Answer:
Circulatory system
Explanation:
From the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle through the pulmonary sigmoid valve to the pulmonary trunk to the right and left lungs to the capillary beds of the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart through the mitral valve, to the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve, to the whole body, to the systemic arteries, to the capillaries of the body tissues, to the systemic veins, to the superior cava vein and inferior cava vein, which enter the right atrium of the heart.
The statement describes the journey of blood through the cardiovascular system. It involves the right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, capillary beds of the body, superior and inferior vena cava.
Explanation:The blood flow pathway you're describing is basically the journey of blood throughout the cardiovascular system, including its passage through the heart. The blanks in your statement can be filled in the following way: From the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the (1) right ventricle through the (2) pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk to the right and left (3) pulmonary arteries to the capillary beds of the (4) lungs to the (5) pulmonary veins to the (6) left atrium of the heart through the (7) mitral valve, to the (8) left ventricle through the (9) aortic semilunar valve, to the (10) aorta, to the systemic arteries, to the (11) capillary beds of the body tissues, to the systemic veins, to the (12) superior and (13) inferior vena cava, which enter the right atrium of the heart.
Learn more about Cardiovascular system here:https://brainly.com/question/23086799
#SPJ6
Explain, physiologically, why the ERV and IRV are lower during heavy exercise than they are during moderate exercise.
Answer: To meet the demand of more oxygen by the body.
Explanation: During the time of exercise the need for oxygen by the body increases. The minute ventilation of an individual will increase due to increase in the tidal volume and frequency of breathing.
The extra space is provided by the inspiratory reserve volume which acts as a reservoir of extra lung volume that can become inflated with air and as we need it.
So, Inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume decreases during heavy exercise as there is a need of more inhalation of oxygen and more exhalation of carbon dioxide as tidal volume increases and cover the space.
Final answer:
During heavy exercise, the need for increased oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide expulsion results in greater tidal volume usage and a deeper, more forceful exhalation, thus reducing ERV and IRV. Blood flow redistribution and an elevated cardiac output further limit these respiratory reserve volumes to prioritize metabolic needs over maximum lung ventilation capacity.
Explanation:
The question relates to why the Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) are lower during heavy exercise compared to moderate exercise. Physiologically, during heavy exercise, there is an increased demand for oxygen and an increased production of carbon dioxide. This necessitates a higher rate of ventilation to facilitate gas exchange. As a result, the tidal volume (the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath) increases, utilizing a greater portion of the IRV. Simultaneously, to maximize the expulsion of CO2, individuals exhale more forcefully and deeply, reducing the ERV. This adjustment allows for the optimization of oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion, which is crucial during periods of intense physical activity.
Another critical factor is the redistribution of blood flow during intense exercise. There is an increased blood supply to the working muscles and skin to support metabolic processes and heat dissipation, respectively. This hemodynamic adjustment further compromises the capacity for large IRV and ERV as the body prioritizes oxygen and nutrient delivery to the muscles over maximum pulmonary ventilation reserve capacities.
Lastly, the cardiovascular response to exercise, including increased heart rate and stroke volume, contributes to a heightened cardiac output. This enhanced cardiac activity supports the increased metabolic demands of heavy exercise but can limit the thoracic capacity for large expansions and contractions of the lungs, thereby decreasing the IRV and ERV.
The best reason for categorizing two species into the same genus would be because they have _______. overlapping ranges a common ancestor behavioral similarities physical similarities
Answer: B. a common ancestor
Explanation: The closest they can be related before being the same species is genus. According to theory of evolution, they have a close common ancestor.
hope this helped :)
Mitosis and meiosis differ in several ways. Meiosis, but not mitosis, _____. involves two bouts of cell division results in four (rather than two) daughter cells changes the chromosome number of the daughter cells introduces genetic variation among daughter cells is correctly described by all of these statements
Answer: is correctly described by all of these statements
Explanation:
Meiosis is the process that enables sexual reproduction to occur. It ensures that a haploid phase exists throughout the life cycle, which will have the diploid phase restored through fertilization. The four daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes in comparison with the mother cell. Meiosis is composed of two "rounds" prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis cycle (meiosis I and meiosis II). Despite being very similar to mitosis, these cycles have some fundamental differences. This process is important for increasing the genetic variability of daughter cells. And genetic variability is a necessary thing for the evolution and survival of the population.
