[tex]\boxed{{\text{No precipitate will be formed}}}[/tex] in [tex]2{\text{NaCl}} + {\text{Ba}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_2} \to {\text{BaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + 2{\text{NaOH}}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{{\text{AgI}}}[/tex] is the precipitate formed in [tex]{\text{AgCl}}{{\text{O}}_3} + {\text{Mg}}{{\text{I}}_2} \to {\text{AgI}} + {\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{Cl}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_2}[/tex]
Further Explanation:
Precipitation reaction:
It is the type of reaction in which an insoluble salt is formed by the combination of two solutions containing soluble salts. That insoluble salt is known as precipitate and therefore such reactions are named precipitation reactions. An example of precipitation reaction is,
[tex]{\text{AgN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{KBr}}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{AgBr}}\left( s \right) + {\text{KN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]
Here, AgBr is a precipitate.
The solubility rules to determine the solubility of the compound are as follows:
1. The common compounds of group 1A are soluble.
2. All the common compounds of ammonium ion and all acetates, chlorides, nitrates, bromides, iodides, and perchlorates are soluble in nature. Only the chlorides, bromides, and iodides of [tex]{\text{A}}{{\text{g}}^ + }[/tex], [tex]{\text{P}}{{\text{b}}^{2 + }}[/tex], [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{\text{Hg}}_2^{2 + }[/tex] are not soluble.
3. All common fluorides, except for [tex]{\text{Pb}}{{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] and group 2A fluorides, are soluble. Moreover, sulfates except [tex]{\text{CaS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex], [tex]{\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex], [tex]{\text{BaS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex], [tex]{\text{A}}{{\text{g}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{PbS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex] are soluble.
4. All common metal hydroxides except [tex]{\text{Ca}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}[/tex], [tex]{\text{Sr}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}[/tex], [tex]{\text{Ba}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}[/tex] and hydroxides of group 1A, are insoluble.
5. All carbonates and phosphates, except those formed by group 1A and ammonium ion, are insoluble.
6. All sulfides, except those formed by group 1A, 2A, and ammonium ion are insoluble.
7. Salts that contain [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex], [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] or [tex]{{\text{I}}^ - }[/tex] are usually soluble except for the halide salts of [tex]{\text{A}}{{\text{g}}^ + }[/tex], [tex]{\text{P}}{{\text{b}}^{2 + }}[/tex] and [tex]{\left( {{\text{H}}{{\text{g}}_2}} \right)^{{\text{2 + }}}}[/tex].
8. The chlorides, bromides, and iodides of all the metals are soluble in water, except for silver, lead, and mercury (II). Mercury (II) iodide is water insoluble. Lead halides are soluble in hot water.
9. The perchlorates of group 1A and group 2A are soluble in nature.
(1) The given reaction is as follows:
[tex]2{\text{NaCl}} + {\text{Ba}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_2} \to {\text{BaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + 2{\text{NaOH}}[/tex]
This is an example of a double displacement reaction in which two ionic compounds are exchanged with each other and two new compounds are formed. [tex]{\text{BaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] and NaOH are soluble salts according to the solubility rules. So no precipitate will be formed in this reaction.
(2) The given reaction is as follows:
[tex]{\text{AgCl}}{{\text{O}}_3} + {\text{Mg}}{{\text{I}}_2} \to {\text{AgI}} + {\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{Cl}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_2}[/tex]
According to the solubility rules, AgI is an insoluble salt. The perchlorates of group 2 are soluble in nature and therefore [tex]{\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{Cl}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_2}[/tex] is soluble in water. So AgI forms the precipitate in the above reaction.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Chemical reaction and equation
Keywords: precipitation reaction, precipitate, insoluble, soluble, AgI, AgClO3, Mg(ClO3)2, MgI2, NaCl, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, NaOH, solubility rules, halides, sulfides.
what kind of electrochemical cell might likely be used for a task such a electroplating?
Suppose that a catalyst lowers the activation barrier of a reaction from 125 kj/mol to 57 kj/mol . by what factor would you expect the reaction rate to increase at 25 âc? (assume that the frequency factors for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions are identical.)
Factor would you expect the reaction rate to increase at 25 C is [tex]1.8*10^{12}[/tex]
Explanation:Suppose that a catalyst lowers the activation barrier of a reaction from 125 kj/mol to 57 kj/mol . Assume that the frequency factors for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions are identical: by what factor would you expect the reaction rate to increase at 25 C?
