Answer:
I think he is
Explanation:
Because humans get their food from animals and plants therefore they are at the top of food chain and we conceder them as primary consumers.
What are the metabolic waste products produced when animal cells use each of the macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) in aerobic respiration? Related to this question, why are fishes able to extract more energy from proteins than mammals or birds? Please be specific in your responses!
Answer:
Metabolic stuff made once animal cells use carbohydrates are greenhouse gas and H2O, lipids - greenhouse gas and H2O, macro-molecule - carbamide and acid. Fish would like macro-molecule principally for growth. Fish eat to satisfy their energy demands. if the energy state of diet is a smaller amount, they waste macro-molecule to fulfill the metabolic desires, if energy state is high, it'll cut back the intake of food.The human body works well when the cells of the body work well. The cells in the body work well when the
conditions are just "right." These "right" conditions are maintained by the body through
the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions.
Answer:
That is correct...it can also be called homeostasis
Answer:
The human body works well when the cells of the body work well. The cells in the body work well when the conditions are just “right.” These “right” conditions are maintained by the body through homeostasis, the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions.
Temperature , amount of sugar, and amount of water are some conditions that need to be right in the body for cells to work properly. When all the conditions are just right, the cells function properly.
18) If a human disorder is sex-linked that means it is
Answer:
It means its inherited.
Explanation:
Sex linked disorders are disorders that are passed down through families. It could be through the X or Y chromosomes which are the sex chromosomes.
Which insect species is most distantly related to S. browderus?
Answer:
C. phillipensis
Explanation:
You argue with your boss, saying that your knowledge of biochemistry tells you that this mutant strain will not be viable. Your boss tells you that the mutant will grow aerobically (in the presence of oxygen) but that it will not be able to grow on glucose anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). You reconsider, and decide that your boss is correct.
Answer:
As the given equation is correct,hence the boss is right,glucose utilization are therefore not able to grow ... and molecular biology to create new mutants.
The correct conclusion is that the mutant strain will not be viable under anaerobic conditions when glucose is the only energy source available.
In biochemistry, the viability of an organism, particularly a microorganism, is often linked to its ability to metabolize nutrients to produce energy. Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration is a process by which cells convert glucose into energy without the use of oxygen.
The information provided indicates that the mutant strain can grow aerobically, which means it can use oxygen to metabolize glucose or other substrates to produce energy. However, the mutant strain cannot grow on glucose anaerobically. This suggests that the mutant strain lacks the necessary biochemical pathways to metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen.
In many organisms, particularly facultative anaerobes, the ability to switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is crucial for survival in environments where oxygen levels may fluctuate. For example, in the absence of oxygen, these organisms can ferment glucose to lactate or ethanol, or use alternative electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.
If the mutant strain cannot grow anaerobically on glucose, it means that it cannot produce energy from glucose without oxygen. This would severely limit the mutant strain's viability in anaerobic environment where glucose is the primary or only available energy source. Therefore, the mutant strain would not be considered viable under those specific conditions, supporting the boss's assertion.
In summary, while the mutant strain can survive and grow in the presence of oxygen, its inability to metabolize glucose anaerobically would render it non-viable in anaerobic environments where glucose is the sole energy source. This conclusion is consistent with fundamental principles of microbial metabolism and the requirements for cellular energy production."
At the beginning of Unit 3 we saw the example of the pygmy seahorse, whose offspring can change their body color, depending on the color of the coral they settle on from orange to purple. This ability to change body color depends on a complex developmental response that involves numerous genes that code for regulatory proteins that can alter the developmental pathway of a developing baby seahorse. Identify which aspect of color determination is subject to natural selection. Whether baby sea horses have the ability to change their color depending on their environment ... Answer 1 Whether baby sea horses develop orange or purple body color ... Answer 2
Answer:
Seahorses are between the sea animals that may modification color. Such variations camouflage the creatures if not obscure or perhaps frighten possible predators. Color variations facilitate seahorse’s link emotions and intentions, particularly throughout suit. Whereas these alterations are stunning and infrequently seem seamless, they're truly the merchandise of complicated interactions between the seahorse's brain and small organs carried within its skin.
