Final answer:
Cocaine creates a sense of exhilaration by preventing the reuptake of dopamine in the brain, which stimulates the pleasure centers leading to a euphoric "high". This is followed by a rapid depletion of dopamine, causing cravings for the drug.
Explanation:
Cocaine induces a sense of exhilaration by increasing the availability of dopamine and serotonin in synapses. It acts as a stimulant by preventing nerve cells from reabsorbing dopamine, thus allowing high levels of this neurotransmitter to stimulate the pleasure centers of the brain. This enhancement of dopamine action is responsible for the euphoric "high" associated with cocaine use, as well as its addictive properties. After use, dopamine levels are quickly depleted, leading to a craving for more cocaine to regain the pleasurable sensation.
Describe how earth scientists use fossil clues to know where to look for oil.
Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2500 kcal/day. based on this information, her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy. 1800 2000 2500 2200
An obese adolescent who has short stature and is hyperphagic is diagnosed with hypogonadism. which congenital disorder may be present in this adolescent?
Prader-Willi syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome is a congenital disorder that influences many parts of the body. Its distinguishing features are hypogonadism , difficulty in feeding, hypotonia, stunted growth and development. The onset of this syndrome causes an infected individual to develop an insatiable appetite which may result in chronic overeating (hyperphagia) and overweight. For the question given above, Prader-Willi syndrome disorder may be present in this adolescent.
Three months after fertilization and development of a placenta around the developing fetus, the corpus luteum regresses and forms the
_____ is any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs.
a. melanosis
b. ileum
c. ilium
d. leukocyte
Melanosis is a condition characterized by unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs.
Explanation:Melanosis is any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs. It can occur in various parts of the body, such as the skin, nails, or inner organs. Melanosis can be caused by an overproduction or accumulation of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair color.
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_____ provide defense against viruses, abnormal cells, and other intercellular pathogens.
Where and in what form is prokaryotic dna found? where is eukaryotic dna found?
Prokaryotic DNA is found in the cytoplasm, specifically within a region called the 'nucleoid', and is typically in a circular form. Eukaryotic DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell and is linear, forming chromatin and chromosomes.
Explanation:In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is found in the cytoplasm, more specifically within a region called the 'nucleoid'. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus, so the DNA is not contained within a nuclear envelope. The DNA in prokaryotic cells is typically in a circular form.
On the other hand, in eukaryotic cells, the DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell, which is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope. Unlike prokaryotic DNA, eukaryotic DNA is linear and associated with proteins to form a material called chromatin, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
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What can insects tell us about a victim's death? body farm video?
Insects provide valuable information in forensic science by indicating the time since death, the presence of drugs or poisons, and whether a body has been moved after death. The study of insects on remains aids in solving crimes such as murders and poaching and contributes to a branch called environmental forensic entomotoxicology.
Insects play a pivotal role in forensic science, particularly forensic entomology, which is the study of insect biodiversity and its application in criminal investigations. Insects such as flies and beetles are the primary decomposers of carcasses, and their presence can reveal critical information regarding the time of death, whether the victim was exposed to drugs or poisons, and even if the remains were moved post-mortem. For example, forensic entomologists can examine the age of maggot larvae on a decomposing carcass to determine the minimum time that has passed since death. This is because certain species of flies, like blow flies, are known to arrive and lay eggs on a carcass very shortly after death occurs.
In the context of poaching and environmental crimes, the type of insects found on animal remains can indicate whether toxins were present in the animal's tissue, which may point to the use of poisons or pollutants. Moreover, if carcass remains contain insect species not native to the region where they were found, this could imply that the remains were moved. Such is the case with poached African animal parts that harbour Asian insects, suggesting a transcontinental journey. This aspect of forensic entomology, known as environmental forensic entomotoxicology, integrates the study of insect diversity with environmental conservation and toxicology.
How is the urinary bladder suspended?
The urinary bladder is suspended by the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms along with connective tissue.
The urinary bladder is a highly distensible organ, able to hold varying amounts of urine, typically from nearly zero to 500-600 mL in adults. The bladder's structure includes layers of smooth muscle known as the detrusor muscle, as well as an interior lined with transitional epithelium. This epithelium has the unique property of being able to transition from a columnar to a squamous appearance as it stretches, which is essential for accommodating fluctuations in the volume of urine.
The urinary bladder rests on the pelvic floor and is supported by pelvic and urogenital diaphragms, as well as associated connective tissue. The function of the bladder is to collect and store urine excreted from the kidneys until it is ready to be eliminated from the body during urination. As the bladder fills, it triggers the autonomic nervous system to stimulate the detrusor muscle to contract and expel urine through the urethra.
