Answers
1-Propene has eight sigma bonds and one pi bond.
Explanation:
The lewis structure of 1-Propene is shown below. All sigma bonds are highlighted by blue color and the pi bond is highlighted by red color.
Carbon having four unpaired electrons in its excited state can form four covalent (sigma bonds) bonds. In given structure the orbitals containing unpaired electron in sp³ hybridized C undergo head to head overlap with three hydrogen atoms having single unpaired electron and orbital of other sp² hybridized carbon in same fashion. So, four sigma bonds are formed by sp³ hybridized carbon atom.
The doubly bonded carbon atoms also form sigma bond but two unpaired electrons of these two carbons undergo the formation of pi bond. This pi bond forms when the orbitals overlap along the plane perpendicular to the existing sigma bond resulting in the formation of single pi bond.
Lewis structure are the diagrams, which represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule. It also shows the number of lone pairs present in the atom. The propene Lewis structure shows that it has 8 sigma and 1 pi bonds.
Propene or CH[tex]_2[/tex]CHCH[tex]_3[/tex], is an organic compound that is released by the burning of forest fires, motor vehicles, and aircraft exhaust. The Lewis structure of propene shows that it has 8 sigma bonds and one pi bond.
Sigma bonds are represented as single bond. Pi bonds are represented as double or triple bond.The given image below is the Lewis structure of propene.
Carbon is a tetravalent atom, and in its its excited stated can form 4 covalent bonds. In the diagram, it is seen that carbon is [tex]\text{sp}^2[/tex] hybridized. Carbon forms head to head overlapping with the three hydrogen atoms, forming three sigma bonds.
Since, the carbon is a tetravalent atom, it will form one sigma and one pi bond. The pi bonds are formed when orbitals overlap perpendicularly along the plane of sigma bond.
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Related Questions
.War nickels, produced from 1942-1945 are composed of 56% copper, 35% silver and 9% manganese. How many moles of each element are found in a 5.00 g nickel coin?
Answers
moles =mass/molar mass
calculate the mass of each element =% composition of element/100 x total mass of nickel
Mn = 9/100 x5 = 0.45g
Cu=56/100 x5= 2.8 g
Ag= 35/100x5= 1.75 g
moles of each element is therefore=
Mn = 0.45g/54.94 = 8.19 x10^-3 moles
Ag=1.75g/107.87 g/mol = 0.0162 moles
Cu = 2.8 g/63.5 g/mol=0.0441 moles
At 7 degrees Celsius the volume of gas is 49 liters. At the same pressure its volume is 74 mL at what temperature
Answers
It states that at constant pressure, volume of gas is directly proportional to temperature of gas.
V/T = k
where V - volume , T - temperature and k- constant
[tex] \frac{V1}{T1} = \frac{V2}{T2} [/tex]
parameters for the first instance are on the left side of the equation and parameters for the second instance are on the right side of the equation
T1 - 7 °C + 273 = 280 K
substituting these values in the equation
[tex] \frac{49 mL}{280K} = \frac{74 mL}{T} [/tex]
T = 423 K
temperature in Celcius scale - 423 K - 273 = 150 °C
One of these substances is a liquid at room temperature. which one? one of these substances is a liquid at room temperature. which one? sih4 co2 nh2oh cf4
Answers
Silane: (SiH₄)
Melting Point = -185 °C
Boiling Point = -112 °C
Carbon Dioxide: (CO₂)
Melting Point = -56.6 °C (Triple Point)
Hydroxylamine: (NH₂OH)
Melting Point = 33 °C
Boiling Point = 58 °C
Tetrafluoromethane: (CF₄)
Melting Point = -183.6 °C
Boiling Point = -127.8 °C
Result:
Hence, it can be concluded that none of the given compound is in liquid state at Room temperature. But, approximately speaking we can conclude that comparatively if the day is hot then Hydroxyl Amine (NH₂OH) will exist in liquid state. :)
Among the substances SiH4, CO2, NH2OH, and CF4, it is Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) which is the liquid at room temperature due to its hydrogen bonding.