Anatomy
Seahorse organelles, known as chromatophores, are enclosed at intervals their skins. These tiny, sack like organs contain variety of pigments and may expand or consent response to a spread of stimuli, inflicting the seahorse to vary color. Typically, seahorses carry solely a couple of chromatophore diversities, so completely different colors are created through the blending and matching of accessible pigments.
Building Color
All of the colours to that a seahorse will modification are derived from 3 or four basic stains contained in several chromatophores. The pigment cells of those chromatophores are sometimes stacked on prime of every alternative or clustered along in teams. the colour a seahorse displays is predicated on sort, combination and attentiveness of those cells, moreover as their proximity to the skin's surface.
Brightness and Tone
Muscles hooked up to chromatophores will push stain cells toward, or pull coloring cells off from, the surface of a seahorse's skin. Once the coloring is on the point of the skin's surface, the animal's color is brighter and splendid. In turn, once the pigment attracts off from the skin's surface, the ensuing color is a smaller amount saturated and somewhat boring.
Speed of modification
Depending on the stimulant that causes a seahorse to vary its color, chromatophores are measured by the seahorse's system or by its secretion fluctuations. once the system activates chromatophores, comparable to in life-and-death things, the animal's color changes quickly. once chromatophores are activated by secretion fluctuations, comparable to once a seahorse is suit a mate, the animal's color in its place changes somewhat slowly.
Both of them aren't subjected to action because the color modification in ocean horse are influenced by system and secretion system.
The ability of seahorses to change color in response to their environment is an aspect of color determination subject to natural selection. This adaptability is genetically controlled and influenced by the environment, providing a survival advantage. This case is an example of a gene-environment interaction.
Explanation:The aspect of color determination subject to natural selection in seahorses is the ability of their offspring to change their body color in response to their environment. This is a complex developmental response triggered by numerous genes. These genes code for regulatory proteins that can alter the developmental pathway, leading to different body colors in offspring. For example, if a baby seahorse settles on an orange coral, it may develop orange coloration; if it settles on a purple coral, it may develop purple coloration. This adaptive characteristic gives seahorses a survival advantage, making them more invisible to predators and more successful at catching prey. Thus, natural selection can favor seahorses with this trait.
However, it is crucial to note that color change in baby seahorses is not determined by the environment alone, but is under genetic control influenced by the surrounding environment. This is a case of gene-environment interaction.
A similar phenomenon can be observed in side-blotched lizards or other creatures like the peppered moths in England in the time of the Industrial Revolution. Their environment caused a shift in coloration to survive their changing habitats, leading to a shift in the population's genetic variance towards the new, fit phenotype. This adaptability is a wonderful example of how species can evolve through natural selection to increase their survival and reproductive success.
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Steps in protein synthesis Step order : initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit translocation small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA ribosomal subunits dissociate ribosome reads a stop codon codon recognition (non-initiating site) transcription of mRNA from DNA polypeptide chain is released from the P site peptide bond formation
Answer:
1. transcription of mRNA from DNA
2. small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
3.initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit
4.codon recognition (non-initiating site)
5.peptide bond formation
6.translocation
7. ribosome reads a stop codon
8.polypeptide chain is released from the P site
9. ribosomal subunits dissociate
Explanation:
The translation is a process which translates the nitrogenous bases or codons in the proteins.
The process of translation requires the mRNA, tRNA and ribosome and proceeds in three stages: the initiation, elongation and the termination.
The process begins with the binding of the small subunit of the ribosome to the mRNA. The charged tRNA with a first amino acid called methionine binds the mRNA and scans the mRNA until it finds the start codon.
After it finds the start codon, the large subunit complex binds the mRNA and form initiation complex. After this, the amino acid enters the P-site of the ribosome where elongation of peptide takes place.
