how does meiosis ensure that the chromosome number in each cell remains constant in each generation?

Answers

Answer 1

The first thing to know is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome.

Next, let's look at the basics of chromosome numbers in mitosis.

So it's more or less straightforward in mitosis:

The chromosome number remains constant (46 total chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes).The chromatids replicate during interphase to produce a total of 92 chromatids, but they're only found in pairs and remain connected at the center by the centromere. After mitosis, the chromatid pairs separate, so each daughter cell gets 46 chromatids.
Now meiosis is tricky. Meiotic cells undergo a more complicated process to ensure the correct number of chromosomes.

Here's what happens:

At first the cells have the same number of chromosomes as mitosis. DNA replication occurs, giving a total of 46 chromosomes (or 23 chromosome pairs) and 92 chromatids (or 46 chromatid pairs).Meiosis I: In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes separate. In this case, the pairs of sister chromatids are still attached to each other. So at this stage, the daughter cells get 23 chromosomes each (of the pair of homologous chromosomes) and 46 chromatids in total (which are actually 23 pairs of sister chromatids attached at the centromere). This is known as reductional division, as the total number of chromosomes is halved at this stage. Meiosis II: Meiosis II follows the same division as mitosis, except that there are only half as many chromosomes. So the 23 chromatid pairs from the previous cells (or 46 chromatids in total) split equally, so each daughter gets 23 chromatids exactly, which correspond to 23 chromosomes. Meiosis II is known as equational division.
So to summarize, in mitosis, the total number of chromosomes is unchanged in the daughter cells; whereas in meiosis, the total number of chromosomes is halved in the daughter cells.

How Does Meiosis Ensure That The Chromosome Number In Each Cell Remains Constant In Each Generation?

Answer 2

Actually, in meiosis, the chromosomes become half of their original value. After fertilization, the actual number of chromosomes is restored that is 46 in human. In fertilization two haploid gametes (n)⇒23 fuses together to form a diploid zygote (2n)⇒46.

So generation after generation, 46 is divided into two by meiosis, and then in fertilization, the two halves of 23 combine again to form 46.

Related Questions

Which is not an input into the Calvin-Benson cycle? A. NADPH B. CO2 C. ATP D. H20

Answers

Answer: D. H₂0

Calvin-Benson cycle is a set of chemical reactions that takes place in chloroplast during the process of photosynthesis. This is a light- independent cycle as the light energy is already trapped in light dependent cycle of photosynthesis. It utilizes NADPH and ATP products of light dependent reactions for synthesis of trios sugar glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate as product of Calvin-Benson cycle.

A child brought to the emergency department is exhibiting significant signs of hypovolemic shock for which intravenous therapy is prescribed. the physician is unable to obtain intravenous access and decides to use intraosseous access. the nurse would prepare which site to be used?

Answers

The answer would be: Proximal tibia

Looking for intravenous access in children is not easy. Moreover, if the patient is in hypovolemic shock because it will cause the vein to shrink. In this case, intraosseous access is common to be used.
The site of choice to put IO access would be proximal tibia, around 2cm below the tuberosity of tibia.

The "essential nutrients" for proper human nutrition include _____.

Answers

carbohydrates, fat, fiber, protein, minerals and vitamins

Final answer:

Essential nutrients necessary for human nutrition include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. These are categorized into macronutrients needed in larger amounts and micronutrients required in smaller amounts but are vital for body processes like tissue maintenance and blood clotting.

Explanation:

The essential nutrients for proper human nutrition include six major classes: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), water, vitamins, and minerals. These substances are deemed essential because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from food.

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered macronutrients, which the body requires in larger quantities for energy and body building. Conversely, vitamins and minerals are categorized as micronutrients, needed in smaller amounts but crucial for various body processes, including maintaining connective tissue and enabling blood clotting with the help of vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin K, respectively.

It is important to note that while the body cannot store micronutrients, they must be consumed regularly to support bodily function. Vitamins and minerals are critical for ensuring regulation and good health, aiding in processes such as maintaining a stable nervous system and blood clotting.

a dominant theme in understanding the manifestation of stress is that _____.

Answers

Illness is the result of the interaction of biological, psychological socia and cultural factors. This is a form of comprehensive evaluation of a person. This is usually done in a question and answer format where the specialist will ask questions and the patient should answer in the truth as possible. This assess the general well being of the person. Questions can changes depending on the state of the patient. The answers received in this way are then used as a guide in making the appropriate management plan for the patient.

