Explain two positive environmental impacts of composting.

Final answer:

Emerging research indicating that some sponges are more closely related to other animals than to different sponges calls for revisions to the animal classification system, considering evolutionary history and genetic data.

Explanation:

The research suggesting that one type of sponge is more closely related to non-sponge animals than to other sponges has implications for the classification in the animal kingdom. This suggests that traditional morphological classification systems might need to be revised in light of molecular and genetic evidence that can uncover deeper evolutionary relationships. Hence, the classification system in zoology, which characterizes animals based on anatomy, morphology, evolutionary history, embryological development, and genetic makeup, might need to adapt to new findings, underscoring the dynamic nature of scientific understanding.

The correct answer is A. G1 phase.

Interphase is a part of cell cycle which includes G1, S and G2 phases. G1 phase is also called as first gap phase. During this phase cell grows large in size. It makes copies of cell organelles and makes molecular materials which are required for the later stage of mitotic division.  

Interphase is comprised of three stages which are G1, S, and G2 phases. So the correct answer is option A.

Earlier the interphase was called as the resting phase of the cell. However a cell is not actually resting during the interphase rather the cell prepares itself for the cell division or mitosis during this phase.

During the G1 phase cell growth occurs and synthesis of proteins takes place in the cell. Also there is synthesis of organelles as well an increase in the cytoplasm volume. During the S phase synthesis of DNA takes place. During the G2 phase the cell continues to grow and divides the mitochondria.

So the G1 phase involves an increase in cellular contents of the cell.

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The correct answer is: A. by the sequence of nitrogenous bases

The genetic code is the set of rules which is represented by the specific order of nucleotide bases. It is used by cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA) into proteins. The genetic code consists of nucleotide triplets-codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.

A polymer of nucleotides encodes genetic information by the sequence of nitrogenous bases.

A polymer of nucleotides encodes genetic information by the sequence of nitrogenous bases.

Each nucleotide in DNA or RNA contains a nitrogenous base which can be one of four types: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).

The order or sequence of these nitrogenous bases along the polymer chain determines the genetic code and instructions for cell function.

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The correct answers are:

- background extinction;

The background extinction is an extinction that occurs naturally, and small number of species are affected by it in certain periods. It occurs as a natural way of the evolution of the species.

- mass extinction;

The mass extinction occurs after a massive natural catastrophe that influences the whole planet, or big portion of it. In this type of extinction, the ecosystem changes dramatically because the majority of the species die out in a very short space of time.

The pattern includes background extinction, which does not disturb ecosystems significantly, and mass extinction that drastically alters ecosystems.

The pattern described includes background extinction, which tends not to disturb ecosystems, as well as a mass extinction, in which ecosystems change drastically. Background extinctions generally occur at local scales and do not compromise the overall ecosystem stability. They can even contribute to biodiversity through the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. In contrast, mass extinctions result in sudden and dramatic losses of biodiversity, extensively altering the existing ecosystems and leading to the creation of new ecosystem configurations that can defy prediction. These events have occurred five times in Earth's history, as reflected in the fossil record.

You can buy/use fertilizer products made specifically for the type of vegetable.

Cleo can add several soybean plants to her garden

The spheres of earth that gets influenced by the human caused air pollution which leads to acid rains that dissolves the limestone rocks are atmosphere, geosphere and the hydrosphere.

This is because the atmosphere contains the polluted air which has the components of the acid rain. The acid rains accumulates on the hydrosphere if not collected by the geosphere. The geosphere is the one which is drastically affected by the acid rains as the limestone rocks melts.

atmosphere geosphere hydroshere

step off botch nihha

Answer:

I don’t think that’s a good idea.

Explanation:

assertive

B) IBIB or ii

It means that the blood group of that person is B. so the allele or genotype of that person can be IBIB or ii, homogeneous or heterogeneous.

the answer is c, IBIB or IBi

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing is used in forensic science for it serves as an important tool in determining the recovered damaged, degraded or small sample source of the DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is a small genome that is found in the mitochondria, just outside of the nucleus of the cell.

