Answer:
the first one
Explanation:
as it contains in the product N so its the forst
Calculate the change in molar Gibbs energy of carbon dioxide (treated as a perfect gas) at 20°C when its pressure is changed isothermally from 1.0 bar to (a) 2.0 bar and (b) 0.000 27 atm, its partial pressure in air.
Answer:
a) ΔG = 1688.5 J/mol = 1.7 kJ/mol
b) ΔG = 21673.3 J/mol = 21.7 kJ/mol
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Temperature = 20.0 °C = 293 K
Initial temperature = 1.0 bar = 0.986923 atm
Final temperature = 2.0 bar = 1.97385 atm
Step 2: Calculate
ΔG = RT * ln (Pt / Pi)
⇒with R = 8.314 J/K* mol
⇒with T = 293K
⇒with Pt = final pressure = 1.97385 atm
⇒with Pi = the initial pressure = 0.986923 atm
ΔG = 8.314 J/mol*K *293 K * ln (1.97385/0.986923)
ΔG = 8.314 J/mol*K *293 K * 0.693
ΔG = 1688.5 J/mol = 1.7 kJ/mol
(b) 0.000 27 atm
Step 3:
ΔG = RT * ln (Pt / Pi)
⇒with R = 8.314 J/K* mol
⇒with T = 293K
⇒with Pt = final pressure = 1.97385 atm
⇒with Pi = the initial pressure = 0.00027 atm
ΔG = 8.314 J/mol*K *293 K * ln (1.97385/0.00027)
ΔG = 8.314 J/mol*K *293 K * 8.897
ΔG = 21673.3 J/mol = 21.7 kJ/mol
The molar Gibbs energy change of carbon dioxide at 20°C when its pressure is changed from 1.0 bar to 2.0 bar is 4.08 kJ/mol, and when changed from 1.0 bar to 0.00027 atm is -34.65 kJ/mol.
Explanation:The molar Gibbs energy change of a substance can be calculated using the equation ΔG = RT ln(Pf/Pi), where ΔG is the change in molar Gibbs energy, R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, Pf is the final pressure, and Pi is the initial pressure.
Given that temperature (T) is 20°C or 293.15 K, R is 8.314 J/K/mol (universal gas constant), Pi is 1.0 bar, and the pressures Pf are (a) 2.0 bar and (b) 0.00027 atm respectively. We also note that 1 bar is roughly equivalent to 0.986923 atm.
(a) When Pf is 2.0 bar, ΔG = (8.314 J/K/mol)*293.15 K*ln(2.0/1.0) = 4.08 kJ/mol.
(b) When Pf is 0.00027 atm, ΔG = (8.314 J/K/mol)*293.15 K*ln(0.00027/0.986923) = -34.65 kJ/mol.
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If it takes 43.32 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to neutralize a 50 mL HCl solution, what is the molarity of HCI?
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A redox reaction involves the reduction of one substance (gaining electron(s)) and the oxidation (losing electron(s)) of another. examples of reduction and oxidation are shown below. combine the two reactions below like algebraic equations and write the net, or overall, redox equation.
Answer:
Your question is incomplete.
But what I can help you with is once a redox reaction occurs, one element oxidizes and another is reduced, generating the equilibrium of the reaction.
On the other hand, it is important to clarify all the redox reactions, reactions of reducing factors (positive protons) and oxygen that oxidize.
Explanation:
example:
Reduction half-reaction: {2 e ^ - + Cu ^ 2 + -> Cu} {2 e ^ - + Cu ^ 2 + -> Cu}
Half oxidation reaction: {Fe -> Fe ^ 2 + + 2 e ^ -} {Fe -> Fe ^ 2 + + 2 e ^ -}
or more frequently, also called general equation:
{Fe + Cu ^ 2 + -> Fe ^ 2 + + Cu} {Fe + Cu ^ 2 + -> Fe ^ 2 + + Cu}
Chemistry Help!
Pressure has the greatest effect on the solubility of
Group of answer choices
a. gases in liquids.
b. solids in liquids.
c. liquids in liquids
d. liquids in liquids
Answer:A
Explanation:Henry’s Law
Final answer:
Pressure has very little effect on the solubility of solids or liquids, but has a significant effect on the solubility of gases.
