The value of ΔG' for this reaction can be determined using the equation ΔG' = -RTln(Keq), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Keq is the equilibrium constant. The addition of α-ketoglutarate will result in a shift in equilibrium to maintain a constant Keq. The new equilibrium concentrations can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression and algebraic calculations.
Explanation:The value of ΔG' for a reaction can be determined using the equation: ΔG' = -RTln(Keq), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Keq is the equilibrium constant. Since the system has settled down and no net reaction is occurring, the reaction is at equilibrium. Thus, we can use the given equilibrium constant value (Keq′ = 2.82) to calculate ΔG'.
Initially, the concentrations of glutamate and oxaloacetate are 10 mM each, and the concentration of α-ketoglutarate is 25 mM at equilibrium. When an additional 25 mM of α-ketoglutarate is added, the equilibrium will shift to the left to maintain equilibrium. This means that the concentration of α-ketoglutarate will decrease while the concentrations of glutamate and oxaloacetate increase. However, the equilibrium constant Keq remains the same.
To calculate the new equilibrium concentrations, we can use the equation: Keq = ([α-ketoglutarate][aspartate])/([glutamate][oxaloacetate]). We'll let x represent the change in concentration of α-ketoglutarate. The new concentrations will be: [α-ketoglutarate] = (25 - x) mM, [aspartate] = x mM, [glutamate] = 10 + x mM, [oxaloacetate] = 10 + x mM.
Now, we can substitute these concentrations into the equilibrium constant expression: 2.82 = ((25 - x)x)/((10 + x)(10 + x)).
Using algebra, we can solve for x, which represents the change in α-ketoglutarate concentration. Once we determine the value of x, we can substitute it back into the concentrations to find the new equilibrium concentrations. Finally, we can plug these new equilibrium concentrations back into the equation ΔG' = -RTln(Keq) to calculate the value of ΔG'.
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After the addition of α-ketoglutarate, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG') for the reaction is calculated to be approximately 1.417 kJ/mol.
To answer this question, we need to calculate the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG') after the addition of α-ketoglutarate using the reaction's equilibrium constant and the concentrations at equilibrium.
We start with the given equilibrium constant: Keq' = 2.82.At equilibrium, the concentrations of glutamate, oxaloacetate, and α-ketoglutarate are provided, and we are adding 25 mM more α-ketoglutarate, making its total concentration 50 mM.Using the reaction quotient (Q) for the adjusted concentrations:Q = [α-ketoglutarate] [aspartate] / [glutamate][oxaloacetate]
Given α-ketoglutarate = 50 mM, glutamate = 10 mM, oxaloacetate = 10 mM, and assuming aspartate = 10 mM at equilibrium:
Q = (50 mM) (10 mM) / (10 mM) (10 mM) = 5
Next, use ΔG' = ΔG°' + RT ln(Q/Keq'):
Given ΔG°' = 0 (since Keq' reflects equilibrium conditions) and RT as the product of gas constant (approximately 2.478 kJ/mol at 298 K):
ΔG' = RT ln (5 / 2.82) = 2.478 kJ/mol x ln (1.773) = 2.478 kJ/mol x 0.572 = 1.417 kJ/mol
Thus, the value of ΔG' after the addition of α-ketoglutarate is approximately 1.417 kJ/mol.
what are at least two things people can do today to help protect Earth and reduce levels of CO2.
What is it called when people your age influence how you act or what you do?
A. A healthy friendship
B. Peer pressure
C. Railroading
D. Self-involvement
It is called peer pressure when people your age influence how you act or what you do and the correct option is option B.
What is peer pressure?Peer pressure is the process by which members of the same social group influence other members to do things that they may be resistant to, or might not otherwise choose to do.
Essentially, the person or group doing the pressuring aims to force someone else to do something they do not want to do, or would not do otherwise.
Peer pressure can be either a positive or negative influence that one peer, or group of peers, has on another person.
Therefore, It is called peer pressure when people your age influence how you act or what you do and the correct option is option B.
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How did humans and animals adapt/survive to hurricane Katrina? AND Give examples of organisms that could not adapt/survive? PLS ANSWER HELP 100 POINTS
Hello!
Most people/ animals died from Hurricane Katrina. 600,000 pets died from the devastating hurricane and 1,833 people died. People adapted by getting to higher ground and doing what you can to survive. Animals unfortunately didn't have the capabilities to climb upon houses and such. They don't have arms and legs like humans do, so many animals died. Animals that died are : cows, dogs, cats, and such on. 80% of New Orleans was under water and up to 20 ft deep in some places.
Hope it helps!
Choose all of the answers that are correct when describing this atom.
This atom is chlorine.
This atom is bromine.
The mass of this atom is 52 amu.
This atom has an overall charge of 0.
The mass of this atom is 69 amu.