Catalysis is process of increasing the chemical reaction rate by adding a substance known as catalyst. Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. Activation energy is the energy which must be provided to a chemical or nuclear system with potential reactants to result in chemical reaction, nuclear reaction, etc
The rates of reaction question in Kelvin [tex]25 C = 273 + 25 = 298 K[/tex]
The rate constants under catalysed and non‐catalysed conditions:
Catalysed: [tex]k_{cat} = A e^{\frac{-Ea(cat)}{RT} } = A e^{\frac{‐55000}{(8.314 x 298)}} = A e^{-22.2}[/tex]
Uncatalysed: [tex]k_{uncat} = A e^{\frac{-Ea(uncat)}{RT} } = A e^{\frac{‐125000}{8.314* 298} } = A e^{-50.4}[/tex]
Ratio of catalysed to uncatalysed reaction rates is
[tex]\frac{k_{cat}}{k_{uncat}} = \frac{Ae^{-22.2}}{Ae^{-50.4}}[/tex]
The A values are the same for both processes, therefore [tex]\frac{A}{A} = 1[/tex]
[tex]\frac{k_{cat}}{k_{uncat}} =\frac{e^_{-22.2}}{e^{-50.4}} = 1.8 * 10^{12}[/tex]
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The factor by which reaction rate is more in the presence of catalyst as compared to uncatalysed reaction is 1.8 × 10¹².
What is Arrhenius equation?From the Arrhenius equation, we can calculate the effect of chnage in the activation energy as well as of temperature on the rate of the reaction.
Arrhenius equation will be represented as:
[tex]k = Ae^{-Ea/RT}[/tex], where
k = rate constant
A = frequency factor = 1 (given)
Ea = activation energy
R = universal gas constant = 8.314 J/ mol.K
T = temperature = 25 degree celsius = 298 K
Rate of reaction in the presence of catalyst will be calculated as:Activation energy = 57 kJ/mol = 57000 J/mol
[tex]k1 = e^{-57000/8.314\times 298}[/tex] = [tex]e^{-22} \\[/tex]
Rate of reaction in the absence of catalyst will be calculated as:Activation eneregy = 125 kJ/mol = 125000 J/mol
[tex]k2 = e^{-125000/8.314\times 298}[/tex] = [tex]e^{-50.4}[/tex]
Ratio of both the rates will be :
k1/k2 = [tex]e^{-22} \\[/tex] / [tex]e^{-50.4}[/tex] = 1.8 × 10¹²
Hence, the rate is 1.8 × 10¹² times more.
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What kind of chemical reaction does the chemical equation sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride represent?
Answer: This chemical reaction is defined as synthesis reaction.
Explanation:
Synthesis reaction is defined as the reaction in which two or more substances combine in their elemental state to produce a single compound.
The general chemical equation representing this reaction is:
[tex]A+B\rightarrow AB[/tex]
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]2Na(s)+Cl_2(g)\rightarrow 2NaCl(s)[/tex]
Hence, this chemical reaction is defined as synthesis reaction.
Epirical formula of P4O10
Consider this reaction: 2al(s) + 3 cucl2(aq) → 2alcl3(aq) + 3 cu(s) if the concentration of cucl2 drops from 1.000 m to 0.655 m in the first 30.0 s of the reaction, what is the average rate of reaction over this time interval?
Which excerpt from amy tan's "fish cheeks" is most clearly an example of conflict?
a.robert and his family waited patiently for platters to be passed to them. my relatives murmured with pleasure when my mother brought out the whole steamed fish.
b.it wasn't until many years later — long after i had gotten over my crush on robert — that i was able to fully appreciate her lesson and the true purpose behind our particular menu.
c.the kitchen was littered with appalling mounds of raw food: a slimy rock cod with bulging eyes that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil. tofu, which looked like stacked wedges of rubbery white sponges.
d.and then they arrived — the minister's family and all my relatives in a clamor of doorbells and rumpled christmas packages. robert grunted hello, and i pretended he was not worthy of existence?
the correct
answer is D
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) reacts with acetic acid (CH3COOH) to form sodium acetate (NaCH3COO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). A chemist carries out this reaction in a bomb calorimeter. The reaction causes the temperature of a bomb calorimeter to decrease by 0.985 K. The calorimeter has a mass of 1.500 kg and a specific heat of 2.52 J/g•K. What is the heat of reaction for this system?