There are a variety of problems that can become complications after a fracture. which is described as a condition that occurs from interruption of the blood supply to the fracture fragments after which the bone tissue dies, most commonly in the femoral head?

Answers

Avascular necrosis - The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply.

A client presents to the ed reporting anxiety and chest pain after shoveling heavy snow that morning. the client says that nitroglycerin has not been taken for months but upon experieincing this chest pain did take three nitroglycerin tablets. although the pain has lessened, the client states, "they did not work all that well." the client shows the nurse the nitroglycerin bottle; the prescription was filled 12 months ago. the nurse anticipates which order by the physician?

Answers

There are choices for this question namely:

Ativan 1 mg orally
Nitroglycerin SL
Serum electrolytes
Chest x-ray

The correct answer is "Nitroglycerin SL". The SL means sublingually. The physician will still order Nitroglycerin to be taken sublingually whenever there is chest pain. The patient's medication may have been expired being stored for 12 months now. Ativan or Lorazepam will not be given as this is a sedative and there is no indication for sedatives.

Serum electrolytes and chest xray will not be requested as these diagnostic examinations are not usually done in patients with stable angina.

Remembering how to ride your bike is an example of a __________memory.

Answers

Having the ability o remember how to ride a bike is an example of a long term memory. This is procedural memory; knowing how to do something, having the skills and the formation of simple associations. These skills are able to be recalled at any time.

Answer: Procedural

Procedural memory helps people understand how stuff works. It is primarily involves in knowing new motor skills like learning how to ride a bike or play a piano. The brain begin building and assigning interneuron pathways for cerebellum and basal ganglia to outflow muscle information to the legs or hands developing motor coordination.

Moreover, procedural memory is part of the long-term memory that is responsible for storing information on how to perform certain procedures.

Rna contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in dna. a deoxyribose sugar... a ribose sugar uracil... thymine uracil... guanine thymine... uracil

Answers

Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and both are composed of nucleotides. The nucleotides are namely: Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Adenine is always paired with thymine or uracil; guanine is always paired with cytosine. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil rather than thymine. DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine rather than uracil.

Final answer:

RNA uses uracil in place of thymine, found in DNA, and has a ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose.

Explanation:

RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine, which is found only in DNA. This means that during protein synthesis, adenine will always pair up with uracil in RNA, mirroring the pairing of adenine and thymine in DNA. Additionally, RNA includes the pentose sugar ribose, whereas DNA contains the pentose sugar deoxyribose, which has one less oxygen atom compared to ribose. The structural difference between uracil and thymine is that uracil is an unmethylated form of thymine, which is crucial for RNA's function in protein synthesis.

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Bacteria are excellent candidates for genetic engineering because?

Answers

These prokaryotes, can be utilized for almost mass producing compatible human proteins, by placing a nucleotide sequence onto a plasmid, and placing it into the bacteria, letting the bacteria undergo reproduction, especially if the plasmid is integrated with the bacterial chromosome and undergoes transcription, more and more of the protein product can be made

Then can be extracted after lysing the cell, and using it for medical purposes for instance.

A primigravid client, age 20, has just completed a difficult, forceps-assisted delivery of twins. her labor was unusually long and required oxytocin augmentation. the nurse who's caring for her should stay alert for:

Answers

The answer is transitional phase

The actin and myosin filaments in a muscle contract with enough force to produce a contraction. They don't hold each other still while pulling inward.

Myosin heads on myosin filaments interact with actin filaments during muscle contraction.

Actin filaments are pulled inward by the myosin heads, which are then released and reattached farther down the filament in a cycle. The sliding filament mechanism is the name given to this phenomenon.

Myosin heads join actin filaments in cross-bridges as a result of ATP hydrolysis.

Thus, The actin and myosin filaments in a muscle contract with enough force to produce a contraction. They don't hold each other still while pulling inward.

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The firm connective tissue in joints that covers the contacting surfaces of bones is called

Answers

Ligaments! They are the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone to keep them stable and hold them.

WILL GIVE BRAINLEST Radon is a kind of _____.

nuclear fission byproduct

photochemical smog

nuclear fuel

indoor air pollutant

Answers

I think the answer would be A.