Answer and Explanation:

   The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has a maternal mode of inheritance and, therefore, geneticists can trace the origins of a DNA sample by analyzing the mtDNA of forensic samples

fungi and/or bacteria

A unicellular organism with a nucleus, cell wall, and ability to produce spores likely belongs to specific kinds of fungi, including yeasts and chytrids. These organisms are eukaryotic and utilize spores for reproduction, allowing them to adapt to various environments.

The unicellular organism that has a nucleus, a cell wall, and the ability to produce spores could be from a few different groups. These characteristics are indicative of eukaryotic unicellular organisms, specifically some fungi like yeasts (which are atypical members of generally multicellular or colonial fungal groups most are cup fungi = Ascomycota) and chytrids (Chytridiomycota, which are a fungal group with some colonial members). Yeasts reproduce asexually through a process known as budding, whereas chytrids can reproduce both sexually and asexually, producing zoospores in the latter method.

Spores are haploid cells that can give rise to haploid multicellular organisms or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell. This characteristic is crucial in the life cycle of these organisms, allowing them to reproduce and spread in various environmental conditions. Specifically, in a process like the one seen in chytrids where the zygospore germinates, it leads to the production of haploid spores through meiosis, which are then capable of generating new haploid, multicellular organisms through germination.

What are the options in the drop down menu and pictures of the organelles?

Answer:

b

Explanation:

After meiosis Four (4) genetically different cells formed.

The meiosis results in four daughter cells that are haploid, which means they contain half the number of chromosomes of the diploid parent cell.

For example:

Answer:

4

Explanation:

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment, including both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) aspects of the environment. It is a very broad definition and the science of ecology tends to overlap other biological sciences.

Answer:

The correct answer is ecology.

Explanation:

The ecology is a branch of biology that deals with the interaction among organisms and its environment. The ecology deals with the living (biotic) and the non living factors (abiotic) present on the earth. In ecology, the interaction between one organism to other and an organism to its environment and the effects of these interactions is studied.

It would make it more difficult for the bats to use echolocation, as the sound from the roads would block their echo.

Noise pollution can interfere with a bat's echolocation by drowning out the echoes they rely on to locate prey, potentially reducing their hunting success. Nevertheless, bats may adapt by changing their behavior or developing more sensitive hearing in response to a noisy environment.

Bats utilize a sophisticated biological adaptation known as echolocation to hunt their prey. This process involves emitting high-frequency sounds and then listening for the echoes that bounce off objects in their environment. Bats use these reflected sound waves to create a sensory 'map' that helps them locate and capture prey even in complete darkness.

When bats are in areas with high levels of noise pollution, such as near heavily trafficked bridges, their ability to hunt using echolocation can be compromised. The ambient noise can interfere with their ability to detect the faint echoes returning from their prey. As more bats congregate in a noisy area, their collective echolocation may become less effective due to the increased ambient sound, which could result in a reduced success rate in hunting.

However, it is also possible that certain bats might adapt their hunting strategies or develop more sensitive hearing to overcome noise pollution. Studies on the impact of noise pollution on bat hunting behaviors would be needed to determine the precise effects.

Oogenesis takes place in the outermost layers of the ovaries and begins with a germ cell called an oogonium. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tube. These processes are critical for sexual reproduction in females.

Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are produced. This process occurs in the outermost layers of the ovaries. It starts with a germ cell known as an oogonium (plural: oogonia), which undergoes mitosis to increase in number. Over time, this leads to the development of up to about one to two million cells in the embryo. In contrast, spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes, which is a completely different location from oogenesis.

As for the process of fertilization, it typically occurs within the uterine tube (also known as the fallopian tube), not in the ovary, uterus, or vagina. Here, the sperm meets and fertilizes the egg, leading to the beginning of pregnancy.

In the light-independent reactions, ribulose-bisphosphate and carbon dioxide react together in the process known as carbon fixation, the reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. In the process, two three-carbon molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate are produced.  