Explanation:Among the substances SiH4, CO2, NH2OH, and CF4, it is NH2OH (Hydroxylamine) which is a liquid at room temperature. This is due to the variations in the intermolecular forces among these substances:
SiH4(Silane) and CF4(Tetrafluoromethane) are gases at room temperature because their molecules are held together by weak Van der Waals' forces which require less thermal energy to overcome. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) is well known to be a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. NH2OH(Hydroxylamine) on the other hand, exhibits hydrogen bonding (a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction). This bonding causes an increased boiling point, making it a liquid at room temperature.Learn more about Phases of Matter here:
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List the following compounds in decreasing electronegativity difference. cl2 hcl nacl
Answers
Thus, Electronegativity difference in [tex] Cl_{2} [/tex] = 3.2 -3.2 = 0
Electronegativity difference in NaCl = 3.2-0.9 = 2.3
Similarly, Electronegativity difference in HCl = 3.2 - 2.1 = 1.1
Thus, among the listed molecules following is the decreasing order of electronegativity difference: NaCl> HCl > [tex] Cl_{2} [/tex]
The decreasing electronegativity difference in the compounds is NaCl > HCl > Cl2. NaCl has the highest electronegativity difference, forming an ionic compound, then HCl forms a polar covalent bond, and Cl2, made of two identical atoms, has no electronegativity difference.
Explanation:The compounds Cl2, HCl, and NaCl possess varying degrees of electronegativity difference depending on the atoms involved. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons in a bond. In NaCl (sodium chloride), the electronegativity difference is very high as it consists of a metal (sodium) and a non-metal (chlorine).
This forms an ionic compound, which is generally formed when there is a high electronegativity difference. On the other hand, Cl2 (chlorine gas) possesses no electronegativity difference as it is a molecule composed of two identical atoms. Finally, HCl (hydrogen chloride) has a considerable but not extreme electronegativity difference because it consists of two non-metals. This forms a polar covalent bond.
In summary, the decreasing electronegativity difference would be: NaCl > HCl > Cl2.
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What volume of chlorine is required to produce 25.4?
Answers
Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2
so 1 mol CuCl2 will produce from 1 mol Cl2
when the moles of CuCl2 = mass / molar mass
= 25.4 g / 134.45 g/mol
= 0.189 moles
∴0.189 moles of CuCl2 will produce from 0.189 moles Cl2
∴ Volume of 0.189 moles of Cl2 is :
V = nRT/P
when n is the number of moles = 0.189 moles
R is ideal gas constant = 0.0821
T temperature in Kelvin = 18 + 273 = 291 K
P is the pressure = 2.13 atm
by substitution:
∴ V = 0.189 * 0.0821 * 291 / 2.13
= 2.12 L
In the nuclear transmutation represented by 168o(p, \alpha) 137n, the emitted particle is ________.
Answers
Nuclear reaction: ¹⁶O + p⁺
→ ¹³N + α (alpha particle).
Alpha decay is radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits
an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and transforms into an atom
with an atomic number that is reduced by two and mass
number that is reduced by four.
When oxygen-16 gain one proton, atomic mass is 17, but when lose alpha particle
atomic mass reduces by four to 13.
The standard reduction potential for I2/I –is +0.54V, and the standard reduction potential for Br2/Br -is +1.07V. Which reaction occurs when bromine is added to an aqueous solution of iodide ions?
1. 2I –+ 2Br –→ I2+ Br2
2. I2+ 2Br –→ Br2+ 2I –
3. I2+ Br2→ 2I –+ 2Br –
4. 2I –+ Br2→ I2+ 2Br –
Answers
Number 3 doesn’t work because both Iodine and Bromine are being reduced in the equation, and that’s not how things work in the wonderful world of chemistry - one must be reduced and the other must be oxidized.
Therefore, 4 is the correct answer, as seen by the reduction of Bromine and the oxidation of Iodine.
Final answer:
When bromine is added to an aqueous solution of iodide ions, the reaction that occurs is the oxidation of iodide ions to iodine and the reduction of bromine to bromide ions, as bromine has a higher standard reduction potential and will thus be reduced. Hence, the reaction that occurs is 2I⁻ + Br₂ → I₂ + 2Br⁻.
Explanation:
To determine which reaction will occur when bromine is added to an aqueous solution of iodide ions, we can compare the standard reduction potentials of the Br₂/Br⁻ and I₂/I⁻ couples. The standard reduction potential for Br₂/Br⁻ is +1.07V, and for I₂/I⁻ it is +0.54V. Given that a higher potential indicates a greater tendency to gain electrons (undergo reduction), we can infer that Br₂ will be reduced (gain electrons) rather than I₂.