The peptide then exits from the E-site and the ribosome dissociates.
Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex involving the small ribosomal subunit, mRNA template, initiation factors, and initiator tRNA. The initiator tRNA has anticodon UAG and interacts with the start codon AUG, carrying the amino acid methionine.
Explanation:Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex. This complex involves the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA template, initiation factors, and a special initiator tRNA, called tRNAMet. The initiator tRNA has anticodon UAG, which interacts with the start codon AUG and is charged with the amino acid methionine. Methionine is therefore the first amino acid of every polypeptide chain.
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With poultry or game birds, a semiboneless half breast is referred to as
A. a frenched half.
B. a filet.
C. le finnes halves.
D. a suprême.
I don't see the relation to this question to biology, since it goes to cooking, but the answer is D. a suprême. When it comes to poultry, a "supreme" is a boneless and skinless breast. It also denotes a fillet.
-I took cooking classes.
Final answer:
A semiboneless half breast of poultry or game birds is known as d) a suprême. It is characterized by having the wing bone still attached while the rest of the bones are removed. This term is important for culinary precision in dishes that require both presentation and flavor.
Explanation:
In culinary terms, a semiboneless half breast of poultry or game birds is referred to as d) a suprême. This term specifically denotes a breast portion with the wing bone still attached, but with the rest of the bones removed. The suprême is prized for its convenience in cooking and presentation, making it perfect for elegant dishes where both flavor and aesthetics are important. It should not be confused with a frenched half, which usually refers to a method of trimming meat, a filet, which often denotes a boneless and skinless piece of meat, or le finnes halves, which is not a recognized term in culinary use.
In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, blood and water flow in opposite directions. blood flow in the gills reverses direction with every heartbeat. blood and water are separated by a thick polysaccharide barrier. blood and water flow in the same direction.
Answer:
Topic:
Explanation:
What:
Final answer:
In fish, blood and water flow in opposite directions in a countercurrent exchange system for efficient gas exchange. Blood flows through the gills picking up oxygen, then through the body, and the single circuit heart pumps deoxygenated blood back to the gills.
Explanation:
In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, blood and water flow in opposite directions to maximize gas exchange efficiency. The blood flows through the gills, passing over deoxygenated veins first, where it picks up oxygen from the water. This system, known as gill circulation, is unidirectional, with the oxygenated blood then flowing to the rest of the body. Unlike in mammals, fish have a single circuit for blood flow and a two-chambered heart, comprising only one atrium and one ventricle. The oxygenated blood flows past the organs and the rest of the body, delivering oxygen before returning to the heart, a process called systemic circulation. The large surface area of the gills, due to their folded structure, is paramount for this efficient gas exchange, where oxygen molecules diffuse from areas of high concentration in the water to low concentration in the blood.
Most black bears (Ursus americanus) are black or brown in color. However, occasional white bears of this species appear in some populations along the coast of British Columbia. Kermit Ritland and his colleagues determined that white coat color in these bears results from a recessive mutation (G) caused by a single nucleotide replacement in which guanine substitutes for adenine at the melanocortin 1 receptor locus (mcr1), the same locus responsible for red hair in humans (K. Ritland, C. Newton, and H. D. Marshall. 2001. Current Biology 11:1468–1472). The wild-type allele at this locus (A) encodes black or brown color. Ritland and his colleagues collected samples from bears on three islands and determined their genotypes at the mcr1 locus. (Section 25.2) Genotype Number AA 42 AG 24 GG 21 a. What are the frequencies of the A and G alleles in these bears? b. Give the genotypic frequencies expected if the population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. c. Use a chi-square test to compare the number of observed genotypes with the number expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Is this population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium? Note that DF =1. Show Chi Square value, DF, P value, and interpretation.