Choose all that apply
Answer:
This atom is chlorine.
The mass of this atom is 35 amu.
This atom has an overall charge of 0.
ExplanatiI GOT IT RIGHT
Sarah performs an experiment to see whether bees prefer red flowers or yellow flowers. Look at this table of results from the What is the independent variable?.
it's c.color of flower
If the reaction uses 140 grams of iron, how much rust could be produced?
Through a process is known as electrolysis, water can be split into hydrogen and oxygen. What type of reaction is this? Give an explanation for your choice.
Which is the BEST example of refraction? A) An image appears that is exactly like the real object. B) When put into a container, two mediums do not mix together. C) A laser beam looks bent when it passes through glass blocks. D) A concave lens causes an object to appear larger than its actual size. Eliminate
Answer:
C-A laser beam looks bent when it passes through glass blocks
Explanation:
Refraction is the change in the speed of the light when passing from one medium to another with a different refractive index. While changing the medium light appears to change the direction or bent towards the normal - a perpendicular line to the horizontal line.
Which statement accurately describes what happens when water turns to stream in terms of energy?
A. The water releases energy which causes chemical bonds to break, changing water to steam.
B. The water releases energy which causes the water molecules to have less kinetic and potential energy, changing their configuration from liquid to gas.
C. The water absorbs energy which causes chemical bonds to break, changing water to steam.
D. The water absorbs energy which causes the water molecules to have more kinetic and potential energy, changing their configuration from a liquid to a gas.
C. The water absorbs energy which causes the water molecules to have more kinetic and potential energy, changing their configuration from a liquid to a gas.
I took the quiz and this is the correct answer
Quantitative data or observations mean that you measure something. Which observation made by Ben is quantitative?
A) Each pea pod grew 5 centimeters in a week.
B) The pea plants that were given fertilizer grew taller.
c) Some of the pea plants did not have flowers or pods.
Calculate the amount of heat required to heat a 3.2kg gold bar from 29Celsius to 64Celsius. Specific heat capacity of gold is 0.128J/g Celsius .
With three temperature readings all mean the same thing?
A. 100 Kelvin, 0 degrees Celsius, 32 degrees Fahrenheit
B. 273 Kelvin, 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
C. 373 Kelvin, 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
D. 273 Kelvin, 0 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
Ans: C
Temperature can be expressed in terms of :
Kelvin (K), Celsius (C) or Fahrenheit (F)
The three units are interchangeable.
1) Kelvin(K) and Celsius(C)
K = 273 + C ----(1)
2) Celsius(C) and Fahrenheit(F)
F = (C*9/5) + 32 ---(2)
Option C is correct because:
From eq(1), when C = 100
K = 273 + 100 = 373
From eq(2), when C = 100
F = (100*9/5)+32 = 212
PLEASE HELP!!!!! I REALLY NEED HELP
Given the following sets of values, calculate the volume in liters.
P = 102.3 kPa
V = ____ L
n = 0.00831 mol
T = 298.15 K
Use R = 8.314 L- kPa/ mol-K
Which stage of the cell cycle usually lasts the longest
The contents of a can of air freshener are gaseous when sprayed, but remain a liquid while inside the can due to ___
I need some help, and I'm pretty sure it's pressure. I'll give brainliest to whoever answers first.
Transition metals can be found in Families 3 through 12 on the periodic table. What property do transition metals share?
A.
they do not combine readily with other elements
B.
they do not conduct heat or electricity
C.
they are brightly colored and are often used to make pigments
D.
they are rarely found as single elements in nature
Answer:
The correct answer is option C.
Explanation:
Properties of transition metals:
They show variable oxidation states.Most these elements form colored compounds.They have great tendency to form complexes.They also form interstitial compounds with hydrogen , carbon, boron, and nitrogen.Also used in preparation of alloys.Many of these compound shoe catalytic property.What is something that has mass and takes up space
a mixture of emanations from radioactive atoms is passed through electrically charged plates imagination number one is attracted to the negative plate number to is attracted to the positive plate and number three goes to go straight through on the flag.
The experiment involves alpha, beta, and gamma rays (different types of radioactive decay) passing through electrically charged plates, being attracted based on their charge, with alpha particles going to the negative plate, beta particles to the positive, and gamma rays passing through unaffected.
Explanation:The experiment described involves the passing of radioactive emissions from various atoms through a pair of electrically charged plates. The attraction of certain particles to either the positive or negative plate hints at the different types of radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma.
Alpha particles, being positively charged helium atoms, are attracted to the negatively charged plate. Beta particles - high-energy electrons - have a negative charge, thus are attracted to the positive plate. Finally, gamma rays, which are uncharged electromagnetic waves, are not affected by the electric field and pass through unaffected.
This experiment mirrors the studies conducted by Ernest Rutherford where he utilized electrical fields to distinguish and classify these types of radioactive decay.