Therefore, iodide ions (I-) will be oxidized by bromine (Br₂) to form iodine (I₂) and bromide ions (Br⁻). The balanced half-reactions are:
Br₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Br− (Reduction)2I− → I₂ + 2e− (Oxidation)Overall, the reaction that occurs is 2I⁻ + Br₂ → I₂ + 2Br⁻, which correlates to option 4 in the list provided by the student. This is because the reaction can only occur in the direction that allows bromine to be reduced since it has a higher reduction potential.
A solution is made by dissolving 5.65 g of an unknown molecular compound in 110.0 g of benzene froze at 4.39 oc. what is the molar mass of the solute if pure benzene has a freezing point of 5.45 oc and the kf value of benzene is 5.07 oc/m
Answers
Final answer:
The correct answer is "245.76 g/mol". To find the molar mass of an unknown compound dissolved in benzene from the freezing point depression, the change in freezing point is calculated, then used with the freezing point depression formula to determine the molality. The molar mass is ultimately found by dividing the mass of the solute by the number of moles of solute calculated from the molality and mass of solvent.
Explanation:
To determine the molar mass of an unknown molecular compound from the freezing point depression in benzene, we first need to calculate the change in freezing point (ΔTf). Given that pure benzene freezes at 5.45 °C and the solution freezes at 4.39 °C, ΔTf is the difference between these two temperatures.
ΔTf = 5.45 °C - 4.39 °C = 1.06 °C
Using the formula for freezing point depression, ΔTf = i * Kf * m, where i is the van't Hoff factor (for a non-electrolyte, this is 1), Kf is the freezing point depression constant of benzene (5.07 °C/m), and m is the molality of the solution. Since we're looking for the molar mass of the solute, we rearrange the formula to find molality first: m = ΔTf / (i * Kf).
m = 1.06 °C / (1 * 5.07 °C/m) = 0.209 mol/kg
To find the molar mass, we need the number of moles of the solute, which is the mass of the solute divided by its molar mass. Given the mass of the solute is 5.65 g, and using the molality equation m = moles of solute / kg of solvent, we can find the number of moles of solute. Then, molar mass (M) = mass of solute / moles of solute.
Moles of solute = m * kg of solvent = 0.209 mol/kg * 0.110 kg = 0.02299 mol
Molar mass (M) = mass of solute / moles of solute = 5.65 g / 0.02299 mol ≈ 245.76 g/mol.
How many helium atoms are in a 12.0 g sample?
Answers
Answer: The number of helium atoms present are [tex]18.066\times 10^{23}[/tex]
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
Given mass of helium = 12.0 g
Molar mass of helium = 4 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of helium}=\frac{12.0g}{4g/mol}=3mol[/tex]
According to mole concept:
1 mole of an element contains [tex]6.022\time 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.
So, 3 moles of helium will contain = [tex]3\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=18.066\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.
Hence, the number of helium atoms present are [tex]18.066\times 10^{23}[/tex]
To find the number of helium atoms in a 12.0 g sample, convert the grams into moles using the molar mass of helium (4 g/mol), then multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23). The result is approximately 1.807 x 10^24 helium atoms.
Explanation:To calculate the number of helium atoms in a 12.0 g sample, you need to use Avogadro's number, which states that one mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). Molar mass of helium is approximately 4 g/mol. So first, we need to convert the number of grams into moles.
12.0 g / 4 g/mol = 3 moles of helium.
To find out how many atoms this is, we multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number:
3 moles * 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole = 1.807 x 10^24 helium atoms.
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Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the weak acid hcn with water. include the phase of each species.
Answers
The balanced chemical equation along with phases of species is as follow,
HCN ₍aq₎ + H₂O ₍l₎ ⇄ H₃O⁺ ₍aq₎ + CN⁻ ₍aq₎
In above equation the sign "⇄" indicates that HCN is not ionizing completely and the reaction is reversible in nature.
The weak acid HCN reacts with water through acid ionization, forming hydronium ions and cyanide ions. This reaction can be represented with the balanced chemical equation: HCN(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq).