Answer and Explanation:
a) Frequencies of A and G lalleles are as follows:
f(A) =( 84+24)/174 = 0.62
f(B) = (42+24)/174 =0.38
b) Expected genotype frequencies:
f(AA) = (0.62) (0.62) = 0.384
f (AG)= 2(0.62) (0.38) =0.471
f(GG) = (0.38) (0.38) = 0.144
c) Genotype Observed Expected O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
AA 42 33 9 81 2.45
AG 24 41 17 289 7.05
GG 21 13 8 64 4.92
Chi squared = 14.42
The number of degrees of freedom is the number of genotypes minusthe number of alleles= 3-2 =1
The p value is much less than 0.05, therefore we reject the hypothesis that these genotype frequencies may be expected from HArdy Weinberg equilibrum
For the same cross: BbTt x bbTt a. Using the Probability Method illustrated in lecture, break the complex two-gene cross into two simple single-gene crosses (note that the Probability Method can be used if it is known that the alleles of the different genes Assort Independently) b. Show the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios for each of the simple single-gene crosses.
Answer and Explanation:
cross: BbTt x bbTt
Cross for B gene
Parental ) Bb x bb
Gametes) B b b b
Punnet square) B b
b Bb bb
b Bb bb
F1) Genotypic proportion: 2/4=1/2 Bb : 2/4=1/2 bb
Genotypic ratio 1:1
Phenotypic proportion: 2/4=1/2 B- : 2/4=1/2 bb
Phenotypic ratio 1:1
Cross for T gene
Parental ) Tt x Tt
Gametes) T t T t
Punnet square) T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
F1) Genotypic proportion 1/4 TT
2/4 Tt
1/4 tt
Genotypic ratio 1 : 2 : 1
Phenotypic proportion: 3/4 T-
1/4 tt
Phenotypic ratio 3 : 1
function of cell sap
Cell sap, located in the central vacuole of a plant cell, plays a crucial role in maintaining pressure against the cell wall, contributing to turgor pressure, and aiding the transport of sugars, minerals, amino acids, and plant growth regulators through the plant.
Explanation:
The function of cell sap is pivotal in maintaining a plant's physiological processes. Cell sap, a fluid found in the central vacuole of a plant cell, maintains pressure against the cell wall contributing to turgor pressure. This fluid comprises various components such as sugars, amino acids, and minerals, and it aids in the transportation of these substances throughout the plant.
It's also involved in the translocation process, where photosynthates (sugar synthesized via photosynthesis) are transported to the nearest sink from the source. This transportation is conducted through phloem cells known as Sieve Tube Elements (STEs). These STEs contain small cytoplasm contents and are connected by sieve plates that enable pressure-driven bulk flow, or translocation, of phloem sap.
Phloem sap travels through these sieve tube elements, aided by neighboring companion cells that perform metabolic functions for the sieve tube elements and provide them with energy.
The high concentration of sugar and other solutes in the cell sap decreases water potential (Ys), causing water to move by osmosis from the adjacent xylem into the phloem tubes, which increases pressure. This, in turn, causes a bulk flow of phloem sap from the source (usually leaves) to the sink (other parts of a plant like roots, stems, etc.).
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Determine the most likely reason why natural selection may cause prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms to evolve if postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms are already present, but natural selection can never cause the evolution of postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms. Ca Natural selection may lead to the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation in organisms that already have postzygotic isolation to prevent wasted reproductive effort. O Prezygotic isolation can evolve if postzygotic isolation has generated genetic variation during earlier periods of anagenesis. O If postzygotic isolation is present, then natural selection is already acting evolution of prezygotic isolation. Prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms are the necessary physiological and behavioral precursors for the evolution of postzygotic isolation via natural selection. same
Answer:
a) Natural selection may lead to the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation in organisms that already have postzygotic isolation to prevent wasted reproductive effort
Explanation:
Prezygotic reproductive isolation produces postzygotic reproductive isolation because this mechanism lead to genetic differences that impair the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
In the Arrow/Midas Cichlid sympatric speciation hypothesis, the investigators had to investigate not only the biology and genetics of the species in question, but had to understand the geological history of the larger geological basin in which they occurred, AND the phylogeny of the populations. This is because ____________.
