When the energy flow through an ecosystem is measured at each trophic level, __________ of the available energy passes from one level to the next. 1% to 2% 5% to 20% 25% to 35% 36% to 45% 46% to 55%?
Energy flow can be defined as the amount of energy that moves through a food chain and it flows through ecosystem in one direction. Thus, the largest source of energy for an ecosystem is the sun and the energy that enters the ecosystem is usually measured in calories or joules.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. resethelp biomass assimilated feces cellular respiration biosynthesis not assimilated 1. molecules that are eaten but not absorbed by the animal leave the animal's body in and are . 2. in the caterpillar, 100 j are lost in feces, or 50% of the energy it consumes. 3. molecules that are eaten and not eliminated in feces are said to be by the animal. 4. a large fraction of assimilated energy is used for , during which atp is made for cellular work. 5. in the caterpillar, 67 j are used in cellular respiration, or 67% of the assimilated energy. 6. the rest of the assimilated energy is used for biosynthesis--the building of new . 7. in the caterpillar, 33 j are used for biosynthesis, or 33% of the assimilated energy. 8. during cellular respiration, cellular work, and biosynthesis, a significant amount of energy is lost as heat. 9. only the energy used for can be transferred to the next trophic level.
1. The right answer is not assimilated
The assimilation designates in biology the process by which substances and materials external to the body are transformed into substances and materials interior to the body.
2. The right answer is feces.
Feces correspond to the residue of digestion that the intestine could not absorb. They consist of 80% water and 20% dry matter (intestinal cell debris, bacteria, cellulose that comes from the non-absorbable part of plants).
3. The right answer is assimilated
The opposite of the first one.
4. The right answer is cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is the process of cellular metabolism that converts the chemical energy contained in nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
5. The right answer is assimilated
"Assimilation" can be also used for energy.
6. The right answer is biomass
In the field of energy, biomass is the organic matter of plant origin (microalgae included), animal, bacterial or fungal (fungi), usable as a source of energy.
7. The right answer is biosynthesis.
Biosynthesis consists of a formation and production of a chemical compound body by a living organism, usually due to the catalysis of an enzyme. For example, protein synthesis is the synthesis of organic substances by an organism. Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis are biosynthesis.
8. The right answer is non assimilated.
Since it is lost, so it is not assimilated by the organism.
9. The right answer is biosynthesis.
In ecology, the trophic level is the rank occupied by a living being in a food web. It is measured in some way by the distance separating this being from the basic level which is that of the primary autotrophic production.
Above this basic level, each link (or stage) of a food chain corresponds to a trophic level.
Torri and Tamara are both performing scientific investigations on the learning capabilities of mice. In Torri's experiment, she sets up two knobs in a cage with a mouse. When the mouse touches the knob on the left, it receives a small shock. When it touches the knob on the right, it receives a food reward. After several attempts, the mouse learns to only touch the knob on the right. Torri concludes that mice are capable of learning. In Tamara's experiment, she also sets up two knobs in a cage with a mouse. She constantly alternates which knob causes the mouse to get shocked, and which knob gives the mouse a food reward. The mouse does not ever learn to reliably touch one knob or the other. Tamara concludes that mice are incapable of learning. Which of the following is true about the evidence gathered in Torri and Tamara's experiments?
Torri's experiment demonstrates conditioned learning through consistent rewards, while Tamara's inconsistent rewards prevent learning, illustrating the importance of consistent feedback in animal learning theories.
Explanation:The evidence gathered in Torri and Tamara's experiments highlights significant factors in understanding animal learning capabilities, particularly in mice. In Torri's experiment, the consistent reward system provided clear feedback that allowed the mouse to learn and adapt its behavior accordingly, demonstrating conditioned learning. On the other hand, Tamara's experiment lacked consistency in the reward/punishment mechanism, making it impossible for the mouse to discern a pattern and therefore learn which knob to touch to receive a food reward consistently.
This scenario underlines the importance of consistent and clear feedback in the learning process, reflecting principles from classical and operant conditioning theories, such as those discussed in the works of Edward Tolman and B.F. Skinner. Tolman's research on cognitive maps and Skinner's work on the law of effect both emphasize the role of environmental stimuli and consequences in learning. Tamara's conclusion that mice are incapable of learning overlooks these principles, particularly the requirement for consistent stimuli to develop learning.