Answer: Indoor air pollutant

Air pollution can be defined as contamination of atmospheric air by wastes, which can occur in solid, liquid and gaseous form. These pollutants can affect health of humans, plants and animals. Radon is a colorless, and odorless gas. It is a potential air pollutant. It is a dense gas which sinks in the air. It is often found at the basement of homes, especially in the areas where shale and boulders are present in the soil. Radon is produced as a result of radioactive decay of radium in the soil. Radon gas gets attach to the dust and other particles present in the air. It enters inside the lungs, produces alpha and beta radiation that damages DNA, and results in lung cancer.

Age-related loss of taste can be due to a(n) __________ number of sensory receptors

Answers

Age-related loss of taste can be due to a decreased number of sensory receptors.

Good luck :)

A particular cell has half as much dna as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. the cell in question is most likely in a particular cell has half as much dna as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. the cell in question is most likely in g2. anaphase. metaphase. prophase. g1.

Answers

the cell in question is most likely in G1.

Your patient is an 18-year-old male who stepped on a nail in the barnyard. the nail penetrated his tennis shoe and punctured his foot. on your arrival, the patient has removed the nail and the shoe. the wound is about 2 mm in diameter with minor bleeding that has been controlled. the skin around the wound is red. the patient does not want to be transported but asks if you can give him "some ointment and a band-aid." you should explain to the patient that this type of injury is associated with an increased risk of:

Answers

The patient is at increased risk for a tetanus infection. Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani wherein it manifests as the spastic contraction of muscles. The most common manifestation of overt tetany is lockjaw or ophisthonos.

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds, yet when she looks in the mirror she thinks she is too fat. she does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. patty appears to suffer from _____.

Answers

I believe that Patty appears to suffer from Aneroxia Nervosa. This is an eating disorder characterized by persistent energy intake restriction, intense fear of gaining weight and disturbances in self perceived weight or shape like with Patty.This sometimes happens when some people are restricting their food and weight as a way of controlling areas of life that feel out of their control and their body image.

When a trait has more than two alleles how is that trait inherited?

Answers

AB because its two alleles are combined and dominant

When there are more than two alleles for a trait, these alleles are independently assorted to the next generation and express their characteristics in the next generation's offspring and are called as multiple allelism.

What is the significance of the trait expression?

The expression of the trait is determined by the nature of the trait, such as when some traits have only two alleles and one is completely dominant over the other, whereas in other traits, the alleles combine to express the effect. But some traits have more than two alleles, and they combine to express the trait, such as the skin color and the hair color of a human.

As a result, when there are more than two alleles for a trait, these alleles are independently assorted to the next generation and express their characteristics in the next generation's offspring.

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Trace the steps involved in ecological succession in an area completely destroyed by a catastrophic event, such as a volcano. WHAT ORDER?

-Climax community of deciduous hardwood tree species becomes established.
-Herbaceous plants and small shrubs enter the area.
-Pioneer species, such as lichen and moss enter soil-less area.
-Grass species move into the area.
-Pioneer species help break down rocks present to form soil.
-Small trees and evergreens become established.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Answers

Final answer:

The steps involved in ecological succession in an area completely destroyed by a catastrophic event, such as a volcano, are: 1) Pioneer species, such as lichen and moss, enter the soil-less area. 2) Pioneer species help break down rocks present to form soil. 3) Grass species move into the area. 4) Herbaceous plants and small shrubs enter the area. 5) Small trees and evergreens become established. 6) Climax community of deciduous hardwood tree species becomes established.

Explanation:

Pioneer species, such as lichen and moss, enter the soil-less area.Pioneer species help break down rocks present to form soil.Grass species move into the area.Herbaceous plants and small shrubs enter the area.Small trees and evergreens become established.Climax community of deciduous hardwood tree species becomes established.

Final answer:

After a volcanic eruption, ecological succession begins with pioneer species like lichens, which help form soil for other plants. Herbaceous plants and grasses follow, after which small trees and evergreens establish, leading eventually to a climax community of hardwood tree species.

Explanation:Stages of Ecological Succession After a Volcanic Eruption

Pioneer species, such as lichen and moss enter soil-less area. These are the hardy species that can colonize the new land formed by lava from a volcanic eruption.Pioneer species help break down rocks present to form soil. As they grow and die, they contribute to soil formation, making the environment more suitable for other species.Herbaceous plants and small shrubs enter the area. They are less hardy than pioneer species but more so than larger plants and can establish themselves once some soil is available.Grass species move into the area, which indicates a more stable soil environment capable of supporting diverse plant life.Small trees and evergreens become established. These intermediate species contribute to ongoing soil development and nutrient cycles.Climax community of deciduous hardwood tree species becomes established. This is the final stage, where a stable and mature ecosystem is formed, and it typically remains until the next disturbance.