Explanation:
Pressure has very little effect on the solubility of solids or liquids, but has a significant effect on the solubility of gases. Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of a gas above the liquid increases. For example, when carbonated beverages are packaged, they are done so under high CO₂ pressure so that a large amount of carbon dioxide dissolves in the liquid. When the bottle is open, the equilibrium is disrupted because the CO₂ pressure above the liquid decreases, causing bubbles of CO₂ to rapidly exit the solution and escape out of the top of the open bottle.
You are high up in the mountains and boil water to make some tea However, when you drink your tea, it is not as hot as it should be. You try again and again, but the water is just not hot enough to make a hot cup of tea. Which is the best explanation for this result? High in the mountains, the air pressure is significantly less than 1 atm, so the boiling point of water is much lower than at sea level.
Answer:
The air pressure is significantly less than 1 atm, so the boiling point of water is much lower than at sea level.
Explanation:
This has to do with Gay Lussac's Law (a.k.a pressure law) which in essence means that when pressure goes up, temperature goes up and when pressure decreases, temperature decreases. This is why when the air pressure is signifcantly less than 1 atm (the pressure at sea level), the boiling point of water is much lower than at sea level.
The best explanation for the scenerio is : High in the mountains , the air pressure is significantly less than 1 atm, so the boiling point if water is much lower than at sea level.
The higher you go above sea level the lower the air pressure and this will significantly affect the temperature at which certain liquids ( water ) will boil. therefore the boiling point of water will be much lower than at sea level.
In this scenerio the application of Gay Lussac's law comes in
Gay Lussac's law states that the pressure of gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume
Hence we can conclude that The best explanation for the scenerio is : High in the mountains , the air pressure is significantly less than 1 atm, so the boiling point if water is much lower than at sea level.
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A tire at 21°C has a pressure of 0.82 atm. Its temperature decreases to –3.5°C. If there is no volume change in the tire, what is the pressure after the temperature change?
Answer:
a
Explanation:
0.75
Answer:
the answer is a
Explanation:
What is a chemical property? It is a characteristic of matter that can be observed without changing its identity. It is a characteristic of matter that can be observed when it changes phases. It is a characteristic of matter that is observable only when the substance is by itself. It is a characteristic of matter that describes its ability to change into a different substance
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, the correct option is option D.
What is matter?Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.
Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter.
So as we saw that matter has some mass so mass can be measured in gram only. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. We also saw that matter occupy some volume and that volume is measured only in liter. Chemical property is a characteristic of matter that describes its ability to change into a different substance.
Therefore, the correct option is option D.
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I need both answers please.
Answer:
For the first one it is x=π/3+2πn and 2π/3+2πn and for the second one it is π/2
Explanation:
Kat is investigating a compound and sees that it has even stronger hydrogen bonds than water. What can kat conclude is most likely true about the specific heat of this compound
Answer:
It is higher than that of water
Explanation:
Because we now know that through experimentation, the new compound has a higher and stronger hydrogen bonds than water, the specific heat capacity will be higher.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of as substance by 1°C.
This property is a physical property of matter . Most physical properties are a function of intermolecular forces in a compound. Since hydrogen bond is a very strong intermolecular force, the specific heat capacity will be stronger for the compound discovered. This implies that it will require more heat to raise the temperature of a unit mass of this compound by 1°C.Answer:
It is higher than that of water
Explanation:
i just finnished the quiz
Both light and sound travel in the form of waves that are created by a transfer of ____
Answer: Radioactivity
Explanation:
How might a lack of sunlight disrupt the food web?
Producers would die, and if producers died, consumers would die too. ... food chains show energy being transferred and food webs show organisms linked to each other.
Two-thirds of the sulfur dioxide that pollutes the air is produced by
Answer:
Power plants.
Explanation:
When power plants start the burning coal process, the chemical bonds carrying its carbon atoms are brake down and releasing energy also carrying heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium into the atmosphere.
When the sulfur which is present in coal reacts with oxygen it produces sulfur dioxide and they the ability to combines with other lethal toxic molecules that are found in the atmosphere and form small, acidic particulates that can cause several diseases in humans.
Fe2o3 + 3C —> 2Fe +3CO
Name the first reactant:
How many total atoms on the reactant side:
How many total atoms on the product side:
Answer:
1. iron(III) oxide
2. 8
3. 8
Explanation:
Know the naming rules
Reactants on left side products on right side
The first reactant is Fe2O3, with 5 total atoms on both sides.