The correct option is C. The evidence gathered in Torri's experiment is of higher quality and strength because her experiment was better designed.
Torri's experiment demonstrates learning in mice by consistently associating one knob with a positive outcome (food) and the other with a negative outcome (shock). Tamara's experiment, with constantly alternating consequences, fails to show consistent learning behavior. While both experiments provide insights, Torri's better-designed experiment offers stronger evidence for learning in mice.
The evidence gathered in Torri and Tamara's experiments highlights important aspects of experimental design and interpretation in scientific investigations. Torri's experiment demonstrates a straightforward approach to studying learning capabilities in mice. By consistently associating one knob with a positive outcome (food reward) and the other with a negative outcome (shock), Torri's design allows for a clear demonstration of learning behavior. The mouse learns to distinguish between the two knobs and consistently selects the one associated with the positive outcome, indicating an ability to learn through conditioning.
On the other hand, Tamara's experiment introduces a more complex and unpredictable scenario for the mouse. By constantly alternating the consequences of touching each knob, Tamara's design creates a situation where the mouse cannot reliably associate one knob with a positive outcome and the other with a negative outcome. As a result, the mouse does not demonstrate consistent learning behavior, leading Tamara to conclude that mice are incapable of learning.
However, it's essential to critically evaluate the conclusions drawn from both experiments. While Torri's experiment provides clear evidence of learning in mice under specific conditions, Tamara's experiment introduces additional complexities that may impact the interpretation of the results. The inability of the mouse to learn in Tamara's experiment could be attributed to factors such as confusion due to the alternating consequences or the cognitive load imposed by the unpredictable environment. Therefore, it would be premature to conclude definitively that mice are incapable of learning based solely on Tamara's experiment.
Both experiments offer valuable insights into learning capabilities in mice, but they underscore the importance of experimental design and the interpretation of results in scientific investigations. Torri's experiment provides clear evidence of learning under specific conditions, while Tamara's experiment highlights the challenges of studying complex behaviors in unpredictable environments. Further research incorporating elements from both experiments could provide a more comprehensive understanding of learning capabilities in mice. Therefore, neither experiment should be dismissed outright, and their findings should be considered within the context of their respective designs and limitations.
Complete question:- Torri and Tamara are both performing scientific investigations on the learning capabilities of mice. In Torri's experiment, she sets up two knobs in a cage with a mouse. When the mouse touches the knob on the left, it receives a small shock. When it touches the knob on the right, it receives a food reward. After several attempts, the mouse learns to only touch the knob on the right. Torri concludes that mice are capable of learning. In Tamara's experiment, she also sets up two knobs in a cage with a mouse. She constantly alternates which knob causes the mouse to get shocked, and which knob gives the mouse a food reward. The mouse does not ever learn to reliably touch one knob or the other. Tamara concludes that mice are incapable of learning. Which of the following is true about the evidence gathered in Torri and Tamara's experiments?
A. The evidence gathered in Torr's experiment is not valid because she did not alternate the consequence of touching the knobs.
B. The evidence gathered in Tamara's experiment is of higher quality and strength because her experiment was better designed.
C. The evidence gathered in Torri's experiment is of higher quality and strength because her experiment was better designed.
D. The evidence gathered in Tamara's experiment proves that mice are unable to learn and no further investigation is needed.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. when a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning. the scientists investigated carbon dioxide levels in their experiment because high carbon dioxide levels in the ________ signal control centers in the brain to increase rate and depth of inhalations and exhalations.
The correct answer in the blank is arterial blood.
Explanation:The elevated levels of CO2 in the arterial blood signals the brain to increase the rate and depth of inhalations and exhalations.
Blood in the veins normally has the high concentration of CO2.
Arterial blood contains very low level of CO2 and High level of CO2 in this blood signals brain to increase breathing rate.
What blood vessel carry blood away from the heart ? study guide cardiovascular system?
The blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is the artery. Specifically, the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Veins, on the other hand, are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
In the cardiovascular system, the blood flow circuit begins with the contraction of the heart, which pumps blood into the aorta.
The aorta then branches into various arteries that transport blood to different parts of the body. As the arteries branch further into arterioles and then into capillaries, the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products occurs at the cellular level.
After the exchange, the deoxygenated blood and waste products are collected by venules, which merge into veins, and the blood is returned to the heart, completing the circuit. It is important to note that there are exceptions to this general rule.