A) They had to eliminate allopatric speciation and subsequent dispersal as a hypothesis.
B) Certain phylogenetic patterns could corroborate or reject the hypothesis of sympatric speciation.
C) Both answers are correct.
Answer:
They had to eliminate allopatric speciation and subsequent dispersal as a hypothesis.
Explanation:
Allopatric speciation is produced by geographic speciation, thereby the genetic differences observed among organisms might be a consequence of this mechanism . The rejection of this hypothesis may imply sympatric speciation
The correct answer is C) Both answers are correct. In the Arrow/Midas Cichlid sympatric speciation hypothesis, the investigators had to investigate not only the biology and genetics of the species in question, but had to understand the geological history of the larger geological basin in which they occurred, AND the phylogeny of the populations. This is because Investigators had to eliminate allopatric speciation and utilize phylogenetic patterns to support or refute sympatric speciation.
Investigators needed to consider the geological history, biology, and phylogeny to fully understand the potential for sympatric speciation in cichlid fish. They had to eliminate allopatric speciation and subsequent dispersal as a hypothesis, because such events involve physical separation of populations, which is not the case in sympatric speciation. In addition, certain phylogenetic patterns could corroborate or reject the hypothesis of sympatric speciation by showing whether populations diverged in situ without geographic isolation.
Club foot is one of the most common congenital skeletal abnormalities, with a worldwide incidence of about 1 in 1000 births. Both genetic and nongenetic factors are thought to be responsible for club foot. C. A. Gurnett et al. (2008. American Journal of Human Genetics 83:616–622) identified a family in which club foot was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. They discovered a mutation in the PITXI gene that caused club foot in this family. Through DNA testing, they determined that 11 people in the family carried the PITXI mutation, but only 8 of these people had club foot. What is the penetrance of PITXI mutation in this family? Please round to two decimal places (e.g. 0.01).
Answer:
Penetrance might be characterized as the part of the predetermined genotypes populace that shows the normal phenotype.
Here, total number of genotypes (PITXI transformation observed) = 11
Genuine influenced phenotypes = 8
Penetrance = (Watched number of club foot occasions) / (all out number of people with PITXI transformation)
Penetrance = 8/11
Penetrance = 0.72
How do changes in the organism in a food chain affect the other organisms?
Answer:
Explanation: The orgaism can be an invasive species it would effect the amount of large or small organisms.things like elk that eat a large amount of certain plants can affect the other organisms source of food.Thats why their hunted by wolves.All the pieces matter.
Changes in a food chain can disrupt energy flow and nutrient cycles, with effects that can ripple through an ecosystem, potentially leading to biodiversity loss or collapse.
If a primary consumer decreases in population, this can lead to overgrowth of plants and the undernourishment of secondary consumers. Conversely, if a keystone species is removed or significantly altered, it can cause a ripple effect, disrupting the predatory and competitive relationships in an ecosystem, potentially leading to biodiversity loss or ecosystem collapse. The delicate balance of energy flow and nutrient cycles in an ecosystem makes it sensitive to changes in any single organism or group within a food chain, demonstrating the interconnectedness of all living things.
NEED HELRIGHT ANSWERS ONLY
Drag each label to the correct location on the map.
Identify the types of precipitation on the map. The color scale gives the rainfall amounts in inches.
light rain
moderate rain
heavy rain
Answer:
The top box that points to the green is moderate rain.
The middle box that points to the blue is light rain.
The bottom box that points to the red is heavy rain.
I got a 100 on plato
The color scale gives the rainfall amounts in inches are:
The top box that points to the green is moderate rain.The middle box that points to the blue is light rain.The bottom box that points to the red is heavy rain.What is a rainfall map called?An isohyetal map is thought a map with isohyets.
The process used to calculate moderate rainfall in a distinct region is known as an isohyetal technique.
Thus, these are the answer.