Which of the following statements are true?
a) Operons control the activity of an enzyme
b) operons control of the synsthesis of an enzyme
c) Both operons and feedback inhibition control the synthesis of an emzyme
d) Operons can induce or imate enzyme synthesis but can not repress enzyme synthesis
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The operon is a constitution of genes transcribed together – hence developing a functional element to the cell -and have an operator and regulatory gene within it. The activity of the operon is regulated by a positive and negative feedback mechanism that is a response to the cells environment. An activator or a repressor molecule activates or represses, respectively, the transcription of the operon.
The following sentences describe some glycolysis reactions. Fill in the blanks. Note that a single red X will appear if you answer any of the blanks incorrectly. Feedback will be placed next to a blank that is incorrectly filled. Not all the terms will be placed. Some terms will be used more than once.In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose is converted to ________. The phosphate from __________. A _______ is an enzyme that transfers the terminal phosphate of __________ to a substrate. The product of this reaction is then to __________ fructose-6-phosphate. Fructose-6-phosphate is then phosphorylated by a second ________ reaction, giving _________.
Answer:
The correct answer will be
1. Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate.
2. A hexose kinase is an enzyme.
3. Terminal phosphate of ATP to a substrate.
4. The product of this reaction is then to form isomer fructose-6-phosphate.
5. Fructose-6-phosphate is then phosphorylated by a second phosphate ester synthesis reaction,
6. giving fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a sequential breakdown of glucose into product pyruvate releasing energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. This reaction takes place in ten steps in which the first three steps are ATP consuming reactions while last steps yield ATP molecules.
Step 1: includes the breakdown of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of enzyme hexose kinase which helps in the transfer of phosphate group from ATP to intermediate formed. This reaction is known as Phosphate ester synthesis.
Step 2: includes isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate which is again broken down to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase which again transfers a phosphate group from ATP. This is also a Phosphate ester synthesis reaction.
Thus, filled options are the correct answer.
Got the Cold ?It may be because of your genetic background?
The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membranemore acidic outside the cell than inside the cell. In this bacterial cell, phosphate transport is an example of ________.
Answer:
Co-transport.
Explanation:
Co-transport may be defined as the process of transport of two molecules across the membrane without the use of energy. Two types of co transport are symport and antiport.
The bacteria transport system import phosphate into the cell. The import of the phosphate depends on pH. Since, the import of phosphate depends on pH and does not depend on the ATPase activity. Here, the phosphate molecules can simultaneously cross the membranes.
Thus, the answer is co-transport.
In bacteria, the phosphate transport system that functions despite a lower external phosphate concentration and relies on a pH gradient is an example of active transport, which uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Explanation:The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. When phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membrane—more acidic outside the cell than inside the cell—this process is an example of active transport.
Active transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. Examples of active transport mechanisms include the sodium-potassium pump, which exchanges sodium for potassium ions against their respective concentration gradients using ATP. Similarly, phosphate is transported into bacterial cells against its gradient, facilitated by a pH difference, and this process too may utilize energy in the form of ATP or other couplings with primary active transport mechanisms.
In some cases, substances are modified during the import process as seen in group translocation, which also contributes to the energy-neutral import of substances like sugars via the phosphotransferase system. Nonetheless, the essential characteristic of active transport is the use of energy to accomplish the movement of substances across cell membranes.
Learn more about Active Transport here:https://brainly.com/question/29759743
#SPJ3
47. Find the mismatched pair: A)Facilitated diffusion Extrusion of ions or small molecule with expense of Ar B) Uniport-A single molecule or ion passes through a carrier, regardless of direction (in or out) C) Antiport_Type of coupled transport in which one solute enters, another one exits the cell D)Symport--Type of coupled transport in which two solutes simultaneously enter or exit the cell.
Answer:
Option (A).
Explanation:
Facilitated diffusion may be defined as the process of movement of the particles from the region of higher concentration towards the region of lower concentration with the help of specific integral transmembrane protein.
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive diffusion and solute particle down the concentration gradient. So this process doesn't require an ATP or any other energy source.
Thus, the mismatched pair is option (A).
Why do children tend to have high-pitched voices, and why do males typically have lower voices than females do?
Answer:
Children tend to have high pitched voice because the larynx is small and thin.
Males have lower voices because they have larger and thicker larynx.
Explanation:
Its the larynx that makes noise, so known as voice box. Changes in the length and thickness of larynx cause voice modulation. This modulation helps male getting a deeper voice.
The larynx of children are small and thin which helps to a high pitched voice and during the time of puberty, larynx starts growing and thickening.This makes the voice low pitched and deep.