Explanation:
The weak acid HCN (hydrogen cyanide) reacts with water through a process called acid ionization. In this reaction, a hydrogen ion (H+) is transferred from the weak acid to a water molecule, leading to the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+), and the cyanide ion (CN-). The balanced chemical equation outlining this reaction is:
HCN(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)
In this equation, the (aq) annotation indicates that the species is in the aqueous - or water - phase, while (l) indicates the liquid phase for water.
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which element does not contain neutrons
iron
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
Answers
________________________________________________________
When two molecules of methanol (ch3oh) react with oxygen, they combine with three o2 molecules to form two co2 molecules and four h2o molecules. how many h2o molecules are formed when 66 methanol molecules react?
Answers
[tex] \frac{2 molecules CH_{3}OH}{4 molecules H_{2}O} = \frac{66 molecules CH_{3}OH}{x molecules H_{2}O} x= 4*66/2=132 molecules of H_{2}O[/tex]
The number of water molecules formed when 66 molecules of ethanol react is; 132 molecules of water.
When two molecules of methanol react with oxygen.
They combine with three O2 molecules as implied in the question to form CO2 molecules and four H20 molecules.The reaction between methanol and oxygen is as follows;
2CH3OH + 3O2 --> 2CO2 + 4H2OAccording to the equation,
2 molecules of CH3OH = 4 molecules of H2OTherefore,
66 molecules of CH3OH = x molecules of H2OIn essence, the number of x molecules of water formed when 66 molecules of ethanol react is;
x = (66 × 4)/2x = 132 molecules of water.The number of water molecules formed when 66 molecules of ethanol react is; 132 molecules of water.
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What is the total mass of products formed when 16 grams of ch4?
Answers
CH₄ + 2 O₂ → CO₂ + 2 H₂O
According to equation 1 mole of CH₄ (16 g) reacts with 2 moles of O₂ to produce 1 mole of CO₂ and 2 moles of H₂O. Hence the products are,
1 mole of CO₂ and 2 moles of H₂O
Converting 1 mole CO₂ to grams;
As,
Mass = Moles × M.mass
Mass = 1 mol × 44 g.mol⁻¹
Mass = 40 g of CO₂
Converting 2 moles of H₂O to grams,
Mass = 2 mol × 18 g.mol⁻¹
Mass = 36 g of H₂O
Total grams of products;
Mass of CO₂ = 44 g
+ Mass of H₂O = 36 g
-------------
Total = 80 g of Product
Result:
80 grams of product is formed when 16 grams of CH₄ is burnt in excess of Oxygen.
The total mass of the products formed when 16 grams of methane (CH4) is combusted is equal to the mass of the reactants, which is also 16 grams, when not considering the massless product, heat.
Explanation:The student is asking about the total mass of products when 16 grams of methane (CH4) is combusted. Combustion of methane is represented by the balanced chemical equation CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + energy. To find the total mass of the products, we would need to use stoichiometry to convert the mass of CH4 to moles, then use the balanced equation to find the moles of the products CO2 and H2O. Since mass is conserved, the total mass of reactants will equal the total mass of products. However, heat is also a product of the reaction, which is not measured by mass.
In this question, the student has mentioned specific molecular quantities, but since the aim is to determine the mass of products from 16 grams of methane, we don't need to consider these quantities. What we need is the concept that the mass of reactants equals the mass of products in a chemical reaction, where the mass of gaseous products is part of the overall calculation. Heat, despite being a part of the product side of the equation, does not contribute to the mass.
Therefore, the total mass of the CO2 and H2O produced from 16 grams of methane will also be 16 grams, neglecting energy. It is crucial to emphasize that this is a theoretical approach assuming complete combustion and no mass loss during the reaction.
In processes that produce electricity, some of the energy used is wasted as _____ energy.
Select one:
a. heat
b. chemical
c. kinetic
d. light
Answers
A) Heat
Write the structural formula for aspirin. label the ester group and the carboxylic acid group
Answers
The formula of the asprin is C₉H₈O₄. Asprin is also called as acetylsalicylic acid
which is used as a drug in medical treatments. It is a synthetic derivative of
salicylic acid which is extracted from willow bark.
As the functional groups, asprin has 3 groups as
carboxylic acid group, ester group and aromatic ring. The structure is as the
image.
The structural formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. The ester group in aspirin is -COO- and the carboxylic acid group is -COOH.