Further, the molecule of glycerate -3-phosphate is reduced to produce triose phosphate by using ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions. Some of the triose phosphates are used to reproduce ribulose-bisphosphate, while some are used to generate starch or glucose.  

Answer:

An attribute that isn't viewed as a sex-connected quality is called an autosomal characteristic.  

Explanation:

A sex-connected characteristic is one that is situated on one of the two sex chromosomes. An autosomal quality is one that is situated on the autosome instead of on one of the two sex chromosomes. Precedents of autosomal characteristics incorporate Cystic Fribrosis and Sickle Cell Anemia. Relating to a chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome. Individuals ordinarily have 22 sets of autosomes in every cell, together with 2 sex chromosomes, X and Y in a male and X and X in a female.

This is predation. A predator-prey relationship. The predator catches the prey, kills and eats it for food.

Answer:

predator/pray

Explanation:

i did it on study island

An example of passive transport is osmosis. It is the only transport that doesn't require ATP to move something.

When a cell passes the G1 checkpoint it enters the S phase of the cell cycle. During this phase DNA is replicated, so the answer is C

a. the length of the longest possible leech is 10mm plus 3*2*2mm = 22mm (if all of 8 alleles are dominant at 3 gene loci)

b. The genotype of the longest leech is AABBCC and the genotype of the shortest is aabbccc

P: AABBCC x aabbcc

F1:AaBbCc (3 dominant alleles 3*2mm) 10+6=16mm

c. F1: AaBbCc x AaBbCc

F2: 1/64 is the probability that F2 offspring will be as long as the longest parent from the P generation

19/64 is the probability that the F2 offspring will be the same length as one of their

parents

d. genotype that would have the same phenotype as AaBBCc is AabbCC  or aaBbCC…(all with three dominant alleles)

e. The correct answer is Autosomal Dominant Inheritance.

The longest possible leech will be 22mm long.

As the baseline length of an leech is 10mm and six allele are coding for and each allele is adding  2 mm in it so the possible longest leech will be 22mm long.

The possible length of their F1 generations will be 16mm.

As we are mating the longest and shortest possible leeches so the possible genotype of the next generation will be having three dominant alleles so their length will be 16mm long.

When F1 mate each other then the probability of their next generation having the off springs with P1 length is 0.015625 and the probability of F2 having the same length as parent is 0.328125.

AaBbCC or AABBcc or AAbBcC

These all genotypes will have the same phenotype as AaBBCc

This leech is simply showing the effect of genotype directly on its phenotype. It is also shows the phenomenon of independent assortment. Because every allele is independently showing their effect.

Buffer controls the sudden change in the solution

Buffer prevents the sudden change in the pH. They keep the pH of the solution nearly constant. For example, in human Buffer solution helps to regulate the pH of human blood.  The normal pH of the human blood is nearly 7.35 to 7.45 and a little change in this pH many leads the serious problems. Carbonic and bicarbonate buffers play a role in maintaining the acid base balance of the blood.

B chloroplasts. Because cilia is something found in both of the cells, an same goes for mitochondria and ribosomes.

it is going to be B

Hello!

To answer this question we need to understand the different groupings of climate zones.

Of these different types, they can be broken into smaller climate zones such as

Based off research, we learn that Dry climates cover nearly 30% of Earth's surface. Making them the largest climatic zone!

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down in ten steps to two molecules of pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondria where it is oxidized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to carbon dioxide and water. Glycolysis can be split into two phases, both of which occur in the cytology.

Glycolysis is the process thet breaks down glucose to create two molecules of pyruvic acid. It is the ten steps process in which glucose is break down into pyruvate . Glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm. There is net gain of 2 ATP in the process of glycolysis. Pyruvic acid is the simplest of the alpha - keto acids.

Part A:

Monomers of proteins : aminoacids

An amino acid is an organic acids containing an amine group.. Such organic compounds therefore have both a carboxyl group -COOH and an amine group, for example a primary amine -NH 2 or a secondary amine -NH-. In the living world, about 500 amino acids are known, of which about 149 are present in proteins.