Thus, its the thickening and thinning of larynx that helps in voice modulation.
The white matter of the spinal cord contains
The white matter of the spinal cord contains myelinated axons that form ascending and descending tracts for transmitting sensory and motor information between the brain and the body.
Explanation:The white matter of the spinal cord is primarily composed of myelinated axons of neurons. These axons are wrapped in a myelin sheath which is high in lipid content, giving the tissue its white appearance. The spinal cord's white matter is organized into white columns: the posterior, anterior, and lateral columns. The ascending tracts in these columns carry sensory information from the body to the brain, while the descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain to the muscles and organs throughout the body.
These myelinated axons facilitate the rapid transmission of nerve impulses between the brain and different parts of the body, allowing for efficient communication and control of bodily functions. They form crucial pathways by which the central nervous system (CNS) interacts with the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The lattice or meshwork of __________ forms spongy bone.
Answer: the correct answer is Trabeculae .
The lattice or meshwork of trabeculae forms spongy bone.
Explanation:
Trabeculae of bone provide structural support to the spongy bone found at the ends of long bones.
A possible consequence of eutrophication is A. Reduction of nutrient levels in a body of water B. Fish kills, because of the lowered dissolved oxygen in the water C. An increase in the biodiversity of the body of water D. Sequestration of dissolved toxins in lake sediments
Answer:
B. Fish kills, because of the lowered dissolved oxygen in the water
Explanation:
Eutrophication refers to the algal bloom as caused by increased levels of nutrients in water bodies. The algal population uses the dissolved oxygen and makes it unavailable or scarce for animals such as fishes present in the water bodies. The scarcity of oxygen leads to the death of fishes in a eutrophic water body.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. If an individual with wavy hair mates with an individual with straight hair, what is the probability that their child will have curly hair?
I believe the correct answer is 0
Explanation:The parents who had children had wavy hair and straight hair. With the wavyhair parent having a dominant heterozygous H gene for curly hair from the first parent and a recessive h gene from the secod parent, having children with a mating partner who has homozygous hh for straight hair meant that half of the offsprings will have heteroygous wavy hair gene while the other half will have the homozygous straight hair gene.
Further Explanation:Let Curly hair be: HH
Let Straight hair be: hh
Parental gametes = HH(curly hair) x hh(straight hair)
These 2 parents had offsprings as represented in the Punnet square below:
H H
h Hh Hh
h Hh Hh
Genotypic ratio of offsprings: 4Hh
Phenotypic ratio of offsprings: 4 Wavy hair.
One of the offsprings with wavy hair went ahead and had offsprings with an individual with straight hair. It is represented in the Punnet square below:
Let Straight hair be: hh
Let wavy hair be: Hh
Parental gametes = Hh(Wavy hair) x hh(straight hair)
H h
h Hh hh
h Hh hh
Genotypic ratio of offsprings: 2Hh:2hh
Phenotypic ratio of offsprings: 2 Wavy hair: 2 straight hair
NOTE: None of the children had curly hair (HH)
The probability that the child will have curly hair (HH) = 0/4 hence the proalility is 0. None of the children were born with curly hair
The wavy hair parent had a dominant heterozygous H gene for curly hair from the first parent and a recessive h gene from the second parent. The probability that children had curly hair (HH) is 0%.
What is dominant heterozygous?The parents who had kids had straight and wavy hair. Having children with a mating partner who has homozygous hh for straight hair meant that half of the offspring will have the heterozygous wavy hair gene and the other half will have the homozygous straight hair gene.
Curly hair: HH
Straight hair: hh
Gametes = HH(curly hair) x hh(straight hair)
Straight hair: hh
wavy hair be: Hh
One of the offspring with wavy hair Hh went ahead and had offspring with an individual with straight hair.
Parental gametes = Hh(Wavy hair) x hh(straight hair)
The genotypic ratio of offspring: 2Hh:2hh
Phenotypic ratio of offspring: 2 Wavy hair: 2 straight hair
The image of the cross is attached below.
Therefore, the probability that children had curly hair (HH) is 0%.
Learn more about dominant, here:
https://brainly.com/question/27914577
#SPJ5
The molecular weight of salt (NaCl) is 58 g/mole. The recommended daily salt intake is less than 2.3 g. The average volume of blood in human body is 6 liters. What is the molar concentration of 2.3 g NaCl glucose in 6 liters of solution?