The heat of reaction for this system can be calculated using the formula: Heat of reaction = mass of the calorimeter x specific heat of the calorimeter x change in temperature.
Explanation:The heat of the reaction for this system can be calculated using the formula:
Heat of reaction = mass of the calorimeter x specific heat of the calorimeter x change in temperature.
Plugging in the given values:
mass of the calorimeter = 1.500 kgspecific heat of the calorimeter = 2.52 J/g•K (converting to kg: 2.52 J/g•K / 1000 g = 0.00252 J/kg•K)change in temperature = 0.985 KUsing the formula, we can calculate:
Heat of reaction = 1.500 kg x 0.00252 J/kg•K x 0.985 K = 0.0037072 J
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Please explain your answer!
Thanks!
The reform reaction between steam and gaseous methane ( ch4 ) produces "synthesis gas," a mixture of carbon monoxide gas and dihydrogen gas. synthesis gas is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals, and is the major industrial source of hydrogen. suppose a chemical engineer studying a new catalyst for the reform reaction finds that 159. liters per second of methane are consumed when the reaction is run at 294.°c and 0.86atm . calculate the rate at which dihydrogen is being produced. give your answer in kilograms per second. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The rate of the dihydrogen production is 0.0175 kg/sec for the given reaction.
The given reaction
[tex]\bold {CH_4 + H_2O \rightarrow CO + 3H_2}[/tex]
One mole of Methane is react with one mole of water to form 1 mole of CO and 3 moles of Hydrogen.
The rate of hydrogen production can be calculated from ideal gas law
[tex]\bold {pV = nRT}[/tex]
Where,
p- pressure = 0,86 atm · 101,325 kPa/atm = 87,14 kPa.
V- volume of methane = 159 L
T - temperature= 294°C = 567 K.
R - gas constant = 8,314 J/K·mol.
n - number of moles = ?
Put the values in the formula, sole it for n,
[tex]\bold{n(CH₄) = \dfrac {pV} {RT}}\\\\\bold {n(CH₄) = \dfrac {87,14 kPa \times 159 L} {8,314 J/K.mol \times 567 K}.}\\\\\bold {n(CH₄) = 2,93 mol}[/tex]
Since, the molar ratio of methane to hydrogen is 3:1.
SO,
[tex]\bold {n(H_2) = 2,93 mol \times 3 }\\\\\bold {n (H_2) = 8,79 mol.}\\[/tex]
Hence, the mass of the dihydrogen produced,
[tex]\bold{ m(H_2) = 8.79 mol \times 2 g/mol.}\\\\\bold {m(H_2) = 17.58 g \times 0.001 kg/g}\\\\\bold {m(H_2) = 0.01758 kg}[/tex]
Therefore, the rate of the dihydrogen production is 0.0175 kg/sec for the given reaction.
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The MOST common mineral in Earth's outer layer is _____. A. mica B. pyrite C. calcite D. feldspar
Write the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction: h2so4 (aq) → 2h+ (aq) + so−24 (aq)
Answer:
[tex]Keq =\frac{[H+]^{2} [SO4^{2-}]^{2} }{[H2SO4]}[/tex]
Explanation:
The equilibrium constant K is a parameter that relates the concentration of products to that of the reactants at equilibrium and under a given temperature.
Consider a hypothetical reaction:
xA + yB ↔ zC
where A and B are the reactants ; C is the product
x and y are the coefficients of the reactants; z is the product coefficient
The equilibrium constant is given as:
[tex]Keq = \frac{[C]^{z} }{[A]^{x}[B]^{y}}[/tex]
The given reaction is:
[tex]H2SO4(aq)\rightleftharpoons 2H+(aq)+ SO_{4}^{2-}(aq)[/tex]
[tex]Keq =\frac{[H+]^{2} [SO4^{2-}]^{2}}{[H2SO4]}[/tex]
A 225 g sample of french fries supplies 460 kilocalories of energy. 65% of those calories come from fat, which supplies 9 kilocalories of energy per gram. How many grams of fat are in the french fries?