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What event might occur when favorable adaptations build up in a population over many generations?
starvation
extinction
migration
speciation
Speciation event occur when favorable adaptations build up in a population over many generations.
What is speciation?The process by which new species are formed is called speciation. The major types of speciation are allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. This speciation is due to the evolutionary process that occurs in an organism.
So we can conclude that Speciation event occur when favorable adaptations build up in a population over many generations.
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How can dna help scientists make the classification of similar organisms such as giant pandas and red pandas more accurate
which graph best represents disruptive selection
Answer:
graph a
Explanation:
The graph which best represents disruptive selection is Graph A. So, the correct option is A.
What is Disruptive selection?Disruptive selection is defined as diversifying selection which can be defined as an evolutionary force that is used to describe changes in the genetics of a population. This ultimately implies a disruptive selection which causes genetic drift in the population.
Disruptive selection is explained as population genetic changes which favor extreme values of a trait over intermediate values such that the variation of the trait increases, and the population splits into two groups. The graph which best represents disruptive selection is Graph A.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Which graph best represents disruptive selection?
A Graph B Graph C GraphWhich statement gives a correct justification and procedure for creating a new kingdom? (AKS 5a, DOK 2) Question 11 options: A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has characteristics and DNA different from any existing kingdom without the research being supported by other members of the scientific community. A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has characteristics and DNA different from any existing kingdom and this research is supported by other members of the scientific community. Organisms discovered after 2020 are placed into a new kingdom because they are more likely to be unique and developed through natural selection. A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.
Option(D) is correct
A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.
Explanation:
A new kingdom can be created if the organism that has been discovered is entirely different from the organisms existing earlier. If the organism possesses features of any other organism existing earlier than it might be impossible to create a new kingdom.
This helps scientists to create a new kingdom or different species of plants or animals. It helps in the development of unique species that possess unique qualities.
The statement that gives a correct justification and procedure for creating a new kingdom is :
D) A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.
"New kingdom"The statement that gives a correct justification and procedure for creating a new kingdom is a scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.
If the organism has highlights of any other living being existing prior than it may be impossible to form a unused kingdom.
This makes a difference researchers to make a unused kingdom or distinctive species of plants or animals.
It makes a difference within the improvement of interesting species that have special qualities.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
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Artificial selection has the greatest impact on society by providing which of the following?
More effcient energy
Reduced air pollution
Improved food sources
Increased gas mileage
Answer:
Improved food sources
Explanation:
Artificial selection is also known as selective breeding. Its a deliberate process of breeding plants and animals for better breeds.
It's also called genetic engineering.
This in a way impacts the society positively as crops with better yield are produced. Example is wheat that has more grain or in animals, cow that produces more milk.
Question 19 of 20 The complete oxidation of one glucose molecule yields 30 or more ATP . Glucose catabolism includes glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. The total yield of ATP includes ATP , GTP , and reduced cofactors that yield ATP from the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Which processes yield the most ATP ? When determining the ATP yield for each process, include ATP derived from reduced cofactors. glycolysis citric acid cycle oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl‑ CoA
Answer:
Oxidative phosphorylation is a process which produces most of ATP that is produced during cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules. Citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP molecules.
Explanation:
Oxidative phosphorylation process is also known as electron transport chain. This process produces ATP in large amount i. e. 28 ATP molecules. This process only occurs in aerobic respiration because this process requires oxygen while glycolysis and citric acid cycle produces only 2 ATP molecules.
Although in reality the inheritance of cleft chin (e.g., the deep chin dimple seen in Ben Affleck) is slightly more complicated, for now let's assume that the presence or absence of a cleft chin is determined by one gene. By studying pedigrees, we know that no child possesses a cleft chin unless at least one parent does (either the mom or the dad). Hint: Based on that last statement, you should now know the mode of inheritance! What is it? (Remember Recessive traits can hide, but dominant traits never do!) (1) Cleft chin is a dominant trait. (2) Cleft chin is a recessive trait.