For example, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs, where it becomes oxygenated, and the pulmonary vein then returns the oxygen-rich blood back to the heart. However, in the context of the systemic circulation, arteries are the vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
How are all the species in a food chain similar to links in a metal chain?
A. Each species plays the same role as all the other species in the food chain.
B. If one species is taken away, the whole chain will change or break.
C. Each species plays a different role from any other species in the food chain.
D. There is an equal population of each species in the food chain.
Zack is four years old and can do cartwheels, back flips, back hand springs, and one-handed cart wheels. he has had no formal training to develop these gymnast skills. all represent:
Final answer:
Zack's ability to perform advanced gymnastic moves without formal training at the age of four is indicative of exceptional physical skills. While remarkable, these skills, alongside his behaviors, are reflective of common developmental stages and could align with typical high energy levels and coordination capabilities in young children.
Explanation:
Zack is four years old and can do cartwheels, back flips, back hand springs, and one-handed cartwheels, all without formal training. This scenario showcases Zack's advanced physical skills at a young age. Such abilities can sometimes be seen as symptoms of high energy levels or a short attention span, common in younger children, especially boys. Boys often mature at a slower pace than girls, which might explain some of Zack's capabilities and behaviors. Physical milestones, like improved balance, hopping on one foot, and coordination in throwing a ball, are expected in children as they grow. However, Zack's ability to perform complex gymnastic maneuvers without training is exceptional. Cognitive and psychosocial development at this age also involves rapid growth in language, curiosity, and motor skills, as described in the developmental milestones for preschoolers. Zack's skills might be an indication of his physical aptitude, but they do not necessarily signal any behavioral or developmental issues. It's also important to consider aspects like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) when examining behaviors that include difficulty settling down, being easily bored, and challenges in following instructions.
Which example is a type of non-point source pollution
Non-point source pollution is diffuse and comes from multiple sources such as runoff carrying fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides from various areas, which makes it hard to control.
An example of a type of non-point source pollution is runoff from agricultural fields, urban areas, and residential neighborhoods. This kind of pollution occurs when rainfall or snowmelt runs over the land and picks up pollutants like fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides from fields and lawns, as well as oil, antifreeze, animal waste, and road salt from cities. Non-point source pollution is characterized by its diffuse nature and is typically much more challenging to control than point source pollution because it originates from many scattered areas and usually involves lower concentrations of pollutants over larger volumes of water.
suppose that a dominant allele (P) codes for a polka-dot tail and a recessive allele (p) codes for a solid colored tail. In addition, suppose that a dominant allele (L) codes for long eyelashes and a recessive allele (l) codes for short eyelashes. If two individuals heterozygous for both traits (tail color and eyelash length) mate, what's the probability of the phenotypic combinations of the offspring? A. 9:3:3:1 ratio (9 polka-dot tails and long eyelashes, 3 polka-dot tails and short eyelashes, 3 solid tails and long eyelashes, 1 solid tail and short eyelash) B. 1:1 ratio (half are polka-dot tails and long eyelashes; half are solid tails and short eyelashes) C. 1:1 ratio (half are polka-dot tails and short eyelashes; half are solid tails and long eyelashes) D. 9:3:3:1 ratio (9 polka-dot tails and short eyelashes, 3 polka-dot tails and long eyelashes, 3 solid tails and short eyelashes, 1 solid tail and long eyelash)
When you go in to have an mri done, the technician always tells you to remove your watch, pens, and other metal objects from your pockets. why is this request made?
Before performing an MRI, the technician always tells you to remove your watch, pens, and other metal objects from your pockets. This is because the powerful magnetic field of the MRI system attracts the metallic objects and causes them to suddenly with a very strong force.
What is MRI?MRI stands for Magnetic resonance Imaging. It may be defined as the methodology that utilizes a strong magnetic field to construct an image of the inside of a person's body.
MRI works on the principle of the strong magnetic field, such magnetic fields attract metallic objects with very strong and violent force.
In order to prevent some abnormality during the process of MRI, the technician will always tell you to remove all metallic objects out from an MRI room.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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What did Robert Hooke do to make Sir Isaac Newton mad?
Robert Hooke angered Sir Isaac Newton by making the claim that Newton had been inspired by Hooke's work in Physics.