Explanation:The first reactant in the equation Fe2O3 + 3C —> 2Fe + 3CO is Fe2O3, which represents iron(III) oxide.
On the reactant side, there are a total of 5 atoms (2 Fe atoms and 3 O atoms from Fe2O3, and 3 C atoms).
On the product side, there are a total of 5 atoms (2 Fe atoms from 2Fe and 3 C atoms from 3CO).
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The pH scale is actually measuring the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. If there is a high concentration of H+ ions, then the pH of the solution will be
Answer : The pH of the solution will be less than 7.
Explanation :
pH : It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion or hydronium ion concentration.
Mathematically,
[tex]pH=-\log [H^+][/tex]
When the pH less than 7 then the solution is acidic and the concentration of hydrogen ion is greater than hydroxide ion.When the pH more than 7 then the solution is basic and the concentration of hydrogen ion is less than hydroxide ion.When the pH is equal to 7 then the solution is neutral and the concentration of hydrogen ion is equal to the hydroxide ion.As per question, if there is a high concentration of hydrogen ions then its pH become less than 7 and the solution will be acidic.
Hence, the pH of the solution will be less than 7.
Answer:
low
Explanation:
What are the three domains of life?
Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi
class, kingdom, and phylum
Eubacteria, family, and Eukarya
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Which statements correctly describe atmospheric pressure?
Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in the system when 1.24 mol of isopropyl alcohol (c3h8o) melts at its melting point (-89.5 ∘c). heat of fusion is 5.37 kj/mol.
Answer: The change in entropy that occurs in the system is 36.3 J/Kmol
Explanation:
Given : 1 mole of isopropyl alcohol gives heat = 5.37 kJ
Thus 1.24 moles of isopropyl alcohol gives heat = [tex]\frac{5.37}{1}\times 1.24=6.66 kJ[/tex]
To calculate the temperature , we use the equation:
[tex]\Delta S_f=\frac{\Delta H_{f}}{T}[/tex]
where,
[tex]\Delta S_f[/tex] = Entropy of fusion = ?
[tex]\Delta H_{f}[/tex] = enthalpy of fusion = 6.66 kJ/mol = 6660 J/mol (1kJ=1000J)
T = melting point = [tex]-89.5^0C=(273-89.5)K=183.5K[/tex]
[tex]\Delta S_f=\frac{6660J/mol}{183.5K}=36.3J/Kmol[/tex]
Thus the change in entropy that occurs in the system is 36.3 J/Kmol
Which of these statements would be true if the water molecule was linear instead of bent? Check all that apply.
The molecule would be polar.
The molecule would contain polar covalent bonds.
Water would no longer produce hydrogen bonds.
The special properties of water would still be exhibited.
If the water molecule was linear instead of bent the water would no longer produce hydrogen bonds.
Explanation:
Yes, If the water molecule was linear instead of bent the water would no longer produce hydrogen bonds.The water would no longer generate hydrogen bonds. It will lose its polar features and nearly all of its features will change such as boiling point, water tension and solubility. It would be more like to gas, rather than liquid. If the water was in the linear, the water would have all the features and it would produce the hydrogen bonds.Answer:
2 and 3 are correct
Explanation:
The rate law for a reaction is rate = k[A]2. What is the overall order of this reaction, and which two varaibles, when graphed, will give a straight line for this reaction? A. first order, In[A]t versus t B. first order, 1/[A]t versus t C. second order, In[A]t versus t D. second order, 1/[A]t versus t
Answer:
D. second order, 1/[A]t versus t
Explanation:
Since the power of the concentration is 2 in the rate law, it is a second order reaction. Also, for a second order reaction, the variables that would yield a straight line when graphed are 1/[A]t versus t
Final answer:
The overall order of the reaction is 2 (second-order). A plot of 1/[A]t versus t will give a straight line for this reaction.
Explanation:
The overall order of the reaction is 2, which means it is a second-order reaction. This is because the rate law is rate = k[A]2, indicating that the reaction rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of A.
A plot of 1/[A]t versus t will give a straight line for this reaction. This is because the integrated rate law for second-order reactions has the form of the equation of a straight line: kt + [A]o = 1/[A]t. If the plot of 1/[A]t versus t is not a straight line, the reaction is not second order.
what information is required to calculate the average atomic mass of an element
Answer:
The average atomic mass of an element is the sum of the masses of its isotopes, each multiplied by its natural abundance
Explanation:
To determine the average atomic mass, we require abundance of every isotope in the nature.