Answer:
33 g
Explanation:
A 225 g sample of french fries supplies 460 kilocalories of energy. 65% (0.65) of those calories come from fat. The kilocalories coming from fat are:
460 kcal × 0.65 = 299 kcal
9 kilocalories of energy are supplied per gram of fat. The grams of fat that supply 299 kcal are:
299 kcal × (1 g fat/ 9 kcal) = 33 g
Calculate the mass percent of oxygen in chromium(iii) carbonate. round your answer to the nearest percentage.
Answer:
The percentage is 50.7%
Explanation:
The formula of chromium (III) carbonate is (Cr₂(CO₃)₃)
Let us calculate the molar mass of (Cr₂(CO₃)₃)
molar mass of (Cr₂(CO₃)₃) =
2X atomic mass of Cr + 3X atomic mass of C + 9X atomic mass of O
molar mass of (Cr₂(CO₃)₃) = 2X 52 + 3X12 +9X16 = 284g/mol
As per the formula there are nine moles of oxygen in each mole of (Cr₂(CO₃)₃).
so we can say that
In 284g of (Cr₂(CO₃)₃) the mass of oxygen = 144g
so 1 g of (Cr₂(CO₃)₃) the mass of oxygen = [tex]\frac{144}{284}=0.507g[/tex]
Therefore
the mass of oxygen in 100g of(Cr₂(CO₃)₃) =0.507X100=50.7
Thus percentage of Oxygen in (Cr₂(CO₃)₃) =50.7%
Chemical equation for:
Cuprite, copper(I) oxide
Chalcocite, copper(I) sulfide
Covellite, copper(II) sulfide
Gold has a molar (atomic) mass of 197 g/mol. consider a 2.47 g sample of pure gold vapor. (a) calculate the number of moles of gold present
What volume of a 0.716 m kbr solution is needed to provide 30.5 g of kbr?
Answer:
V_{solution}=0.355L
Explanation:
Hello,
Potassium bromide moles are computed as:
[tex]n_{KBr}=30.5gKBr*\frac{1molKBr}{119.9gKBr}=0.254gKBr[/tex]
Now, by recalling the molarity formula and solving for the volume, one obtains:
[tex]M=\frac{n_{KBr}}{V_{solution}} \\V_{solution}=\frac{n_{KBr}}{M}\\V_{solution}=\frac{0.254mol}{0.716mol/L}\\ V_{solution}=0.355L[/tex]
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A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a
1. Compound
2.solid
3.pure substance
4.homogeneous mixture
5. Heterogeneous mixture.
A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a heterogeneous mixture, where you can distinguish between the different components - the sand settles at the bottom, the water above it, and the salt dissolves in the water but can still be separated.
Explanation:A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. This is because in a heterogeneous mixture, the individual components can be visibly distinguished. Sand, salt, and water are each physically distinct within the mixture. For instance, if you look closely at such a mixture in a clear glass, you would see the sand settling at the bottom, the water above it, and the salt would have dissolved in the water but could still be separated by means of evaporation.
This is different from a homogeneous mixture, where all the components are evenly distributed and cannot be visually distinguished, such as salt fully dissolved in water. It's also not a compound, where different elements are chemically combined and cannot be separated by physical methods. Nor is it a pure substance which consists of only one type of atom, element, or compound. Finally, it's not just a solid because it contains both solid (sand, salt) and liquid (water) states of matter.
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5(1-8r)+8r the awnser
How many moles of copper are 4.57 x 1013 atoms of copper?
Taking into account the definition of avogadro's number, 7.59×10⁻¹¹ moles of copper are 4.57×10¹³ atoms of copper.
Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.
Then you can apply the following rule of three: if 6.023×10²³ atoms are contained in 1 mole of copper, then 4.57×10¹³ atoms are contained in how many moles of copper?
amount of moles of copper= (4.57×10¹³ atoms × 1 mole)÷ 6.023×10²³ atoms
amount of moles of copper= 7.59×10⁻¹¹ moles
Finally, 7.59×10⁻¹¹ moles of copper are 4.57×10¹³ atoms of copper.
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https://brainly.com/question/11907018?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/1445383?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/1528951?referrer=searchResultsGenes help determine a person's traits or characteristics. scientific investigations into genes have helped scientists solve major societal issues. which issue would most likely benefit from these investigations?
A. treating inherited diseases
B. improving nutrition
C. preventing food borne illness
D. accessing clean drinking water
Answer:
The correct answer is option A, that is, treating inherited diseases.