Who was Robert Hooke?Robert Hooke was a Renaissance Man who was skilled in a variety of fields.
His work Micrographia is one of the most important scientific publications ever published. On July 28, 1635, Robert Hooke was born on the Isle of Wight in England. His parents were Cecily Gyles and Reverend John Hooke. The youngest of their four kids, he was.
Robert's father first noticed his extraordinary knack for complex craftsmanship when he was a young lad. He was confident Robert would end up being a clockmaker or an artist after watching him work on mechanical instruments and admiring the exquisitely detailed sketches he drew.
Therefore, Robert Hooke angered Sir Isaac Newton by making the claim that Newton had been inspired by Hooke's work in Physics.
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If a japanese four o clock flower plant with red flowers is crosses with a japanese four o clock plant with white flowers what will most likely be the outcome
When a homozygous red flowered Japanese four o'clock plant is crossed with a homozygous white flowered plant, all offspring will have pink flowers due to incomplete dominance, resulting in a RW genotype.
Outcome of Cross-Pollinating Japanese Four O' Clock Flowers
If a Japanese four o'clock flower plant with red flowers (homozygous, genotype RR) is crossed with a Japanese four o'clock plant with white flowers (homozygous, genotype WW), the most likely outcome would be offspring with pink flowers. This is because the flower color trait exhibits incomplete dominance, where both the red and white alleles are expressed together, resulting in a blending of the two colors. The genotype of the pink offspring would be RW, with one allele for red and one allele for white.
The red allele (R) and the white allele (W) are not dominant over each other; hence, the resulting flower phenotype in the heterozygous condition (RW) is pink flowers. This phenomenon is a classic example of incomplete dominance in genetics, where the heterozygote expresses a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.
Using a Punnett square, we can predict the genotypic ratio of the offspring from such a cross. All offspring would be heterozygous (RW) with pink flowers, which is clearly different from either parent, since neither red nor white colors appear in the F1 generation.
A lake is drained and filled in order to make room for a new housing development. This is an example of
Answer:
Habitat Destruction
Explanation:
Habitat destruction refers to the act of destruction of natural habitats of other living beings to use the land for human use. A lake is habitat for aquatic organisms and serves as water reservoir. When it is drained to vacate the land and to use it for new housing development, the process is called as habitat destruction.
How would the infection simulation you performed in the last activity have been different if you had performed it for syphilis? what about for malaria?
Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them. anti-immune autoimmune immortal mortal
The correct answer is B. Autoimmune
Explanation:
An autoimmune disease refers to any disease in which the immune system that is in charge of reacting and attacking external pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, attacks the body including healthy cells. Examples of autoimmune diseases include lupus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In the case of Rheumatoid arthritis the immune system attacks different organs or tissues in the body which leads to inflammation, this inflammation occurs mainly in the joints, although it can also happen in the eyes, heart or skin. Therefore, Rheumatoid arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease as it involves the body mistaking healthy cells for invaders.
Compare and contrast an inducible operon and a repressible operon.
Repressible operons are continuously expressed but can be repressed when the product of the biosynthetic pathway accumulates. Inducible operons are only expressed in the presence of a specific substrate. Key differences between the two types of operons lie in their regulation and conditions of expression.
Explanation:Repressible operons and inducible operons are two types of control mechanisms for gene expression in prokaryotic cells. Repressible operons, like the trp operon, contain genes that encode enzymes for a biosynthetic pathway. The operon is continuously expressed unless the product of the pathway, such as tryptophan, accumulates in the cell, repressing the expression. On the other hand, inducible operons, like the lac operon, contain genes for enzymes involved in the metabolism of a specific substrate. The operon is only induced and expressed when the substrate, such as lactose, is available.
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Sam has 17% body fat. according to the lecture, this does not fall into the healthy range of body fat for males.
Beth learned in her science class that white blood cells in the human body capture harmful material by engulfing them. Then they digest them using enzymes, thus protecting the body from infection. Which eukaryotes has a similar mode of nutrition?
Ameoba has the similar mode of nutrition.
Phygocytosis can be defined as the process where phagocytes or living cells engulf or ingest other cells or particles. Thus, phagocytes can be of the body cells such as white blood cell or free living sinlge cell organism such as ameoba. Ameoba uses the process of phagocytosis to eat and acquire nutrients with the use of pseudopods to engulf the particles.