The structural formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. The ester group in aspirin is -COO- and the carboxylic acid group is -COOH. The structural formula can be represented as:
C6H4OH(CO)O using the circled atoms as reference points for the acid part of the molecule.
what is the name of this molecule? h3c-c=c-ch3
Answers
Answer : The name of the given molecule is 2-butene or but-2-ene
Explanation :
Step 1 : Find the longest carbon chain.
The longest carbon chain for the given structure contains 4 carbons.
This will help us to find out the prefix for our parent compound.
The alkane with 4 carbons is "Butane"
Therefore our parent compound will have the prefix is "but"
Step 2 : Find the functional group
The functional group is the group that gives specific characteristics to the compound. In this case, we have a double bond in the structure which behaves as a functional group.
Therefore the functional group here is "Alkene"
Functional groups helps us to find the suffix of the name. In this case it is "ene"
Therefore our parent compound is but+ene = butene
Step 3 : Find the position of the double bond
The double bond is present between second and third carbon atom.
We always select the lower number to denote the position of the bond.
So we have 2-butene OR but-2-ene
There are no substituents present in this compound.
Therefore the name of the compound is 2-butene or But-2-ene
The molecule represented by H3C-C=C-CH3 is named But-2-ene, according to the IUPAC nomenclature system.
Explanation:H3C-C=C-CH3 is named But-2-ene, according to the IUPAC nomenclature system. The molecule represented by the formula H3C-C=C-CH3 is named But-2-ene. In this name, 'But' refers to the four carbon atoms that form the base of the molecule, '-2-' indicates that the double bond is between the second and third carbon atom, and 'ene' signifies the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule. This nomenclature is part of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) system, which is a standardized method for naming chemical compounds.
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Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of dichromate ion cr2o−27 to chromium ion cr 3 in basic aqueous solution. be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate.
Answers
Explanation:
When electrons are added in a reaction then it means reduction is taking place. Whereas removal of electrons from a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.
Oxidation state of chromium in [tex]Cr_{2}O^{2-}_{7}[/tex] is +6. So, its reduction half-reaction will be as follows.
[tex]Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-} + 3e^{-1} \rightarrow Cr^{3+}[/tex]
Since it is given that reaction is taking place in basic solution. So, we add [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] on reactant side and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] on the product side.
[tex]Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-} + 3e^{-1} + H_{2}O \rightarrow Cr^{3+} + OH^{-}[/tex]
Now balancing Cr atom and charges on both sides, we get the following.
[tex]Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-} + 6e^{-1} + 7H_{2}O \rightarrow 2Cr^{3+} + 14OH^{-}[/tex]
The balanced half-reaction for the reduction of dichromate ion Cr2O2−7 to chromium ion Cr3+ in basic aqueous solution is:
Cr2O2−7(aq) + 14 OH−(aq) + 6 e− → 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)
What's the reaction about?Balance the chromium atoms. There are 2 chromium atoms on the left side and 2 on the right, so the equation is already balanced for chromium.
The final balanced equation is:
Cr2O2−7(aq) + 14 OH−(aq) + 6 e− → 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)
The physical state symbols are also included in the balanced equation. The dichromate ion and the chromium ion are aqueous, the hydroxide ions are aqueous, and the water molecules are liquid.
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How many liters of 0.45 m hcl will be required to titrate completely 1.2 l solution of 0.22 m naoh? show your work?
Answers
write the equation for reaction
that is NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
find the moles of NaOH used = molarity x volume
= 1.2 x0.22 = 0.264 moles
by use mole ratio between NaOH to HCl which is 1:1 the moles of HCl =0.264 moles
volume =moles/molarity
=0.264/0.45= 0.587 liters of HCL
A sample of gas occupies 10.0 l at 100.0 torr and 27.0
c. calculate the pressure if the temperature is changed to 127c while the volume remains constant. (133 torr)
Answers
that is P1/T1 = P2/V2
P1 = 100 torr
T1 = 27+273 = 300 k
T2 =127 +273 =400 k
P2=?
by making P2 the subject of the formula
P2=T2P1/T1
=100 x 400/300 = 133.3 torr
To calculate the new pressure of a gas when the temperature changes and volume remains constant, we apply Gay-Lussac's Law, which involves converting temperatures to Kelvin and using the relationship P1/T1 = P2/T2.
