Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to their size. Nucleic acids are loaded into a gel matrix and an electric field moves them, with smaller fragments moving faster than larger ones, creating separation.
Explanation:Gel electrophoresis is a technique commonly used to separate biological molecules, particularly DNA fragments, based on their size. The process involves loading nucleic acids into a slot near the gel's negative electrode. Due to the negative charge of nucleic acids at neutral or basic pH in an aqueous environment, an electric field can mobilize them towards the positive electrode at the opposite end of the gel.
Size separation occurs due to the gel's porous matrix: smaller fragments move faster through the pores than larger ones, thus, creating a separation. This concept is visually manifested on the gel as bands at specific distances from the top, with each band representing DNA fragments of a particular size. A mixture of fragments varying in size may appear as a long smear, while uncut genomic DNA is often too large to run through the gel, creating a single large band at the top of the gel.
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The carbon skeletons of which two amino acids directly enter metabolism at the level of pyruvate?
adaptive radiation is also known as
the law of segregation tells usb’s that the rearrangement of chromosomes into gametes is
In the late 1940's, scientists released a group of chemicals, pyrethroids, to help kill insects in auricular crops. By the year 2000, over 100 insect species were resistant to pyrethroids and scientists had to develop a new plan to kill them. Explain what happened genetically in the insect population over time as the insects were exposed to pyrethroids. A) The toxicity of pyrethroids weakened over time. B) The allele for pyrethroid resistance increased throughout the population. Eliminate C) Pyrethroid resistance became the dominant allele in the insect populations. D) Most insects had the allele for pyrethroid resistance, but it remained masked.
Answer: The correct answer is-
B) The allele for pyrethroid resistance increased throughout the population.
As per the information in the question, pyrethroids ( a group of chemicals for killing insects in auricular crops) was given by scientist and more than 100 insect species developed resistance against it by the year 2000.
This indicates that in order to survive, certain species of insects developed resistance ( by changing their genome) and the gene variant ( allele) that was responsible for making them resistant against pyrethroids was increased throughout the population.
Thus, these insect species that developed resistance was selected by nature as it favored their survival.
Due to this, scientist had to develop a new plan to kill them.
Thus, option B) is the right answer.
Genetic __________ are organisms that carry more than one genetically distinct population of cells derived from more than one zygote.
Which ending completes the sentence below? Oxygen is a gas that has _______. A. definite shape and volume B. no definite shape, but has definite volume C. definite shape, but no definite volume D. no definite shape or volume Please Help Asap! Thank You
Answer:
d. no definite shape or volume
Explanation:
The cell in the figure is a(n)
A. prokaryote.
B. eukaryote.
C. animal cell.
D. both (b) and (c).
Answer:
Prokaryote.
Explanation:
Prokayotes are the organism that lacks the well developed nucleus. The organelles of the proaryotes lacks the membrane bound organelle and they have 70'S ribosomes.
The given diagram is of prokaryotes. The prokaryotes contains the cell wall, plasma membrane, pilus and the cilia. The bacteria are included in the prokaryotes and thus the given picture blongs to prokaryotes.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Question 12 human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods. some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour. the tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of ________.
The answer is biological preparedness. This is the phenomenon of living things, in this case humans, to associate certain stimuli with a particular response. This phenomenon is also attributed to some phobias in life. It is a case of classical conditioning that improves the chances of survival for humans.
who is responsible for the chromosome theory, which says that genes of inheritance are in specific locations on a chromosome
A rabbit taken from a meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. why? a rabbit taken from a meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. why? the partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level. the percentage of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level. the percentage of oxygen in the air at high elevations is higher than at sea level. the partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is higher than at sea level.
The process of turning molecules that are ingested into forms that are compatible with the organism is _________. (Points : 2)
digestion
absorption
assimilation
circulation
Assimilation is the process where ingested molecules are turned into forms compatible with the organism, following digestion, absorption, and circulation.