Explanation:
Genetic testing comprises testing the DNA, that is, the chemical database, which conducts instructions for the functions of the body. Investigation of genes can demonstrate modifications in the genes, which may lead to a disease or illness.
If someone is exhibiting signs of a disease, which may be a result of genetic modifications, also known as mutated genes. Then in such cases, the examination of genes can show if one is exhibiting a suspected disorder. For example, genetic testing may be done to confirm a diagnosis of Huntington's disease or cystic fibrosis.
Phosphoric acid has 3 pka values, which are 2.1, 6.9, and 12.4. draw the protonated form of phosphoric acid associated with the reaction whose pka value is 12.4. draw only one resonance form. do not draw lone electron pairs.
Because the rock is irregularly shaped, you used the (______) method to measure its volume.
A. Addition
B. Direct
C. Displacement
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. "Displacement".
Explanation:
The displacement method for measuring volume consist in measuring the amount of water that an object displaces when is submerged in a defined amount of water. This is an indirect method which is particularly useful to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects, such as the rock stated in the question.
How many grams of silver bromide could dissolve in one liter of 0.350 molar sodium thiosulfate solution?
Alanine, h2nch(ch3)co2h, has ka = 4.5 10–3 and kb = 7.4 10–5 . which species has the highest concentration at a ph of 7.00 in h2o?
A solution of hcl in water conducts electricity, but a solution of hcl in chloroform, chcl3, does not. what does this observation tell you about how hcl exists in water and how it exists in chloroform?
Explanation:
A polar covalent bond is formed due to unequal sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
For example, HCl is a polar covalent compound.
This is because of the difference in electronegativities of both hydrogen and chlorine, partial opposite charges tend to develop on the hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Whereas [tex]CHCl_{3}[/tex] is a non-polar compound and when HCl is added to it then HCl being polar in nature is unable to dissolve.
On the other hand, water is a polar compound and when HCl is dissolved in it then it will dissociate into hydrogen and chlorine ions.
As electricity is the flow of ions or electrons. Therefore, HCl in water is able to conduct electricity because it dissociates into ions.
Therefore, we can conclude that HCl in water exists as [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions. And, HCl in [tex]CHCl_{3}[/tex] exists as HCl.
Calculate the concentration of chloride ions in a saturated lead
The concentration of chloride ions in a saturated lead solution can be calculated using the given solubility and the stoichiometry of the dissolution reaction. The concentration is determined to be 1.3 × 10-6 M.
Explanation:The concentration of chloride ions in a saturated solution is determined by the solubility product constant, Ksp, and the solubility of the particular compound. Using the provided information, the concentration of chloride ions is given as [Cl] = 7.6 × 10-³ M initially. However, with further calculations by applying quadratic equation and taking into account the dissolution stoichiometry, it is found that the concentration of chloride ions in the solution is [Cl] = 1.3 × 10-6 M. The composition of chlorine in its isotopic form is also considered which consists of 75.76% 35Cl and 24.24% 37Cl. Hence, consider all these factors when calculating the concentration of ions in a solution.
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When 12.6 grams of carbon monoxide is allowed to react with 5.22 grams of oxygen gas how many grams of carbon monoxide are formed?
Will the ph of a solution of kclo4 be >7, <7, or =7?
A generic gas, x, is placed in a sealed glass jar and decomposes to form gaseous y and solid z. 2x(g)↽−−⇀y(g)+z(s) how are these equilibrium quantities affected by the initial amount of x(g) placed in the container? assume constant temperature.
Formation of Y and Z directly depends on initial amount of X present.
Further Explanation:
Le Chatelier’s principle:
This states that any change in pressure, temperature or concentration in any reaction that is present in equilibrium tends to shift equilibrium in such direction that reverses the effect of changed quantity in reaction.
Given reaction occurs as follows:
[tex]2\text{X(g)}\rightleftharpoons\text{Y(g)}+\text{Z(g)}[/tex]
According to this reaction, two moles of X decompose to form one mole of Y and one mole of Z.
Amounts of Y and Z formed during the given reaction depend on initial amount of X present. More the amount of X, higher will be formation of products Y and Z and vice-versa. So if amount of X is increased, equilibrium will tend to shift in direction that reverses this effect. This is done only by increased consumption of X that results in more formation of products. Therefore more amounts of Y and Z are formed if initial amount of X is increased and formation of Y and Z decreases if initial amount of X is decreased.
