Catalytic converters made of palladium (Pd) reduce automobile pollution by catalyzing the reaction between unburned hydrocarbons and oxygen. How does Pd increase the rate of this reaction?
A: By cooling the reactants
B: By splitting the oxygen atoms
C: By giving the hydrocarbons a negative charge
D: By decreasing the activation energy
Answer: D: By decreasing the activation energy
Explanation: A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path which involves lower activation energy and thus more molecules can cross the energy barrier and convert to products.
Activation energy is the extra energy that must be supplied to reactants in order to cross the energy barrier and thus convert to products.
The catalyst itself does not take part in the chemical reaction and is regenerated as such at the end.
Equal volumes of 1 molar hydrochloric acid (hcl) and 1 molar sodium hydroxide base (naoh) are mixed. after mixing, the solution will be:
Identify two cost effective ways society can use to prevent further destruction of the ozone layer. Explain your answer.
Atmospheric pollution is the worst when: natural gas is burned coal is burned geothermal heat is used to generate electricity
An atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. another isotope of the same element might have
Answer:It might have 10 neutrons
Reason: This is because an isotope of the same element must have the same number of electrons and protons so it can be assumed that the amount of neutrons can be changed.
Suppose you wanted to find out how many milliliters of 1.0 m agno3 are needed to provide 169.9 g of pure agno3? what is step 1 in solving the problem? calculate moles agno3 needed what is the molar mass of agno3? 169.87 g/mol how many milliliters of solution are needed?
You need 1000 milliliters of a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution to provide 169.9 g of pure AgNO₃.
Step 1: Calculate the moles of AgNO₃ needed. To do this, use the given molar mass of AgNO₃, which is 169.87 g/mol.
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles of AgNO₃ = 169.9 g / 169.87 g/mol = 1.000 mol
Step 2: Determine the volume of the 1.0 M AgNO₃ solution required to obtain 1.000 mol of AgNO₃.
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
Rearranging the formula to solve for volume (liters):
Volume (L) = moles of solute / Molarity
Volume (L) = 1.000 mol / 1.0 M = 1.000 liters
Since the question asks for the volume in milliliters:
Volume (mL) = Volume (L) * 1000
Volume (mL) = 1.000 L * 1000 = 1000 mL
Therefore, you need 1000 milliliters of a 1.0 M AgNO₃ solution to provide 169.9 g of pure AgNO₃.
An atom of which element has the strongest attraction for the electrons in a bond?
a.aluminum
b.carbon
Carbon generally has a higher electronegativity than aluminum, so a carbon atom has a stronger attraction for bonding electrons.
The strength of an atom's attraction for the electrons in a bond is measured by its electronegativity. Among the elements listed, carbon generally has a higher electronegativity than aluminum, which means that an atom of carbon will typically have a stronger attraction for the electrons in a bond. The concept of electronegativity is crucial in understanding the behavior of atoms in different chemical compounds and their ability to attract bonding electrons.
The molality of a solution containing 8.1 moles of solute in 4847 g of solvent is ____.
Answer:
1.67m
Explanation:
During _____, bonds between monomers are broken by adding water.
A.
hydrolysis
B.
polymerization
C.
dehydration synthesis
D.
carbohydrate loading
What is a solution that has a relatively low amount of solute called?
Final answer:
A dilute solution has a relatively small amount of solute compared to the solvent. Qualitative terms like 'dilute' and 'concentrated' describe the concentration of solutes in a solution, but for precise measurements, a quantitative expression of concentration is necessary.
Explanation:
A solution with a relatively low amount of solute is referred to as a dilute solution. This term contrasts with a concentrated solution, which contains a larger quantity of solute. In a dilute solution, the solute is present in a lower concentration compared to the solvent, which is the substance present in a higher concentration.
When discussing the concentration of solutions, it is essential to express it quantitatively for precision. However, qualitative descriptors such as 'dilute' and 'concentrated' are commonly used. The meaning of these terms can vary depending on several factors, such as the nature of the solute and solvent, as well as the context in which they are used.
For example, a solution containing 1 gram of salt in 1 liter of water is more dilute than a solution containing 10 grams of salt in the same amount of water. The latter would be considered more concentrated. Both terms are relative and describe the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent without precisely quantifying the concentration.
Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of _____. nitrogen in the atmosphere nitrite ions in the soil uric acid from animal excretions nucleic acids from decomposing plants and animals nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil
Plants primarily obtain nitrogen from soil in the forms of nitrates (NO₃⁻) and ammonium ions (NH₄), which become available through the processes of nitrogen fixation and nitrification by certain bacteria.
Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil. Atmospheric nitrogen, which composes 78% of the air, is not directly usable by plants due to its strong triple bonds. Through the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is converted into biologically available forms.