The process of turning molecules that are ingested into forms that are compatible with the organism is called assimilation. After the processes of digestion, absorption, and circulation, assimilation is the final step where food material is appropriated by the cell protoplasm. Digestion involves the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules through hydrolysis reactions in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Once digestion is complete, the nutrients are absorbed, transported by circulation, and finally, they undergo assimilation where they are utilized by the cells for various functions such as energy production, growth, and repair.
What type of energy is stored in the chemical bonds of a molecule?
During DNA REPLICATION, which sequence of nucleotides will bond to the sequence ACGTAT?
A client whose spouse died 2 years ago is brought to the psychiatric unit by a family member, who states that the widowed spouse has no interests, is neglecting personal hygiene, and has become totally isolated. the nurse completes a history and physical examination that verifies the family member's concerns. what is most important for the nurse to explore with the client at this time?
Whether suicide has been considered recently. The client is depressed; it is important to know whether the client is considering suicide so the nurse can provide a safe environment and related therapeutic care. Concern for the client's safety takes priority at this time over the client's feelings, the underlying cause of the behavior, or the dynamics of the marital relationship.
Would a karyotype show an autosomal dominant disorder? Why or why not?
The answer is NO. Karyotypes visualize the structure of condensed chromosomes in the metaphase stage of mitosis. Karyotype is good at diagnosing disorders related to chromosome changes such as aneuploidy. However, disorders such as autosomal dominant cannot be detected by Karyotype since they are caused by nucleotide mutations that do not affect the structure/conformation of the chromosomes.
The answer is
NO
Explanation:
Karyotype is a good option for the diagnoses of disorders related to chromosome changes such as aneuploidy. But disorders such as autosomal dominant cannot be diagnosed by Karyotype because these disorders are caused by nucleotide mutations which do not affect the structure and shape of the chromosomes.
A dna replication bubble forms at a specific sequence of bases called the ___________. see section 15.3 (page 321) .
The answer is the origin of replication. This is where the replication bubble is formed. Two opposite replication forks (Y-shaped regions) of DNA are formed when the double helix is unzipped by DNA helicases. Transcription factors, polymerase III and primer then bind to the region to begin transcription.
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what is a cladogram? please explain why a scientist would use DNA or protein sequences taken from three different organisms to construct and cladogram,
Nutrients enter a cell ______ the concentration gradient by the process of _______. @hectoroftroy
A. with; diffusion
B. against; osmosis
C. against; diffusion
D. with; endocytosis
The answer is A) with; diffusion
Compared to white smokers, african-american smokers __________.
a. smoke fewer cigarettes, but carry a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders
b. smoke fewer cigarettes and carry a lower risk of tobacco-related disorders
c. smoke more cigarettes and carry a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders
d. smoke more cigarettes, but carry a lower risk of tobacco-related disorders
African-American smokers generally smoke fewer cigarettes but have a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders compared to white smokers.
Compared to white smokers, African-American smokers smoke fewer cigarettes, but carry a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders. This is attributed to a combination of factors, including the possibility that African American smokers may absorb more nicotine than white smokers, and may also have differences in how their blood vessels react, rendering them more susceptible to hypertension and heart disease. Additionally, there are significant health disparities between racial groups, with African Americans having higher rates of several chronic conditions.
The type of bone that has irregularly arranged collagen bundles, abundant osteocytes, and little inorganic matrix, is classified a
A child that is not stimulated with a normal environment is likely to show ____.
Intrapleural pressure __________ during expiration.
Intrapleural pressure is the air pressure in the pleural cavity and also exists between visceral and parietal pleurae. This pressure majorly depends on ventilation phase, the volume of the intrapleural cavity and atmospheric pressure. During expiration, the Intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity becomes less negative which is commonly known as negative pressure.
If the pancreas fails to make___ , it will inhibit the action of enzymes and affect chemical digestion. Also,___ might damage the small intestine walls
The pancreas produces pancreatic juice and enzymes which aid in digestion in the small intestine. When it fails to do so, it affects chemical digestion and can potentially damage the small intestine walls. The pancreas also works with the liver and the gallbladder for efficient digestion.