Average atomic mass is defined as the sum of masses of each isotope each multiplied by their natural fractional abundance.
At an elevated temperature, Kp=4.2 x 10^-9 for the reaction 2HBr (g)---> +H2(g) + Br2 (g). If the initial partial pressures of HBr, H2, and Br2 are 1.0 x 10^-2 atm, 2.0 x 10^-4 atm, and 2.0 x 10^-4 atm, respecivtely, what is the equilbrium partial pressure of H2?
Answer : The partial pressure of [tex]H_2[/tex] at equilibrium is, 1.0 × 10⁻⁶
Explanation :
The partial pressure of [tex]HBr[/tex] = [tex]1.0\times 10^{-2}atm[/tex]
The partial pressure of [tex]H_2[/tex] = [tex]2.0\times 10^{-4}atm[/tex]
The partial pressure of [tex]Br_2[/tex] = [tex]2.0\times 10^{-4}atm[/tex]
[tex]K_p=4.2\times 10^{-9}[/tex]
The balanced equilibrium reaction is,
[tex]2HBr(g)\rightleftharpoons H_2(g)+Br_2(g)[/tex]
Initial pressure 1.0×10⁻² 2.0×10⁻⁴ 2.0×10⁻⁴
At eqm. (1.0×10⁻²-2p) (2.0×10⁻⁴+p) (2.0×10⁻⁴+p)
The expression of equilibrium constant [tex]K_p[/tex] for the reaction will be:
[tex]K_p=\frac{(p_{H_2})(p_{Br_2})}{(p_{HBr})^2}[/tex]
Now put all the values in this expression, we get :
[tex]4.2\times 10^{-9}=\frac{(2.0\times 10^{-4}+p)(2.0\times 10^{-4}+p)}{(1.0\times 10^{-2}-2p)^2}[/tex]
[tex]p=-1.99\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
The partial pressure of [tex]H_2[/tex] at equilibrium = (2.0×10⁻⁴+(-1.99×10⁻⁴) )= 1.0 × 10⁻⁶
Therefore, the partial pressure of [tex]H_2[/tex] at equilibrium is, 1.0 × 10⁻⁶
A student finds that 4700 J of heat are required to raise the temperature of 250.0 g of metal X from 22°C to 63°C. Based on the data in the table, what is the identity of metal X based upon finding the specific heat?
Explanation:
the answer and explanation is in the picture
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A student finds that 4700 J of heat are required to raise the temperature of 250.0 g of metal X from 22°C to 63°C. 0. 459J/g/C is the identity of metal X.
What is specific heat ?The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree is defined as specific heat.
Heat capacity, also known as specific heat, is the amount of heat required per unit mass to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.
Specific heat is useful in determining processing temperatures and the amount of heat required for processing, as well as in distinguishing between two polymeric composites.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is typically determined by measuring the heat capacity of a sample of the substance, usually with a calorimeter, and dividing by the sample's mass.
Given:
Heat = 4700 J
M = 250.0 g
T = 63 - 22 = 41°C
4700 = 250 ×C× 41
4700 = 10250 × C
C = 459J/g/C
Thus, A student finds that 4700 J of heat are required to raise the temperature of 250.0 g of metal X from 22°C to 63°C. 0. 459J/g/C is the identity of metal X.
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CaCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2AGCI (s)
If 25.0 mL of a 2.00 M CaCl2 solution is used for the reaction
shown above, how many moles of chloride ions were involved
in the reaction? — moles
Answer:
There are 0.100 moles chlorine ions (Cl-) involved
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Volume of CaCl2 = 25.0 mL = 0.025 L
Molarity of CaCl2 = 2.00 M
Step 2: The balanced equation
CaCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) ⇆ Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2AgCI (s)
CaCl2 → Ca^2+ + 2Cl-
Step 3: Calculate moles CaCl2
Moles CaCl2 = molarity CaCl* volume
Moles CaCl2 = 2.00 M * 0.025 L
Moles CaCl2 = 0.050 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles chloride ions
CaCl2 → Ca^2+ + 2Cl-
For 1 mol CaCl2 we have 1 mol Ca^2+ and 2 moles Cl-
Moles Cl- ions = 2*0.050 moles
Moles Cl- ions = 0.100 moles
There are 0.100 moles chlorine ions (Cl-) involved
The reaction of 25.0 mL of a 2.00 M CaCl2 solution provides 0.100 moles of chloride ions for the reaction, based on the stoichiometry that shows each mole of CaCl2 gives two moles of chloride ions.