In biochemistry, α-amino acids play a crucial role in the structure, metabolism and physiology of cells of all known living organisms as constituents of peptides and proteins.

Monomers of nucleic acids: nucleotides.

A nucleotide is an organic molecule that is the building block of a nucleic acid such as DNA or RNA. It is composed of a nucleic base (or nitrogenous base), a five-carbon monosaccharide, called the pentose, whose association forms a nucleoside, and finally one to three phosphate groups.

A nucleotide is composed of three parts:

* A nucleotide variable depending on the type of nucleotide (purine or pyrimidine) attached to the carbon 1 'of deoxyribose;

* a sugar with five carbon atoms;

a phosphate group (or phosphoric acid), identical for the nucleotides of DNA and RNA, attached to the 5 'carbon atom of the deoxyribose, and to the 3' carbon atom of the nucleotide deoxyribose following).

Since phosphates and sugars are always the same in a given nucleic acid, the nature of the nucleotide is determined by the nucleic base it contains. The sequence of a strand of DNA or RNA can therefore be summarized in the succession of nucleic bases present. The five main nucleotides are named according to their nucleic base.

Part B:

Role of DNA and his relation with proteins:

A protein is an assembly of amino acids.

The DNA is contained in the chromosomes and formed of nucleotides (nitrogenous base, phosphate and deoxyribose which is a sugar).

These two entities are linked by a very important but implicit link. We will discover it little by little.

Chromosomes consist of DNA.

DNA is a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA is in the nucleus while the proteins are in the cytoplasm of the cell.

DNA contains genes, since it constitutes chromosomes. The role of genes is to make proteins so that they can act in cells. It must be taken into consideration that there are several types of proteins. It should be known that DNA can not act alone to renew the "stock" of proteins of the cell.

There is an intermediate nucleic acid between DNA and the proteins that is RNA.

This intermediate could be a particular molecule: RNA. Indeed, during the synthesis of a protein in the cytoplasm, the ribosomes (organelles where the protein synthesis takes place) are aligned along an RNA molecule.

Take the image of DNA as a computer. This computer contains files, unreadable data, here the genetic information, that takes a USB key (the messenger RNA). This done, this key comes out of the nucleus through the pores of the nuclear envelope and gives its data and files taken from a machine, which symbolizes the ribosome, which will organize the information received to create many different objects, proteins, according to the information it receives, being itself a protein.

Role of the protein in the cell.

In the body, proteins play essential roles:

*They play a structural role and participate in the renewal of muscle tissue, integuments (hair, nails, hair), bone matrix, skin, etc.

*They participate in many physiological processes, for example in the form of digestive enzymes, hemoglobin, hormones, receptors or immunoglobulins (antibodies).

They are, moreover, the only source of nitrogen in the body.

Prokaryotic: has no nucleus, has no mitochondria.

Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus, contain membrane bound organelles and divide through mitosis and meiosis

The answer id "D"

If a child has a hereditary gene and neither the Mom or Dad had it, it means it came from higher up in the family tree like the Moms Dad or mom or the dads grandma.

Answer:

B. A son will be color blind because the mother is a carrier of the recessive allele.

Explanation:

Since color blindness is caused by a disturbance in the sex chromosome X, we can define the expression of the genes of this disorder as follows:

[tex]X^DX^D[/tex] - Normal woman

[tex]X^DX^d[/tex] - Normal woman carrying the recessive gene

[tex]X^dX^d[/tex] - Colorblind woman

[tex]X^DY[/tex] - Normal man

[tex]X^dY[/tex] - Colorblind man

As the father can only donate one X chromosome and it is dominant (D), the son can only be color blind [tex](X^dY)[/tex] if he receives the X chromosome from the mother carrying the recessive allele (d).

A selectively permeable membrane allows SOME but not ALL materials to cross.

Prokaryotes:

- No nucleus

- Surrounded by cell wall

- Reproduces asexually

- No membrane-bound organelles

- Circular DNA

Eukaryotes:

- Found on chromosomes

- Have linear DNA

- Has organelles