Explanation:When the pancreas fails to produce pancreatic juice, which is enzyme- and bicarbonate-rich, it inhibits the function of enzymes and disrupts chemical digestion in the small intestine. The pancreatic juice helps in buffering the acidic gastric juice in the chyme, which in turn inactivates pepsin from the stomach thereby enabling optimal functioning of digestive enzymes. Furthermore, the pancreas produces protein-digesting enzymes in their inactive forms to prevent digesting the pancreas itself, a situation that arises under a condition called pancreatitis.
Apart from being a critical player in chemical digestion, the pancreas teams with other organs - the liver and the gallbladder, to aid digestion. The liver produces bile, exports it to the duodenum and the gallbladder stores, concentrates, and releases bile. These digestive enzymes and bile together contribute to effective chemical digestion.
If these enzymes were produced in active form, it could lead to damage to the small intestine walls. Hence the pancreas plays an important role in ensuring the optimal function and safety of the digestive system.
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What structure is present on the second cervical vertebra (c2 or axis) that allows you to rotate your neck to say "no?" what structure is present on the second cervical vertebra (c2 or axis) that allows you to rotate your neck to say "no?" posterior tubercle transverse ligament body dens (odontoid process)?
What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? what is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? dissolved in the plasma chemically bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin chemically bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin as bicarbonate ions in the plasma?
The most common method of carbon dioxide transport is as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
Explanation:Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
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A _____ is a measure of how much a typical serving size of a particular food raises blood glucose.
Answer: Glycemic load
This takes into account the amount of carbohydrates present in the food and how much it will raise a person's blood glucose level after eating a typical serving size meal. Glycemic load combines both the quantity and quality of carbohydrates based on the glycemic index where it is calculated by multiplying the grams of available carbohydrate in the food times the food's glycemic index and then dividing by 100. Moreover, it is also used to compare blood glucose values of different types and amounts of foods based on the carbohydrate consumed by an individual.
What are punnett squares used for?
a. determining the dna sequence of a given gene
b. testing for the presence of the recessive allele
c. predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes
d. identifying the gene locus where allelic variations are possible
e. more than one of the above?
Punnett squares are used for predicting the results of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes.
Explanation:Punnett squares are a diagrammatic approach used primarily in genetics to predict the possible genetic outcomes or genotypes in the offspring of a cross between two organisms with known genotypes. In simpler terms, they are used for predicting the results of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes. This makes the answer to the question these options (c. predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes). Although Punnett squares help to understand inherited traits, they do not help in determining the exact DNA sequence of a given gene, identifying the gene locus where allelic variations are possible, or directly testing for the presence of the recessive allele. Thus, only option c is the correct usage of Punnett squares.
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A Punnett Square is primarily used for predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes. It is not used for determining the DNA sequence of a gene, testing for the recessive allele, or identifying the gene locus where allelic variations are possible.
Explanation:A Punnett Square is a simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes that can occur in children, given the mother's and father's genotypes. To simplify, it's a tool used in biology to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. Specifically relating to the options in your question:
determining the dna sequence of a given gene: This is not what a Punnett Square is used for.testing for the presence of the recessive allele: While a Punnett Square can indicate the probability of a particular allele showing up in offspring, its main purpose isn't specifically for testing the presence of a recessive allele.predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes: This is essentially what a Punnett Square is used for. It predicts the potential combinations of genetic material in offspring from two parents with known genotypes.identifying the gene locus where allelic variations are possible: While the Punnett Square deals with genetic variations, it isn't used for identifying a gene locus.more than one of the above: Based on the above points, the option 'more than one of the above' would not be applicable.Looking at all these points the best answer is 'c. predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes'.
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Which form and method of using cocaine produces the most intense immediate high? page?
some leaves modify into spines, how does this modification help plants survive?
Which organism most likely has 10% of the sun's energy available for its use?
A)Insects
B)Hawk
C)Snake
D)Shrubs
A) its definitely insects because its not a mouse