What are the primary products of the complete combustion of fossil fuels?
The main products of the complete combustion of fossil fuels, like gasoline or methane, are water and carbon dioxide. Additionally, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are produced in minor quantities. The release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels contributes to global climate change.
Explanation:The primary products of the complete combustion of fossil fuels, such as gasoline or alkanes like methane and butane, are carbon dioxide and water. This is a consequence of a highly exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction that occurs in the presence of oxygen. To a lesser degree, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are also produced as emissions.
Upon burning fossil fuels, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. This is a result of oxidation, where ancient coal and oil deposits are burned, using oxygen. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing significantly due to global industrial and agricultural developments, further exacerbated by deforestation.
While combustion of fossil fuels meets our energy needs, it is also recognized as a major contributor to global climate change.
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The primary products of complete combustion of fossil fuels are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Explanation:Primary Products of Complete Combustion of Fossil Fuels
The primary products of complete combustion of fossil fuels are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
During the combustion process, the hydrocarbons present in the fossil fuels, such as methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8), react with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide and water.
For example, the complete combustion of methane can be represented by the chemical equation:
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
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Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition a cloud that forms near the ground
Answer:
Fog is a cloud that forms near the ground. Just got 100 on the pre test
Explanation:
Describe the difference between the lytic cycle and lysogeny when bacteriophage infection occurs.
In controlled experiments, members of the experimental group are exposed to the suspected cause by select one:
a. the members of the groups themselves
b. a random process
c. the experimenters
Why doesn’t it seem as if the geosphere ever changes?
Answer:
Because it changes over millions of years.
Explanation:
My main explanation is that's what Gradpoint says.Mary had a baby last year. She is normally very healthy, but has been experiencing some embarrassing symptoms.
Answer:
Stress incontinence
Explanation: it's a condition of involuntary urination during coughing, sneezing, laughing, or other sudden movement. Strengthening these muscles by doing pelvic floor exercises can help prevent this condition.
which of the following is likely to cause a quick change to the earths surface sand dunes canyons deltas landslides
Elizabeth is 90 years of age. compared to when she was 30 years of age, her _____ now. cells require more energy arteries are less flexible stomach secretes more intrinsic factor skin is more elastic
The answer is ‘arteries are less flexible’. This is why the older you get the more predisposed you are to cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure. However, regular exercise may delay this development. The barometers in the blood vessels also become less sensitive hence these vessels become less responsive to blood pressure changes.
The Plates Are able to shift ans flex because they "float" on a soft,flexible layer called the ______ (answer the rest pls)
Answer: The plates are able to shift and flex because the float on a soft layer called asthenosphere.
Explanation:
Asthenosphere is the layer of the Earth's mantle that is below the lithosphere.
It is a ductile and weak part of the Earth that is about 180km thick.
It is the layer of solid rock that is been pressurized and heat the rocks can flow like a fluid in response to deformation.
Plates are able to shift and flex because it is flexible and soft.
In general, cofactors and coenzymes assist with
A. catabolic metabolism. B. enzymatic reactions. C. hydrolytic reactions. D. anabolic metabolism.
In general, the catabolic reactions are assisted by cofactors and coenzymes. The correct option is A.
What are cofactors?A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme to perform its function as a catalyst.
In general, cofactors and coenzymes assist with catabolic metabolism.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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what sperates the left and right side of the heart
Aside from the nucleus, where else can a small amount of dna be found in a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus is not the only source of DNA, besides it, DNA is also found in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells, as well as in the chloroplasts of plant cells and such DNA is called extrachromosomal DNA.
The DNA from the mitochondria (mtDNA) and chloroplasts are small and circular, which are similar to the prokaryotic DNA.
mtDNA contains its own genes that encode proteins that are part of the electron transport chain.
Chloroplast DNA encodes for the components of the photosynthetic pathway.
Apart from the nucleus, DNA can also be found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts (in plant cells) of eukaryotic cells. These organelles can maintain and express their own DNA.
Explanation:In a eukaryotic cell, apart from the nucleus, a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts (only in plant cells). These organelles are unique in their ability to maintain and express their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA. For example, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally and is essential in oxidative phosphorylation - a process vital for energy production within the cell. Similarly, in plant cells, chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) aids in photosynthesis.
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