Explanation:The student's question involves calculating the pressure of a sample of gas when the temperature is changed while keeping the volume constant. This is a typical problem you might encounter in a chemistry class when discussing gas laws, specifically relating to Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided that the volume remains constant.
Since the volume is constant, we can use the Gay-Lussac's Law formula: P1/T1 = P2/T2, where P1 and T1 are the initial pressure and temperature, and P2 and T2 are the final pressure and temperature, respectively. Remember to convert temperatures to Kelvin. Initially, we have P1 = 100.0 torr and T1 = (27.0 + 273.15) K. The final temperature is T2 = (127 + 273.15) K. Solving for P2, we get the final pressure.
Which substance yields hydroxide ion as the only negative ion in aqueous solution?
Answers
a. Mg(OH)2.
b. CH3Cl.
c. MgCl2 .
d. C2H4(OH)2.
Answer is: a. Mg(OH)₂.
An Arrhenius base is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
In this example magnesium hydroxide is an Arrhenius base:
Mg(OH)₂(aq) → Ba²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq).
CH₃Cl and C₂H₄(OH)₂ are organic compound and will not give hydroxide ions in water, MgCl₂ is neutral salt and it will give Cl⁻ ions.
Predict which substance in each pair has greater molar entropy. (1) no2(g) n2o4(g) (2) ch3och3(l) ch3ch2oh(l) (3) hcl(g) hbr(g)
Answers
Pair 1: NO2 (g) and N2O4 (g)
In the above case, entropy of N2O4 is more as compared to NO2, because N2O4 has more number of bonds as compared to NO2. So large number of vibrational energy levels are available for energy distribution which results in increasing entropy.
Pair 2: CH3OCH3(l) and CH3CH2OH(l)
Above compounds are structure isomers. They have same number of bonds and vibrational energy levels. However, presence of -OH group in CH3CH2OH results in intermolecular interaction via H bonding. This results in an ordered structure in CH3CH2OH as compared to CH3OCH3. Due to this entropy in CH3CH2OH is lower as compared to CH3OCH3.
Pair 3: HCl(g) and HBr(g)
In present case, HBr will have higher entropy as compared to HCl, because of larger number of sub-atomic particles in Br. Also, the higher molecular mass of HBr favors larger entropy.
The substances with greater molar entropy in each case are: NO2(g), CH3OCH3(l), and HBr(g), due to factors such as number of atoms, molecule complexity and being heavier gases.
Explanation:In predicting the substance with greater molar entropy in each pair, we have to consider the number of molecules and atoms, phase of matter and complexity of molecules. Here are the predicted substances:
NO2(g) - This molecule is monatomic when compared to N2O4. Molecules with more atoms have higher positional entropy, hence NO2 has higher molar entropy.CH3OCH3(l) - This is a more complex molecule as compared to CH3CH2OH. More complex molecules have higher entropy as there are more possible configurations of their atoms.HBr(g) - This substance is a gas and contains bromine which is heavier than chlorine in HCl. Heavier gases have larger molar entropy. Learn more about Molar Entropy here:https://brainly.com/question/32107086
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A 10.0-ml sample of 0.200 m hydrocyanic acid (hcn) is titrated with 0.0998 m naoh. what is the ph at the equivalence point? for hydrocyanic acid, pka = 9.31
Answers
HCN (aq) + OH- (aq) → CN-(aq) + H2O(l)
So we can see that the molar ratio between HCN: OH-: CN- is 1:1 :1
we need to get number of mmol of HCN = molarity * volume
= 0.2 mmol / mL* 10 mL = 2 mmol
so the number of mmol of NaOH = 2 mmol according to the molar ratio
so, the volume of NaOH = moles/molarity
= 2 mmol / 0.0998mL
= 20 mL
and according to the molar ratio so, moles of CN- = 2 mmol
∴the molarity of CN- = moles / total volume
= 2 mmol / (10mL + 20mL ) = 0.0662 M
when we have the value of PKa = 9.31 and we need to get Pkb
so, Pkb= 14 - Pka
= 14 - 9.31 = 4.69
when Pkb = -㏒Kb
4.69 = -㏒ Kb
∴ Kb = 2 x 10^-5
and when the dissociation reaction of CN- is:
CN-(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ HCN(aq) + OH- (aq)
by using the ICE table:
∴ the initials concentration are:
[CN-] = 0.0662 M
and [HCN] = [OH]- = 0 M
and the equilibrium concentrations are:
[CN-] = (0.0662- X)
[HCN] = [OH-]= X
when Kb expression = [HCN][OH-] /[CN-]
by substitution:
2 x 10^-5 = X^2 / (0.0662 - X)
X = 0.00114
∴[OH-] = X = 0.00114
when POH = -㏒[OH]
= -㏒ 0.00114
POH = 2.94
∴PH = 14 - 2.94 = 11.06
The pH at the equivalence point of the titration can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The pH at the equivalence point is 9.31.