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Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Chemical Equilibrium
Keywords: Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium, shift, direction, X, Y, Z, 2X, pressure, temperature, concentration, consumption, increase, decrease, two moles, one mole.
Final answer:
The initial amount of gas x does not affect the equilibrium quantities at a constant temperature. The concentration of solid z is constant and it is omitted from the equilibrium expression, meaning only gaseous reactants y and products are considered. The equilibrium position is dependent on the partial pressures of the gases, set by the equilibrium constant for given temperature conditions.
Explanation:
When a generic gas x decomposes in a sealed glass jar to form gaseous y and solid z following the reversible reaction 2x(g) ⇌ y(g) + z(s), the initial amount of x(g) does not affect the equilibrium quantities. This is established by Le Chatelier’s Principle and the concept of equilibrium constants. In a heterogeneous equilibrium like this, where a solid is involved, the concentration of the solid remains constant and it is omitted from the equilibrium expression. Only the concentrations of the gaseous reactants and products are variable and are included in the expression.
The equilibrium composition in the gas phase at a constant temperature remains the same, regardless of the initial amount of x(g). This is because the solid z(s) does not appear in the equilibrium constant expression and does not have a concentration that changes. What really matters for the position of equilibrium is the ratio of the concentrations (partial pressures) of the gaseous reactants and products, something that is fixed by the equilibrium constant at a given temperature.
Moreover, the system’s response to a change in volume or pressure depends on the stoichiometry of the gaseous components according to their molar quantities. In a reaction where the total molar amounts of reactants and products are equal, a change in volume does not shift the equilibrium. If the molar amounts are different, a volume change will shift the equilibrium in a direction that accommodates the volume change. However, as the temperature is held constant in this scenario, volume changes are not being considered, simplifying the analysis of the system.
Which bond in the acetic acid molecule is the most polar?
The most polar bond in acetic acid is [tex]\boxed{{\text{O - H bond}}}[/tex].
Further explanation:
Electronegativity:
The tendency of an atom to attract the shared electrons in the bond towards itself is known as electronegativity. The more electronegative atom will more attract the bonding electrons towards itself than the less electronegative one.
Higher the electronegativity value of the element more will be its tendency to accept an electron towards itself.
A polar bond is defined as a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons that form the bond are unequally distributed. This is reason for the positive charge at one end and the negative charge at other end.
The bond or the molecular polarities are related to the electronegativity of the atoms or the molecules. The polarity of a bond is given by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms that form polar bond
The factors on which the polarity of bonds depends are as follows:
1) Relative electronegativity of participating atoms:
Since the bond polarity involves pulling of electrons towards itself, hence a more electronegative element will be able to attract the electrons more towards it. As a result, the electrons will definitely move towards the more electronegative element.
2) The spatial arrangement of various bonds in the atom:
The shared pair of electrons also experience pulling force from the other bonded and non-bonded pair of electrons. This results in different bond polarities between same participating atoms that are present in different molecules. For example, bond polarity of O-H bond in a water molecule and acetic acid molecule is different. This is due to the different spatial arrangements of various bonds in the molecule.
Acetic acid also called as ethanoic acid is a colorless organic compound. It consists of methyl group that is bonded to carboxyl group.
The structure of acetic acid is attached in the image.
In acetic acid, two oxygen atoms are present in which one oxygen atom is double-bonded to carbon atom, and another one is single bonded to the carbon atom. Also, oxygen is bonded to hydrogen.
As oxygen is electronegative, the two oxygen atoms draw electron density away from the O-H bond and make the bond polar. Also, the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen is high due to which electrons are attracted towards oxygen and make the bond most polar.
Hence, in acetic acid O-H bond is most polar.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Organic compounds
Keywords: acetic acid, polar bond, polarity, electronegativity, O-H bond, CH3COOH, and carboxylic group.
Final answer:
The O-H bond in acetic acid is the most polar due to a large difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen.
Explanation:
The bond in the acetic acid molecule CH3COOH that is the most polar is the O-H bond. This polarization is due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen (3.5) and hydrogen (2.1), which is 1.4 according to the Pauling scale. This significant difference leads to a highly polar covalent bond, meaning the electrons are more attracted to the oxygen atom, giving it a partial negative charge and the hydrogen a partial positive charge.