After the industrial revolution, dark-colored moths outnumbered light-colored moths in certain regions of england. within the past 40 years, factories in these regions have added scrubbers and air purifiers to their smokestacks, and the relative number of light-colored moths has increased. the probable reason for this increase is that
The increase in light-colored moths is linked to the reduction in industrial pollution. As environmental changes occurred, lighter moths became better camouflaged and their populations increased—a phenomena known as industrial melanism and an example of directional selection.
Explanation:The increase in light-colored moths can be attributed to a biological process called directional selection, linked to changes in industrial pollution levels. During the Industrial Revolution in England, dark-colored moths—specifically Peppered Moths (Biston betularia)—predominated due to the camouflaging effect of soot-covered landscapes, which offered them protection against predators. Factories discharged soot, which darkened the environment and provided a favorable background for the dark-colored moths, making them less visible to predators.
However, as factories began to incorporate scrubbers and air purifiers, which reduced pollution levels, the color of the environment gradually lightened. This shift, in turn, favored the light-colored moths, which became better camouflaged against the cleaner environment, hence their increase in number. This phenomenon, known as industrial melanism, showcases how environmental factors can direct natural selection.
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Once an egg cell is fertilized by sperm, the cell _______. then, as the embryo develops, it receives nourishment and eliminates wastes by transferring substances from its blood to its mother's bloo
The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.
a. atria and alveolar sacs
b. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
c. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
d. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
The respiratory membrane, important for gas exchange, is made up of the combined alveolar and capillary walls and their joined basement membranes.
Explanation:The respiratory membrane is a combination of alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes. This membrane serves as the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system. Oxygen from the air we inhale diffuses across this membrane from the alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs) into the capillaries (tiny blood vessels), while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction from the capillaries back into the alveoli to be exhaled. Therefore, the correct answer is c. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes.
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This part of the brain is not a part of the brainstem that is significantly involved in motor control?
The basal ganglia, not part of the brainstem, are significantly involved in motor control and can lead to motor impairments if damaged.
The part of the brain that is not a part of the brainstem and is significantly involved in motor control is the basal ganglia. While the brainstem, consisting of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons, is crucial for motor control, as well as a wide array of other autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate, the basal ganglia play a distinct role in movement control and posture. Damage to the basal ganglia can lead to motor impairments which are often seen in conditions such as Parkinson's disease.
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? stoma vascular bundle mitochondrion chloroplast
Answer: The correct answer is- Chloroplast.
Photosynthesis is a process of formation of food (that is a carbohydrate) in green plants and algae by using CO2 (carbon dioxide) and water in the presence of sunlight.
This process takes place in a specialized membrane bound organelle that is termed as chloroplast.
This organelle contains a green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
The chemical energy is then utilized in the formation of carbohydrate (glucose) in the next phase, which is a light independent phase.
Thus, chloroplast is the right answer.
In order for multicellular organisms to maintain homeostasis
A. their cells must continually grow in size.
B. their organ systems must work together.
C. their cells must all be identical.
D. each cell must act like an individual organism.
In close comparisons, external fertilization often yields more offspring than does internal fertilization. however, internal fertilization typically offers the advantage that _____.
The characteristics of an organism that helps it survive in a given environment is called:
Which will make a population have more genetic variation apex?
Answer: Mutations
Explanation:
Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity?which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity?cerebral cortexdiencephalonbrain stemcerebellum?
Most deaths from heart attacks occur within ______ from the onset of symptoms.
Answer: 2 hours
The other term for heart attack is myocardial infarction (MI) and these occurs when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart muscle is severely reduced or cut off completely due to blood clot or the heart muscle become narrow from a buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances that together are called plaque.
The heart muscle starts to die within 80-90 minutes after it stops getting blood supply, and this critical time is a window of opportunity that influences a patient's survival and quality of life following a heart attack. If no medical intervention is done within two hours from the onset of symptoms, death occurs.
What types of foods supply sugar, starch, proteins and lipids?
The type of food that supply carbohydrates, starch, proteins, and lipids are:
Carbohydrates: Fruits like grapes, sugary drinks, barley, oats, bread, desserts, veggies, egg, and milk
Starch: Potato, rice, peas, corn, grains, bread, tubers, barley, oats
Proteins: Soyabeans, meat, egg, milk, pulses, cheese, tofu
Lipids: Egg, meat, vegetable oil, fish oil, milk, cheese, yeast
In which of the conditions would oxygen release from hemoglobin be increased?
The condition that oxygen released from hemoglobin will be increased is ;
During the run of the Iron Man Triathlon on a hot, humid day ( B )Although the options to your question is missing below are the missing options related to your question
A) Relaxing and reading a book
B) During the run of the Iron Man Triathlon on a hot, humid day.