Explanation:The pH at the equivalence point of the titration can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The equivalence point occurs when the moles of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is equal to the moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
In this case, the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a weak acid, and the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base. At the equivalence point, the weak acid is completely neutralized by the strong base, forming the conjugate base of the acid.
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate the pH at the equivalence point:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
The concentration of the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is 0.200 M, and since hydrocyanic acid is a weak acid, its concentration can be assumed to remain nearly constant during the titration. Therefore, the concentration of the conjugate base at the equivalence point is also 0.200 M.
Plugging in the values, we have:
pH = 9.31 + log(0.200/0.200) = 9.31
So, the pH at the equivalence point is 9.31.
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how many molecules of dinitrogen pentoxide are in 1.39 moles of dinitrogen pentoxide
Answers
[tex]1.39 mol * \frac{6.02*10^{23}}{1 mol} =8.37*10^{23} molecules[/tex]
Explanation:
According to Avogadro's number, it is known that there are [tex]6.023 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms present in 1 mole of a substance.
Therefore, molecules or atoms present in 1.39 moles will be as follows.
No. of atoms = no. of moles × Avogadro's number
= [tex]1.39 moles \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}\text{atoms/mol}[/tex]
= [tex]8.37 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms
Thus, we can conclude that there are [tex]8.37 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms of dinitrogen pentoxide in 1.39 moles.
What concentration of the lead ion, pb2+, must be exceeded to precipitate pbf2 from a solution that is 1.00×10−2 m in the fluoride ion, f−? ksp for lead(ii) fluoride is 3.3×10−8 ?
Answers
Answer is: concentration of Pb²⁺ must be exceeded is 3.3·10⁻⁴ M.
Chemical reaction : Pb²⁺(aq) + 2F⁻(aq) → PbF₂(s).
Ksp(PbF₂) = 3.3·10⁻⁸.
c(F⁻) = 0.01 M.
Ksp(PbF₂) = c(Pb²⁺) ·
c(F⁻)².
c(Pb²⁺) = Ksp(PbF₂) ÷ c(Cl⁻)².
c(Pb²⁺) = 3.3·10⁻⁸ ÷ (0.01 M)².
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.000000033 M³ ÷ 0.0001 M².
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.00033 M = 3.3·10⁻⁴ M.
The concentration of Pb²⁺ must be exceeded is 3.3 × 10⁻⁴ m.
Ksp value of PbF₂ = 3.3 × 10⁻⁸
Concentration of fluoride ion = 1.00 × 10⁻²
It is required to calculate the concentration of lead ion.
What is a solubility product?
The solubility product constant, Ksp, is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution.
A chemical reaction between lead ion and fluoride ion occurs as
Chemical reaction :
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2F⁻(aq) → PbF₂(s).
Ksp(PbF₂) = 3.3 × 10⁻⁸
Ksp(PbF₂) = c(Pb²⁺) · c(F⁻)²
c(Pb²⁺) = Ksp(PbF₂) ÷ c(Cl⁻)²
c(Pb²⁺) = 3.3×10⁻⁸ ÷ (0.01 m)²
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.000000033 m³ ÷ 0.0001 m²
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.00033 m = 3.3·10⁻⁴ m
Hence, the concentration of Pb²⁺ must be exceeded is 3.3 × 10⁻⁴ m.
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___ + ___ = H2O + LiBrO3 Complete and balance the equation representing neutralization reaction.
Answers
this is called neutralisation as hydrogen ions in acid react with hydroxide ions in base and form water.
the cation in base reacts with anion in acid and forms a salt.