One such process is nitrogen fixation, where free-living or symbiotic bacteria, such as Rhizobium in legume roots, convert gaseous nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). This ammonia can become ammonium (NH₄) and is then available for plant uptake, or it can be further processed by nitrifying bacteria into nitrites (NO₂⁻) and subsequently into nitrates (NO₃⁻), which are absorbed by plant roots.
The availability of ammonia and nitrates in the soil is crucial for plants to synthesize essential compounds like proteins and nucleic acids, making nitrogen a limiting nutrient for plant growth.
Consider this reaction: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g).
Which combination of factors will affect the rate of the reaction?
Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction in the context of a specific reaction equation.
The factors that affect the rate of the reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) include:
Catalyst: Adding a catalyst can increase the rate of the reaction.
Surface area: Grinding the zinc solid into a fine powder increases its surface area, enhancing the reaction rate.
Concentration and Temperature: Increasing the concentration of HCl or raising the temperature can also speed up the reaction.
A geometric isomer with two alkyl groups on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond is called
When potassium hydroxide and barium chloride react, potassium chloride and barium hydroxide are formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is _____. *
You have two containers of equal volume. one is full of helium gas. the other holds an equal mass of nitrogen gas both gases have the same pressure how does thegas. bothgaseshavethesamepressure. howdoesthetemperature of the helium compare to the temperature of the nitrogen?
Let's assume that both He and N₂ have ideal gas behavior.
Then we can use ideal gas law,
PV = nRT
Where, P is the pressure of gas, V is the volume,
n is moles of gas, R is universal gas constant and T is the temperature in
Kelvin.
The P and V are same for the
both gases.
R is a
constant.
The only variables are n and T.
Let's say temperature of He is T₁ and temperature of N₂ is T₂.
n = m/M where n is
moles, m is mass and M is molar mass.
Molar mass of He is 4 g/mol and molar mass of N₂ is 28 g/mol
Since mass (m) of both gases are same,
moles of He = m/4
moles of N₂ = m/28
Let's apply the ideal gas equation for both gases.
For He gas,
PV = (m/4)RT₁ (1)
For N₂ gas,
PV = (m/28)RT₂ (2)
(1) = (2)
(m/4)RT₁ =
(m/28)RT₂
T₁/4
= T₂/28
T₁ = T₂/7
7T₁ = T₂
Hence, the
temperature of N₂ gas is higher by 7
times than the temperature of He gas.
Given the same mass and pressure, the temperature of the helium would be the same as the temperature of nitrogen. This is due to the ideal gas law, which connects the variables of pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.
Explanation:The temperature of the helium would be the same as the temperature of nitrogen, given that the quantities (in terms of mass) are the same and they are at the same pressure. This follows from the ideal gas law which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature and the number of moles of the gas, and inversely proportional to volume. Considering this in context, helium and nitrogen have different molar masses. For a given mass, there will be more moles of helium (which has a lower molar mass) than of nitrogen (which has a higher molar mass). Therefore, if the mass, volume, and pressure are held constant, the temperature for equal masses of the two gases will also be constant. More moles of gas does not mean a higher temperature, contrary to what one might intuitively think.
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The electrolysis of molten alcl3 for 3.25 hr with an electrical current of 15.0 a produces ________ g of aluminum metal.
Approximately 200.6 grams of Aluminum will be produced from the electrolysis of molten AlCl3 for 3.25 hours with an electrical current of 15.0 A, as determined through application of Faraday's law of electrolysis.
Explanation:In order to determine the number of grams of aluminum produced from electrolysis of molten AlCl3, we need to use Faraday's law of electrolysis.
Faraday's law states that the amount of substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the number of moles of electrons (or amount of electrical charge) transferred at that electrode. The charge Q in coulombs (C) can be calculated using the formula Q = It, where I is the current in amperes (A) and t is the time in seconds.
For this scenario, we know that the current I is 15.0 A and the time t is 3.25 hours, which needs to be converted to seconds for the equation to work properly (3.25 hr × 3600 s/hr = 11700 s). Hence, Q = 15.0 A × 11700 s = 175500 C.
The quantity of a substance produced in an electrolytic cell is given by the equation m = Q × M / F × n, where M is the molar mass of the substance, F is Faraday's constant (~96485 C/mol), and n is the number of electrons transferred per formula unit of the substance. In this case, M = 26.98 g/mol for Al, n = 3 for Al3+, so m = 175500 C × 26.98 g/mol / (96485 C/mol × 3) = 200.6 g
Therefore, approximately 200.6 g of Aluminum will be produced from the electrolysis of AlCl3 in 3.25 hours with an electrical current of 15.0 A.
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Why would it be incorrect to balance the equation by changing NaOH to Na2OH2 instead of 2NaOH
if hydrogen temperature goes from 50 tp 75 degrees Celsius in 22g sample, how much heat was used? Give explanation!
A.15,730 J
B.23,595 J
C.7865 J
D.550 J
Which type of monomer makes up lipids?