Answer-
The molar concentration of [tex]2.3[/tex] g NaCl glucose in [tex]6[/tex] liters of solution is [tex]0.0066[/tex]moles/litre
Explanation:
Molarity is the number of moles of a substance in a unit volume of solution. Molarity is known as molar concentration and its unit is [tex]\frac{mole}{l} \\[/tex]
Number of moles in [tex]2.3[/tex] grams of NaCL
[tex] = \frac{2.3}{58} \\= 0.039[/tex]
Molar concentration
[tex] = \frac{0.0396}{6} \\= 0.0066\\[/tex] moles/litre
Hence, the molar concentration of [tex]2.3[/tex] g NaCl glucose in [tex]6[/tex] liters of solution is [tex]0.0066[/tex]moles/litre
Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria in that they a. have their own DNA. b. have their own ribosomes. c. reproduce by simple division into two. d. All of the above
Answer:
its D, all are correct
Explanation:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria as they have their own circular DNA, replicate through a process resembling bacterial binary fission, and possess ribosomes similar to those of bacteria, all supporting the endosymbiotic theory. Hence, the correct option is d.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria in that they have their own DNA, have their own ribosomes, and reproduce by simple division into two. These organelles share several distinct similarities with bacteria that support the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that they were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
Both organelles contain DNA that is circular, not linear, which is a characteristic feature of bacterial chromosomes. Furthermore, both mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate independently from the cell via a process similar to binary fission, a method used by bacteria to reproduce. Their ribosomes also resemble the 70S ribosomes found in bacteria, rather than the 80S ribosomes typical in eukaryotic cells' cytoplasm.
The evidence supporting these similarities includes the size and structural features of these organelles, their lipid and protein composition, and particularly their genetic material which places them phylogenetically alongside bacteria. This evidence has led to the widely accepted endosymbiotic theory, explaining the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts within eukaryotic cells.
23. What biological term is best used to explain the color of leaves changing with the decreased in ambient UV light as seasons change? a. Photo-periodism c. Growth hibernation b. Evanescence d. Photo-liberation
Answer: a. Photo-periodism
Explanation:
The relative length of the day is considered as a major factor in the development of plants, particularly in sexual reproduction. The plants were grouped considering that the flowering and fruiting occurs only when the length of the day is within certain limits so that these phases are achieved only in certain times of the year. Therefore, some species respond to long days, while others respond to short days, and still, others are capable of responding to all day lengths. The name and meaning of each group became as follows:
Short Day Plants: They are the species that bloom in smaller photoperiods than a critical maximum.
Long day plants. These are the species that bloom in larger photoperiods than a critical minimum.
Neutral day plants: They are those that bloom in a wide range of the photoperiod.
The highest rate of absorption in the digestive tract takes place in which of the following? The large intestines The stomach The liver The small intestines
Answer:
The small intestine.
Explanation:
Digestion may be defined as the process of breakdown of large food molecule into simpler substances with the help of enzymes and digestive juices. Digestive system includes the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
The process of complete digestion and maximum absorption occur in the small intestine. Small intestine contains numerous finger like structures called villi, these villi increases the surface area that helps in the food absorption.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
Answer:
liver
Explanation:
Which of the following is true of carbon dioxide exchange? Select one: a. Carbon dioxide is produced in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of every living cell during respiration b. Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into the blood plasma before entering erythrocytes. c. Carbonic acid is able to ionize and release protons into its environment, which has an effect of raising the pH. d. Hemoglobin helps maintain a constant pH in the blood by binding with H* ions released from bicarbonate ions.
Answer:
d. Hemoglobin helps maintain a constant pH in the blood by binding with H⁺ions released from bicarbonate ions.
Explanation:
The presence (CO₂) in in the erythrocytes lowers its pH as a result the affinity of hemoglobin decreases for oxygen. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with water to form carbonic acid in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is present in the erythrocytes or red blood cells. The carbonic acid then changes into two ions hydrogen ion (H⁺) and bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻). As a result of H⁺ ions, the pH of blood drops. Haemoglobin pick up hydrogen ions to balance the decrease in pH. Thus, haemoglobin helps in maintaining constant pH or keep pH of blood in buffer.
What are sleep patterns?
The primary visual cortex is located in the
The primary visual cortex, which plays a critical role in processing visual information, is located in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain.
Explanation:The primary visual cortex, also known as V1, is a part of your brain that is responsible for processing visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe, which is at the back of your brain. Processing visual information means that this part of the brain works to interpret details like color, shape, and motion from the visual signals that your eyes send. In essence, the primary visual cortex allows us to understand what we're seeing.