Answer:
Cleft chin is a dominant trait
Explanation:
Single gene inheritance: From the description, cleft chin is a dominant trait if at least one parent has it. For a trait to be inherited in the recessive condition, both parents must have a copy each of that trait. But for this trait to be inherited from at least one parent, it has to be a dominant trait.
Cleft chin is a dominant trait; a child will not exhibit it unless at least one parent also has a cleft chin. Offspring have a 50% chance of having a cleft chin if one parent is heterozygous for the trait and the other parent does not have a cleft chin.
Explanation:The trait in question, a cleft chin, is determined by one gene with two alleles. Given that a child will not have a cleft chin unless at least one parent has it, we can conclude that cleft chin is a dominant trait. This mode of inheritance indicates that if a parent has a cleft chin, they must have at least one dominant allele (B), which is expressed in the physical appearance, overriding the recessive allele (b) for a smooth chin.
If we assume the parent with a cleft chin is heterozygous (Bb), and the other parent has no cleft chin (therefore having two recessive alleles, bb), their offspring would have a 50% chance of inheriting the cleft chin. This is because the offspring can inherit either the dominant allele from the cleft-chinned parent, leading to a cleft chin (Bb), or inherit only recessive alleles from both parents, resulting in no cleft chin (bb).
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What is the function of these organelles
Answer:
Explanation:
Endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that produces, processes and transport protein and lipids.
Golgi body is also referred to as the cell's post office. It modifies, packages and sorts protein for secreation.
Mitochondrion is referred to as the power house. It generates energy in form of ATP ( Adenosine triphospate).
Ribosome is the organelle that produces and synthesizes protein.
Cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, and the nucleus, perform distinct functions essential for cell vitality, like energy production, protein synthesis, and genetic information storage.
Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform distinct metabolic functions, analogous to the organs in a human body. Cells contain various organelles that work in harmony to support the cell's life processes.
Mitochondria are known as the cell's 'powerhouses.' They generate the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comes in two forms: rough ER, with ribosomes for protein synthesis, and smooth ER, for lipid synthesis and detoxification.The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for distribution.Lysosomes are involved in digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components.Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.The nucleus contains DNA and RNA, governing the hereditary characteristics of the cell and controlling cell activities.Each of these organelles plays a critical role in maintaining the health and functionality of the cell, with specific structures that facilitate their specialized functions.
Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles. Fossils indicate that they possessed dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are examples of:_______
Answer: Adaptations to a common environment and examples of convergent evolution.
Explanation:
Ichthyosaurs were the giant marine reptiles but it possess tails and dorsal fins though this is not a common character of reptiles. But the presence tails and dorsal fins states that it was an adaptation which was required at that time.
This giant reptile was an mixture of modern fish and dophins. It also had dorsal fin for swimming in water and has vertical tail which was used for the propulsive stroke. They were air breathing but had some part of their life in water as well like other reptiles.
Convergent evolution can be defined as the evolution of similar features in the species found at different period.
Some of the fishes like dolphins and other fishes shows convergent evolution to ichthyosaurs.
Silent mutations are changes that
Answer:
Silent Mutation
Explanation:
These are changes in the sequence of nucleotide bases that constitutes DNA, without a change in the amino acid or the overall protein.
Silent Mutation does can be caused by many ways but does not change protein or amino acids function.
Ben Affleck has a cleft chin, but his ex-wife Jennifer Garner does not. Neither one of their two daughters (Violet and Seraphina) has a cleft chin, but son Samuel does. Draw a pedigree for the Garner/Affleck family including the genotypes for all five individuals. Use your pedigree to answer the question: What are the genotypes of Ben, Jen, Violet, Seraphina, and Samuel?
Answer:
Ben - Y Xc
Jen - XCXC
Violet - XCXc
Seraphina - XCXc
Samuel- Y Xc
Explanation:
Given -
Ben has a cleft chin
Let the allele for cleft chin be "c"
and the allele for normal chin be "C"
When Ben with cleft chin mates with wife Jennifer Garner having normal chin, then the two girl child do not have cleft chin but the boy has cleft chin.