Explanation:To calculate how many moles of chloride ions were involved in the reaction where 25.0 mL of a 2.00 M CaCl2 solution is used, we must first understand the stoichiometry of the reaction:
CaCl2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2AgCl(s)
From the balanced equation, we see that each mole of CaCl2 provides two moles of Cl− ions. To find the moles of CaCl2, we use the concentration and volume of the solution:
(2.00 moles/L) × (0.025 L) = 0.050 moles of CaCl2
Since there are two moles of Cl− for every mole of CaCl2, we multiply the moles of CaCl2 by 2:
0.050 moles × 2 = 0.100 moles of chloride ions
An aqueous solution of methylamine (ch3nh2) has a ph of 10.68. how many grams of methylamine are there in 100.0 ml of the solution?
There are approximately 0.0105 grams of methylamine in 100.0 mL of the solution.
To solve this problem, we need to follow these steps:
**1. Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration:**
* pH = 10.68
* pOH = 14 - pH = 3.32
* [OH-] = 10^(-pOH) = 10^(-3.32) = 4.74 x 10^-4 M
**2. Calculate the Kb of methylamine:**
* Ka = 2.5 x 10^-11 (pKa = 10.60)
* Since methylamine is a weak base, Kb = 1/Ka = 4.0 x 10^-4
* Kb = [CH3NH3+][OH-] / [CH3NH2]
**3. Express the concentration of CH3NH2 in terms of the remaining concentration:**
* Let x be the initial concentration of CH3NH2 (in M).
* At equilibrium, some CH3NH2 will react with water, forming CH3NH3+ and OH-.
* The remaining concentration of CH3NH2 will be x - [OH-].
**4. Substitute concentrations and solve for x:**
* Kb = [CH3NH3+][OH-] / [CH3NH2]
* Kb = ((x - [OH-]) * [OH-]) / (x - [OH-])
* 4.0 x 10^-4 = (x * 4.74 x 10^-4) / (x - 4.74 x 10^-4)
* Solving this equation for x gives x = 0.0034 M
**5. Calculate the moles and grams of methylamine:**
* Moles of CH3NH2 = (0.0034 M) * (0.1 L) = 0.00034 mol
* Molar mass of CH3NH2 = 31.05 g/mol
* Mass of CH3NH2 = (0.00034 mol) * (31.05 g/mol) = 0.0105 g
Therefore, there are approximately 0.0105 grams of methylamine in 100.0 mL of the solution.
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Which section of the graph represents the vaporization of the substance?
a. V
b. I
c. IV
d. lll
e. ll
Answer:
if multiple choice e. d. a. if not e.
Explanation:
Fluorine gas reacts with aqueous iron (II) iodide to produce aqueous iron (II) fluoride and iodine liquid. What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction? Group of answer choices F+ Fe2 I → Fe2 F + FeI2 → FeF2 + I 2 F + FeI2 → FeF2 + 2 I F2 + 2 Fe2I → 2 Fe2 F + I2
Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between fluorine gas and aqueous iron (II) iodide is F₂ + 2 FeI₂ → 2 FeF₂ + I₂, indicating the direct combination of these substances to form new products.
Explanation:
The reaction between fluorine gas and aqueous iron (II) iodide to produce aqueous iron (II) fluoride and iodine liquid can be represented as a balanced chemical equation. When writing a balanced chemical equation, it is vital to ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the products side, adhering to the law of conservation of mass.
The correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
F₂ + 2 FeI₂ → 2 FeF₂ + I₂
Here, one mole of fluorine gas reacts with two moles of iron (II) iodide to produce two moles of iron (II) fluoride and one mole of iodine.
A reaction is most likely to occur when reactant particles collide with
Answer: Sufficient amount of energy and appropriate orientation.
Explanation:
A chemical reaction is most likely to occur when reactant particles collide with sufficient amount of energy needed to break bonds and
appropriate orientation .
What type of energy can be generated by splitting atoms?
Answer:
Nuclear energy
Explanation:
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1. Every substance is either an element or a(n)______________.