Learn more about primary visual cortex here:https://brainly.com/question/33449074
#SPJ11
The primary visual cortex, responsible for interpreting incoming visual information, is located in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain. Further processing of visual data happens in surrounding areas and is then sent to regions of the temporal and parietal lobes via the ventral and dorsal streams.
Explanation:The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain. This area, denoted as V1, is essential for our vision as it interprets incoming visual information. Encircling the primary visual cortex are areas V2 and V3, also known as the visual association cortex. These regions enhance our visual perceptions by incorporating color and motion data.
The processed information is then forwarded to the regions of the temporal and parietal lobes through two principal streams of processing: the ventral and the dorsal. The ventral stream identifies visual stimuli and their significance, while the dorsal stream helps locate objects in space and support body movement responses to visual inputs. This intricate process facilitates our interaction with the visual world around us.
Learn more about primary visual cortex here:https://brainly.com/question/30763494
#SPJ6
Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur after the events of the neuromuscular junction have transpired. The term excitation refers to which step in the process?
Answer:
Excitation refers to the generation of action potential along the sarcolemma.
Explanation:
Excitation-contraction coupling may be defined as the process in which an electrical stimulus can be converted into the mechanical response of the body.
The calcium ions are released in the process of excitation-contraction coupling. The release of calcium ions is responsible for the generation of action potential. This action potential is important for the contraction of the muscle.
Excitation in excitation-contraction coupling refers to the conversion of nerve impulses into a chemical signal, initiating muscle contraction.
Explanation:In the context of excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells, the term 'excitation' refers to the step where a nerve impulse, or action potential, arrives at the neuromuscular junction, causing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This neurotransmitter then binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane (sarcolemma), triggering a change in membrane potential and initiating a series of events that ultimately lead to the contraction of the muscle fibre. Thus, this 'excitation' part of the process essentially involves the conversion of an electrical signal (nerve impulse) into a chemical signal (release of acetylcholine), which then initiates another electrical signal within the muscle fiber, setting in motion the contraction process.
Learn more about Excitation here:https://brainly.com/question/33515095
#SPJ6
Where does the right ventricle send blood?
The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs.
The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve, the pulmonary artery and it's last stop is to deliver it to the lungs.
Which amino acid residues are phosphorylated by kinases?
Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are most commonly phosphorylated in eukaryotes.
The amino acid residues phosphorylated by kinases are serine, threonine, and tyrosine. These residues contain hydroxyl groups that allow the binding of a phosphate group, altering the protein's structure and function.
The amino acid residues that are commonly phosphorylated by kinases are serine, threonine, and tyrosine. These amino acids have side chains with hydroxyl groups (-OH) which provide the necessary chemical handle for the attachment of a phosphate group (PO₄³⁻). During the process of phosphorylation, a phosphate group from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is transferred to these hydroxyl groups, often resulting in a structural change that can activate or deactivate the protein's function. Phosphorylation is a crucial mechanism for regulating the biological activity of proteins within cells, serving as a switch in various cell signaling pathways.
For instance, serine can be found in consensus sequences such as the hydrophobic/aromatic motif FLGFSYA, which is conserved in AGC kinases. The phosphorylation of serine residues is frequently referred to as phosphoserine. Phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine occurs similarly, affecting the protein functionality depending on the position and context within the protein structure.
While Sandy was engaging in sexual activity with her significant other, she noticed rhythmic muscle contractions and a period of time in which she felt that immense tension was released. Sandy likely just experienced the _____, which is a component of the sexual response cycle.
Answer:
The correct answer is orgasm.
Explanation:
Sexual response cycle is a 4 stage process of responses to sexual stimulation. The four stages are -the very first stage is the excitement phase, following by the plateau phase, the third stage is the orgasmic phase and in the last resolution phase.
During orgasm phase muscle contraction occurs in the lower pelvic muscles. Women experience vaginal contractions and uterine contraction. Orgasms are also included muscular spasms in the body and generally feels like releasing immense tension.
Thus, the correct answer is orgasm.
4. In a chi-square test, the O in the equation represents _______________
the degrees of freedom
the chi square value
type O blood
observed percentages
the number of individuals observed in a specific category
Answer:
The correct answer is: observed percentages
Explanation:
As we know the chi-square test has to do with a test statistic in which there is a measurement of the divergence of the observed data from the values that are expected under the null hypothesis of no association. And the O stands for the observed outcomes.