This means that the allele C could be X -linked and the mother is not the carrier but the father is
The genotype of father Ben would be Y Xc
Genotype of mother would be XCXC
Genotype of two daughters XCXc , XCXc which means they are carrier for the next generation
Genotype of Boy - Y Xc
Pedigree for the Garner/Affleck family:
Ben (Cc)
/ \
Jen (cc) Samuel (CC/Cc)
/ \
Violet (cc) Seraphina (cc).
Genotypes of all five individuals:
Ben Affleck: Cc (heterozygous for a cleft chin)
Jennifer Garner: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)
Violet Affleck: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)
Seraphina Affleck: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)
Samuel Affleck: CC/Cc (heterozygous or homozygous dominant for a cleft chin)
We can also determine the genotypes of Violet, Seraphina, and Samuel based on the pedigree. Since Jennifer Garner is homozygous recessive for no cleft chin (cc), she can only pass on the recessive allele to her children.
Therefore, Violet and Seraphina must also be homozygous recessive for no cleft chin (cc).
Samuel Affleck is the only child in the family who has a cleft chin. This means that he must have inherited at least one copy of the dominant allele for a cleft chin from his father, Ben.
Therefore, Samuel must be either heterozygous (Cc) or homozygous dominant (CC) for a cleft chin.
we know that the most likely genotypes for all five individuals are as follows:
Ben Affleck: Cc
Jennifer Garner: cc
Violet Affleck: cc
Seraphina Affleck: cc
Samuel Affleck: CC/Cc
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Based on morphological and molecular data, researchers hypothesize that the split between dugongs and proboscideans likely occurred between 48 and 34 million years ago. Explain how molecular data from fossils and living organisms would support the existence of an evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans.
Molecular data from both living organisms and fossils provide evidence to support an evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans. Analysis of such data helps to track shared genetic elements as well as evolutionary divergences. Beyond morphology, other evolutionary trends can be analyzed, such as the fossil record of the evolution of horses in North America.
Explanation:Molecular data from both fossils and living organisms provide evidence supporting an evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans, which include elephants. Mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and specific cellular proteins from present organisms and fossilized remains can be analyzed to track shared genetic elements and evolutionary divergences.
In addition to morphological similarities found in fossils, other evolutionary trends can be analyzed. For instance, the fossil record of horses in North America shows an evolution of teeth shapes and foot and leg anatomy adapting to a changing environment over millions of years. This isn’t different from what researchers hypothesize occurred between the dugongs and proboscideans, given the estimated timeline of their divergence.
Such analyses lead to insights into the phylogenetics of these creatures. By looking at these records, scientists can build phylogenetic trees that map the proposed evolution of species, showing the divergence of the dugongs and proboscideans from a common ancestor.
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Molecular data, such as DNA and protein sequences, along with molecular clocks, support the hypothesized evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans by identifying genetic similarities and estimated divergence times that match the morphological data.
Molecular data from fossils and living organisms support the evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans in several ways:
Comparing DNA sequences between living dugongs, fossils, and proboscideans can show similarities that suggest a common ancestor.Analyzing protein sequences can also reveal evolutionary relationships, where smaller differences between molecules indicate closer connections.Molecular clocks, which estimate the time since two species diverged based on genetic mutations, can align with the hypothesized split between dugongs and proboscideans.These molecular methodologies, combined with morphological data, create a more complete evolutionary history, giving evidence to the shared lineage of seemingly disparate species.
Explain the cellular functions that occur when antibiotics attack a bacteria cell?
Thank you!
Answer:
Antibiotics attack the cell walls of bacteria.
Explanation:
They prevent the bacteria from synthesizing a molecule in the cell wall, which is very important as it gives the cell wall the strength to survive in the human body. This molecule is known as PEPTIDOGLYCAN.