In the reaction given the salt formed is LiBrO₃
in the salt formed the cation is Li⁺ and anion is BrO₃⁻
therefore base is LiOH and acid is HBrO₃
neutralisation reaction is therefore
LiOH + HBrO₃ ---> LiBrO₃ + H₂O
The complete and balanced neutralization reaction is HBrO₃(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiBrO₃(aq), where hydrobromic acid reacts with lithium hydroxide to produce water and lithium bromate.
Explanation:
The student's question pertains to completing and balancing a chemical equation for a neutralization reaction. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. To complete and balance the given equation ___ + ___ = H₂O + LiBrO₃, we need to identify the acid and the base that will produce lithium bromate (LiBrO₃) and water.
The balanced equation for this reaction is:
HBrO₃(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiBrO3(aq)Here, hydrobromic acid (HBrO₃) reacts with lithium hydroxide (LiOH), producing water (H₂O) and lithium bromate (LiBrO₃). This equation is balanced as written, with one mole of HBrO₃ reacting with one mole of LiOH to produce one mole of water and one mole of LiBrO₃.
which of the following naturally orccuing radioisotopes would be most useful in dating objects
Answers
Radioisotope can be used to determine the age of fossils, to treat skin disease, to sterilize foodstuffs, and also to sterilize surgical instruments.
Radioisotope dating is a way to estimate a fossil's age by a method of analyzing the elemental isotopes which are within the rocks which it is in.
A 90.00 mL solution of NaCl and ethyl alcohol has 7.83 g of salt dissolved in the alcohol. Calculate the molar concentration of the solution. Remember to use significant digit rules.
Answers
find the moles of NaCl used to make the solution
moles = mass/molar mass
mass =7.83 g
molar mass =58.5 g/mol
moles = 7.83 g/ 58.5 g/mol = 0.134 moles
molarity ( concentration in mol/l) = number of moles/volume in liters
volume in liters = 90ml/1000 =0.09 liters
molarity is therefore = 0.134 moles/0.09 L =1.49 M
Answer:
The molar concentration of the solution is calculated as follows
find the moles of NaCl used to make the solution
moles = mass/molar mass
mass =7.83 g
molar mass =58.5 g/mol
moles = 7.83 g/ 58.5 g/mol = 0.134 moles
molarity ( concentration in mol/l) = number of moles/volume in liters
volume in liters = 90ml/1000 =0.09 liters
molarity is therefore = 0.134 moles/0.09 L =1.49 M
Explanation:
If you start with 4.0 grams of sodium flouride (NaF), how many grams of magnesium flouride (MgF2) will be produced? The molar mass of NaF is 42g/mole and the molar mass of MgF2 is 62g/mole.
Answers
Jaina just got home from a difficult workout. She is complaining of muscle soreness and cramps. Which waste product of fermentation caused the soreness and cramps?
Answers
propose a reasonable synthesis to get benzylamine from toluene
Answers
Step 1: Bromination of Methyl Group in Toluene:
Bromination is carried out on methyl group present on Benzene ring through free radical mechanism by treating toluene with N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and Benzyl Bromide is formed.
Step 2: Benzyl Bromide into Benzyl Amine;
This step is carried out utilizing a neme reaction "Gabriel Reaction". Benzyl bromide is treated with Potassium Phthalamide and an intermediate is formed which on treatment with Hydrazine produces Benzyl amine.
Final answer:
The synthesis of benzylamine from toluene involves an oxidation step to convert toluene to benzaldehyde followed by reductive amination with an amine such as methylamine to yield the desired benzylamine.
Explanation:
To propose a reasonable synthesis to get benzylamine from toluene involves several steps. Initially, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde through the oxidation reaction. This would typically involve a reaction with an oxidizing agent like KMnO4 in an aqueous base or CrO3 with acidic conditions. Once benzaldehyde is obtained, the next step is to convert it into benzylamine. This can be achieved by the reductive amination process, where benzaldehyde can react with an amine such as methylamine and then be reduced, often using a reducing agent like NaBH4 or H2 with a catalyst. To ensure that the amine added is solely the benzyl amine desired, the N-alkylation can be controled through the choice of appropriate reagents and conditions.
One possible method would utilize methylamine in the presence of a reductive agent to convert the aldehyde group to the desired primary amine. The overall reaction from toluene to benzylamine would likely proceed with good to high yields, assuming that the correct reaction parameters and purification techniques are employed.