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Which best describes the relationship between the direction of energy and wave motion in a transverse wave?
A. The energy direction is perpendicular to the motion of the wave.
B. The energy direction is in the opposite direction of the motion of the wave.
C. The energy direction is parallel to the motion of the wave.
D. The energy direction has no relationship to the motion of the wave.
Answer:
The answer is
A.
Explanation:
What type of forces affects the speed and direction of motion of an object?
A: Balanced forces
B: Unbalanced forces
C: Equal and opposite forces in the vertical plane
D: Equal and opposite forces in the horizontal plane
The correct Answer Is B
The diagram below is supposed to show how a sea breeze is created by convection, but only two of the arrows are drawn correctly. Select the arrows that are drawn correctly.
Answer:
cool air and upper air
Explanation:
On the way to the lungs, air passes through the
(1) trachea
(2) esophagus
(3) intestine
(4) stomach
The law of universal gravitation states that any two objects in the universe, without exception, a. attract each other. b. repel each other. c. combine to provide a balanced force. d. create friction. im not sure help
Comparing the mass of the nucleus with the mass off the protons and mass of the neutrons refers to what
Answer:nada defect
Explanation:
Instructions: Select the correct answer.
Generators need a source of energy to produce electricity. Which form of energy is a nonrenewable source of energy?
A. hydro (water) energy
B. geothermal energy
C. fossil fuel
D. wind energy
What would happen if guard cells in a plant stopped working?
A.
Photosynthesis would occur more slowly.
B.
Stomata would not open and close.
C.
Diseases would quickly invade the plant.
D.
Chloroplasts would change color.
If guard cells in a plant stop working then the stomata would not open and close.
Answer: B
Explanation
Guard cells are present in leaves of the plants.
It is located in surrounding of each stomata of the plants.
It is located in the leaves such that the stomata can be surrounded by these cells.
Its working is to open and close the stomata in regular intervals.
The regular intervals meant at morning and at night.
At morning, the stomata need to be open so that it can intake oxygen, water and release carbon-di-oxide.
The water taken is stored in the stomata in the night as the guard cells help to close the stomata at night preventing the loss of water.
But if the guard cells fail to work properly, then the stomata will remain either in open condition always or in close condition always.
This will lead to continuous water loss and change in the rate of transpiration of plants which will be harmful for it.
Thus the guard cells failure will lead to block the openings of stomata.
Final answer:
Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, which are crucial for gas exchange in plants. If guard cells stopped working, the stomata would not open and close, affecting photosynthesis and transpiration. The most direct consequence of nonfunctional guard cells would be that stomata would not open and close.
Explanation:
The stomata and guard cells play critical roles in plant physiology. Stomata are openings on the leaf surface that allow gases to enter and exit the plant, which is essential for photosynthesis and respiration. The guard cells surround each stoma and regulate its opening and closing. If guard cells stopped working, the stomata would not open and close properly. This would lead to a cessation of transpiration and affect the plant's ability to acquire necessary carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, ultimately slowing or stopping this process.
If guard cells did not function correctly, this could potentially lead to water stress due to an inability to conserve water on hot, dry days, as plants close stomata to prevent water loss. Moreover, if stomata remained closed, it would limit the intake of carbon dioxide, needed for photosynthesis. Therefore, if guard cells in a plant stopped working, the most accurate answer would be B. Stomata would not open and close.
Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)⟶2Fe(s)+3CO2(g) How many moles of Fe2O3 are necessary to produce 1.648 mol of CO2?
Why does the skateboarder continue to move forward when he hits the trash?
Answer:
According to Newton's first law: An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
There is a force that moves the skater and his skate forward, after the hit, his speed is reduced, but this force is not completely counteracted, and that's why he continues moving forward.
What would happen if there were no abiotic factors in an ecosystem
Instructions: Select the correct answer.
An electromagnet is a device in which moving electric charges (current) in a coil of wire create a magnet.
What’s one advantage of using electromagnets in devices?
A. Electromagnets have a strong, constant magnetic field.
B. Electromagnets are more powerful than permanent magnets.
C. Electromagnets don’t need a source of electricity to work.
D. Electromagnets can easily be turned on and off.
Final answer:
One advantage of using electromagnets is that they can be easily turned on and off, allowing for precise control over their magnetic fields which is useful in many electronic devices and industrial applications. The correct option is (D).
Explanation:
An electromagnet is a device where electric current produces a magnetic field. A major advantage of electromagnets used in devices is that they can be easily controlled; one of the ways this control is manifested is in the ability to easily turn them on and off.
Electromagnets are invaluable in various applications due to their ability to alter magnetic fields rapidly by adjusting the electric current flowing through them, allowing for a diverse range of uses, from industrial machinery to medical imaging equipment.