C) Taking a leisurely walk through a park.
D) During a round of golf on a cool, cloudy day.
When the body undergoes strenuous activities or challenging sport activity like running under harsh weather conditions, the heart rate increases which leads to the increase in the flow rate of blood which carries oxygen in the body.
The release oxygen from hemoglobin is to replenish the energy and oxygen lost during a strenuous exercise by an individual.
Hence we can conclude that the conditions that oxygen release from hemoglobin will be increased is, during the run of the Iron Man Triathlon on a hot, humid day.
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The vulnerability of monocultures was seen in 1970 when a fungal epidemic devastated what U.S. crop?
What would happen if dna gyrase malfunctioned during dna replication?
The use of Chemicals such as formaldehyde and asbestos has decreased because they have been
The use of chemicals such as formaldehyde and asbestos has decreased because they have been linked to uncontrolled meiotic cell division and are associated with public health concerns. The correct answer is D. linked to uncontrolled meiotic cell division.
The decrease in the use of formaldehyde and asbestos is predominantly due to their linkage with serious health issues like cancer and reproductive problems, as well as their environmentally damaging properties such as persistence and bioaccumulation.
Exposure to these substances has been found to cause various health issues, such as cancer, reproductive problems, and developmental toxicity. For instance, chemicals can act directly on cells or induce a mutation in a parent's germ cell, leading to abnormalities in the embryo or even cancer due to their mutagenic properties.
In agriculture, chemical-induced male sterility has been used to prevent the production of viable pollen without affecting seed development. However, the control of production and exposure to mutagens is a critical aspect of green chemistry. This is to protect against the potential carcinogenic effects, as substances causing mutations are often also capable of causing cancer.
Additionally, persistent and bioaccumulative pesticides, which include harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde and asbestos, have environmental and health implications due to their tendency not to biodegrade and to concentrate in the food chain, posing risks like cancer, neurological issues, and endocrine disruption.
Complete question:
The use of chemicals such as formaldehyde and asbestos has decreased because they have been A found to cause sterility in plants B replaced by more toxic chemicals C found to increase the incidence of mutations D linked to uncontrolled meiotic cell division.
An organism facing extinction through destruction of habitat; the process may threaten the survival, abundance or evolutionary development of the species. example: bald eagle
Answer:
threatened species
Explanation:
its almost about to die, either a invasive species or humans hunting
Homologous chromosomes _____. a) align on the metaphase plate in meiosis ii,
b.must carry the same alleles, c) are identical,
d.carry information for the same traits
Homologous chromosomes carry information for the same traits but are not necessarily identical as they may have different alleles. They line up at the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis, not meiosis II, and undergo recombination to produce genetic diversity. Thus, option D is correct.
Explanation:Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and contain the same genes. However, they are not necessarily identical as they may carry different alleles of the same genes. The correct answer to the student's question is d. carry information for the same traits. During the first division of meiosis, specifically in metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate, but they do not align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II; that is when sister chromatids line up. Homologous chromosomes do carry information for the same traits but can have different versions of the same gene, known as alleles. These chromosomes undergo a process called recombination, or crossover, during which they exchange segments of genetic material to produce genetic diversity.
Define a biological community. explain why the study of community ecology is important
The acceptable macronutrient distribution range (amdr) for carbohydrates is ____ percent of daily energy intake.
Answer:
45 to 65
Explanation:
Natural selection can act on a certain trait only if the trait is
Natural selection can act on a trait if it is heritable, shows genetic variation within a population, and affects an organism's fitness in its environment. Traits beneficial for survival and reproduction tend to increase in frequency through adaptive evolution, leading to evolutionary changes over time.
Natural selection can act on a certain trait only if the trait is heritable and shows variation within a population. This variation must have some genetic basis, as genetic variation is the fuel for natural selection to operate. Traits undergo selection based on their fitness; those that are advantageous in a given environment increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. Therefore, these beneficial traits are more likely to be passed on to the next generation.
Natural selection acts on an organism's phenotype, which is determined by its genotype and the environment. Differences in phenotype are due to the presence of different alleles of genes. Alleles that confer an advantage in an environment can increase in frequency through the process of adaptive evolution. Conversely, alleles that result in disadvantageous traits diminish in frequency. Over time, this process can lead to significant evolutionary changes within a population.
Importantly, natural selection does not act on an allele in isolation but on the entire organism. Thus, even if an allele produces a beneficial phenotype, its overall fitness is evaluated in the context of the entire genotype and its interaction with the environment. This comprehensive approach explains why natural selection is such a powerful mechanism for evolutionary change.