(molecular, diatomic, compound,nonmetals)
2. A compound is either _________ or ionic in nature.
(molecular, diatomic, compound,nonmetals)
3. Most molecular compounds are composed of two or more _________.
(molecular, diatomic, compound,nonmetals)
4. Molecules consisting of two atoms are ____________ molecules.
(molecular, diatomic, compound,nonmetals)
5. The chemical formula of a molecular compound is a ________.
(low, molecular formula, high, structure, atoms)
6. Molecular compounds tend to have __________ melting and boiling points.
(low, molecular formula, high, structure, atoms)
7. Ionic compounds tend to have _________ melting and boiling points.
(low, molecular formula, high, structure, atoms)
8. A molecular formula shows how many _________ of each element a molecular contains, but it does not indicate the __________ of the molecule.
(low, molecular formula, high, structure, atoms)
The properties of elements and compounds.
Explanation:1. Every substance is either an element or a(n) compound.2. A compound is either molecular or ionic in nature.
3. Most molecular compounds are composed of two or more atoms.
4. Molecules consisting of two atoms are diatomic molecules.
5. The chemical formula of a molecular compound is a molecular formula.
6. Molecular compounds tend to have low melting and boiling points.
7. Ionic compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points.
8. A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a molecular contains, but it does not indicate the structure of the molecule.
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Given a diprotic acid, h2a, with two ionization constants of ka1 = 2.3× 10–4 and ka2 = 3.0× 10–12, calculate the ph for a 0.107 m solution of naha.
To calculate the pH of a 0.107 M NaHA solution, where HA is part of a diprotic acid with given Ka values, HA^-− dissociates in water according to its first ionization step. The pH is determined using the Ka1 value and is calculated to be approximately 1.80.
Explanation:To calculate the pH for a 0.107 M solution of NaHA, where HA is a diprotic acid (H2A), given Ka1 = 2.3× 10–4 and Ka2 = 3.0× 10–12, we first need to consider what happens when NaHA dissolves in water.
NaHA will dissociate to form NA+ and HA−. Since the concentration of NaHA is relatively high and Ka1 is significantly greater than Ka2, we can assume that the HA− will primarily dissociate according to the first ionization step, while the second ionization can be neglected in this approximation.
The ionization can be represented as:
HA−(aq) + H2O(l) → A2−(aq) + H3O+(aq).
Writing the expression for Ka1 we have:
Ka1 = [H3O+][A2−]/[HA−].
Assuming that [H3O+] = [A2−], we can simplify this to:
Ka1 = [H3O+]^2/[HA−].
Rearranging and solving for [H3O+], we get:
[H3O+] = √(Ka1 × [HA−]). Substituting the given values in:
[H3O+] = √(2.3× 10–4 × 0.107) = √(2.461× 10–4) ≈ 1.57× 10–2.
Using the formula for pH, pH = -log[H3O+], we find:
pH = -log(1.57× 10–2) ≈ 1.80.
Thus, the pH of the 0.107 M NaHA solution is approximately 1.80.
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The pH of a 0.107 M solution of NaHA, derived from the diprotic acid H₂A, is calculated to be approximately 6.24.
To calculate the pH of a 0.107 M solution of NaHA, a salt derived from the diprotic acid H₂A, we will consider that NaHA will primarily exist as HA⁻ in the solution. This involves both the first and second ionization constants of the diprotic acid.
Given:
Ka1 = 2.3 × 10⁻⁴Ka2 = 3.0 × 10⁻¹²Concentration of NaHA (HA⁻) = 0.107 MStep-by-step calculation:
The dissolution of NaHA completely dissociates into Na⁺ and HA⁻. Adding NaHA will increase [HA⁻].The equilibrium for the second dissociation step of the diprotic acid H₂A (HA⁻ ⇌ H⁺ + A²⁻) is significant here:Ka₂ = [H⁺][A²⁻] / [HA⁻]
Assume the initial concentration of HA⁻ is approximately equal to the initial concentration of NaHA (0.107 M) as the dissociation is minimal. Let the change in concentration be 'x.'
Hence:
Ka₂ = 3.0 × 10⁻¹² = (x)(x) / (0.107 - x) ≈ x² / 0.107
Solving for 'x':
x = [H⁺] = √(Ka₂ × 0.107) = √(3.0 × 10⁻¹² × 0.107) ≈ 5.7 × 10⁻⁷ M
pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(5.7 × 10⁻⁷) ≈ 6.24
Therefore, the pH of a 0.107 M solution of NaHA is approximately 6.24