Final answer:
In a chi-square test, 'O' stands for the observed values. For a test of homogeneity in a five-by-two table, the degrees of freedom would be 4. In a test of independence, degrees of freedom are calculated as the product of one less than the number of rows and one less than the number of columns.
Explanation:
In a chi-square test, the O represents the observed values (data), which are the actual counts or frequencies measured in the study. These observed values are compared against the expected values (E), which are the counts or frequencies that would be expected under the null hypothesis.
When conducting a chi-square test of homogeneity for data in a five-by-two table, we calculate the degrees of freedom (d) as:
d = (number of rows - 1)(number of columns - 1)So, d = (5 - 1)(2 - 1) = 4(1) = 4.Test of Independence:
The number of degrees of freedom for the test of independence is similarly calculated as:d = (number of rows - 1)(number of columns - 1).For a hypothetical cell phone ownership table with freshmen and seniors, if we assume there are two rows and three columns, the degrees of freedom would be calculated as:
d = (2 - 1)(3 - 1) = 1(2) = 2.
List two medications that are helpful in treating hypertension and describe their actions.
Answer: Diuretics and beta-blockers
Explanation:
Hypertension is a condition in which high blood pressure occurs. In this condition the pressure of the blood inside the arteries is severely elevated. The blood exerts force on the walls of the arteries.
Following are the medications which can be used for the treatment of high blood pressure.
1. Diuretics: These medicines helps to reduce the excess level of sodium and water and hence it regulates the blood pressure. It is used along with other therapies.
2. Beta-blockers: These are the medicines which help in reducing the heart rate hence, helps in lowering blood pressure.
Answer: Anti-adrenergics and Diuretics
Explanation:
Doctors do not prescribe medication until the patients's blood pressure reaches 160/100, below this the hypertension is considered as mild hypertension.
For the people who is already suffering from diabetes and kidney disease, medications will be use at 130/80.
Diuretics are commonly known as water pills. These work by helping the kidney to eliminate sodium and water out of the body. This process decreases decreases the volume of blood and the heart needs to less pump with each beat, which lowers the blood pressure of the body.
Anti-adrenergics are another class of drugs that is offered to the patients suffering from the problem of hypertension. These drugs lowers the blood pressure by limiting the action of the hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine, which relaxes the blood vessels which reduces the spped of heart's contractions.
In a large herd of 5468 sheep, 76 animals have yellow fat, compared with the rest of the members of the herd, which have white fat. Yellow fat is inherited as a recessive trait. This herd is assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. a. What are the frequencies of the white and yellow fat alleles in this population?
Answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is written as p²+q²+2pq = 1 and p + q =1
where,
p² is the frequency of homozygous dominant (BB)
q² is the frequency of homozygous recessive (bb)
2pq is the frequency of heterozygous (Bb)
p is the frequency of dominant allele (B)
q is the frequency of recessive allele (b)
As per given details, the number of homozygous recessive organisms in a population is 76.
Total population size is 5468
Thus, the frequency of homozygous recessive (q²) = [tex]\frac{76}{5468}[/tex]
⇒ q² = 0.014
⇒q = [tex]\sqrt{0.014}[/tex]
⇒q = 0.118
∴ p = 1 - 0.118
⇒p = 0.882
thus, the frequency of yellow fat allele is 0.118 and that of white fat allele is 0.882
Where in the parathyroid gland is pth produced?
Final answer:
PTH is produced by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and regulates blood calcium levels by influencing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and bone dynamics.
Explanation:
The parathyroid glands are responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating blood calcium concentrations. PTH is produced by the chief cells located within these glands. When blood calcium levels fall below normal, PTH is secreted to increase the calcium levels by enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, stimulating osteoclast activity (which releases calcium from bones), and promoting the synthesis of calcitriol, which aids in dietary calcium absorption from the digestive system.
These functions of PTH maintain homeostatic calcium levels in the body.
What are some examples of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems of the brain?
Answer:
Example of sympathetic nervous system:
Sympathetic nervous system regulates the functioning of body during fight and flight response. The example of sympathetic system of brain are increase rate of heart beat, dilation of blood vessels, erection inhibition and loss of hearing. During excitement, emotion and fear the sympathetic nervous system is active.
Example of parasympathetic nervous system:
Parasympathetic nervous system of the brain controls the body function during rest. This system bring the body at normal state after intense fear or excitement. The example of sympathetic system of brain are normal heart beat, constriction of blood vessel and normal erection.
What is peristalsis in the digestive system?