A) monosaccharides
B) triglycerides
C) nucleotides
D) amino acids
Monomers are generally small molecules that make up a long polymeric chain. The monomer for lipids is triglycerides.
What are triglycerides?A triglyceride is an ester consisting of three fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides are the main components of human body fat.
Lipids are made up of long chains of triglycerides.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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What is the energy required to go from liquid to gas called answers?
Answer: Latent Heat of Vaporization
The concentration of the stock solution she needs is 100 milli molar (mm) and she needs to make 1.2 milli liters (ml) solution of the drug-a. the drug is available in a salt form with a molecular weight of 181.6 grams / mole. what is the amount (quantity in grams) of drug-a will she have to weigh-out in order to make the stock solution
If a frog initially contained 2 grams of carbon-14 and the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years, how much carbon-14 remains in the frog after 5,730 years?
Dalton theorized that matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. In what way did the theories of each
of these scientists support or differ from Dalton's theory? K/U
(a) J. J. Thomson
(b) Ernest Rutherford
(c) James Chadwick
Final answer:
J. J. Thomson discovered electrons, Ernest Rutherford found protons, and James Chadwick discovered neutrons, all of which conflicted with Dalton's theory of indivisible atoms.
Explanation:
Dalton's Atomic Theory stated that matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms. However, subsequent scientists' discoveries supported or differed from Dalton's theory in the following ways:
J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of negatively charged particles called electrons, which Dalton's theory did not account for.Ernest Rutherford proposed that electrons orbit a positive nucleus and discovered the presence of positively charged particles called protons in the nucleus. This also conflicted with Dalton's belief in indivisible atoms.James Chadwick further expanded atomic theory by discovering the existence of neutral particles called neutrons, which Dalton had no knowledge of.Which activity most likely involves the direct use of saturated hydrocarbons?
Saturated hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, are utilized in combustion processes for producing heat due to their single carbon-to-carbon bonds.
Saturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkanes, involve the direct use of hydrocarbons with only single carbon-to-carbon bonds. An example of an activity that most likely involves the direct use of saturated hydrocarbons is combustion processes for producing heat. These hydrocarbons are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen.
In the reaction 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O, 80 grams of NaOH reacts with H2SO4 to form _______ grams of Na2SO4. Fill in the blank.
Your answer:
142 g
114 g
33.1 g
250 g
NEED HELP!!!! AND IF YOU KNOW THE ANSWER CAN YOU EXPLAIN IT.
Which best explains why some radioisotopes decay in a decay series? Radioactive materials will always be radioactive. Multiple decays are always required to achieve stability. Some unstable materials decay radioactively into other unstable materials. Unstable materials have varying half-lives.
Answer:
c. Some unstable materials decay radioactively into other unstable materials.
Explanation:
got it correct on edg
identify the type of molecule shown in the picture
The molecule containing a special group attached to its side chain is a fundamental group. The molecules are acid, ether, ester, aldehyde, ketone, amine, and alcohol.
What are functional groups?Functional groups are the specialized molecules that are attached to the main chain and vary the chemical and physical properties of the compound. The molecule containing hydroxide is acid, and the single oxygen atom is ether.
Compound with double-bonded oxygen to alkyl or aromatic group is ester, carbonyl group on carbon with hydrogen and R group is an aldehyde, carbonyl group attached to carbon-containing two alkyl or aromatic groups is a ketone.
The Amine group includes an aromatic or an alkyl group attached to two hydrogens of the nitrogen atom. The alcohol group is the attachment of the -OH group to a carbon-containing hydrogen and R group.
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Carbon disulfide is prepared industrially by reacting carbon with sulfur dioxide according to the above equation. if 5.9 moles of carbon react, how many moles of cs2 are produced?
Answer : The number of moles of carbon sulfide produced are, 1.18 moles.
Explanation : Given,
Moles of carbon = 5.9 moles
The balanced chemical reaction is:
[tex]5C+2SO_2\rightarrow CS_2+4CO[/tex]
From the balanced chemical reaction we conclude that,
As, 5 moles of carbon react to give 1 mole of carbon sulfide
So, 5.9 moles of carbon react to give [tex]\frac{5.9}{5}=1.18[/tex] mole of carbon sulfide
Thus, the number of moles of carbon sulfide produced are, 1.18 moles.
According to the kinetic theory, what is the kinetic energy of a gas molecule proportional to? volume of the gas pressure of the gas temperature of the gas density of the gas
ANSWER: C temperature of the gas
Answer:
(C) The temperature of gas
Explanation:
It's correct for Plato
For a cell whose potential is -0.46 v with 3 moles of electrons exchanged, what is DG?
DG = -nFE°cell
a.) -133 kJ
b.) +133 kJ
c.) +133,170 kJ
d.) -6.65 x 10^-3