Determine there oxidation state of Cl in NaClO3.
I believe that the answer is 1+??, but am a little unsure.,

Answers

Na⁺¹ Cl⁺⁵ O₃⁻²

Na = +1

Cl = + 5

O = -2

Cl is + 5

Which statement best summarizes Gregor Mendel's contribution to science?

A. Mendel invented the green pea by cross-breeding thousands of pea plants.

B. Mendel discovered green peas and yellow peas.

C. Mendel increased the number of peas produced by a single plant using cross-breeding techniques

D.Mendel is considered the "father of genetics.

Answers

Mendel increased the number of peas produced by a single plant using cross-breeding techniques.

Answer: the correct answer is D) Mendel is considered the “father of genetics.”

Explanation: I took the test. Hope this helps! Have a good day!

Are stimulant drugs that people use to boost energy, stay awake, or lose weight.

Answers

Amphetamines are stimulant drugs that boosts energy. They stimulate or speed up the messages that travel between the brain and body. The effects of amphetamines include confidence, increased energy, faster heart and respiratory rate. It reduces appetite which attributes to weight loss.
Amphetamines are usually prescribed as treatment for disorders like ADHD and narcolepsy.

Explain whether a conformer or a regulator could tolerate a wider range of conditions.

Answers

The terms conformers and regulators are alternative terms for ectotherms and endotherms, respectively. Ectotherms do not regulate their internal temperature, whereas endotherms maintain a constant temperature. The range of conditions that ectotherms can tolerate is narrower than that of endotherms. For example, you won't find any reptiles at the polar regions.

WILL GIVE BRAINLEST Which is not a result of the Aral Sea shrinking by two-thirds in the last fifty years?

decline of the fishing industry

loss of aquatic biodiversity

health issues from wind-carried salt

decline in fresh water resources

Answers

Answer:

The answer is option D.

decline in fresh water resources

Explanation:

All of the above options are correct except option D. Decline of the fishing industry, loss of aquatic biodiversity, health issues from wind-carried salt these all are the result of Aral sea shrinking except "decline in freshwater resources".

A mummy is discovered whose stone tomb includes cloth, food, and other organic remains. what dating method would most likely be used to date the tomb?
a. electron spin resonance
b. biostratigraphy
c. dendrochronology
d. carbon 14

Answers

Organic materials can be dated by using Carbon 14 dating (D)

How does genetic variability represent an adaptive advantage?

Answers

that is the answer to your question

These two processes help cycle carbon and oxygen through ecosystems: __________. (Points : 2)
A evaporation and condensation
B transpiration and respiration
C photosynthesis and respiration
D transpiration and photosynthesis

Answers

The answer is C, photosynthesis and respiration.

Photosynthesis is basically the process that is used by plants to transform light into a chemical energy. While respiration is the process of converting nutrients to energy cell, it is mainly the intake of oxygen by the organisms and releases it in form of carbon dioxide.

Final answer:

Photosynthesis and respiration are the two processes that help cycle carbon and oxygen through ecosystems.

Explanation:

C Photosynthesis and respiration.Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Respiration, on the other hand, is the process by which organisms break down glucose and release energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Together, photosynthesis and respiration help cycle carbon and oxygen through ecosystems.

What is the approximate energy content in kcal per gram of most sugar alcohols?

Answers

It is approximately 2 kcal/g. Sugar alcohols commonly found in foods are sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, isomalt and hydrogenated starch hydrolysates. The are obtained from plants such as fruits and berries. The calorie content of these sugar alcohols ranges from zero to three calories per gram compared to four calories per gram for sucrose and other sugars.

How did Avery help build our understanding of genetics?

Answers

He showed that DNA is a transforming factor

Answer:

The correct answer will be- He showed that transforming material was DNA in organisms.

Explanation:

Oswald Avery and colleagues worked on the experiments of Griffith on the transformation process and showed that the transforming material was DNA in Griffith experiment.

They grew the cultures of heat-killed S (virulent) bacteria and added DNases, RNases and proteases to the culture plates. Then R (avirulent) bacteria were added to the cultures. The S bacteria were not found in the cultures with DNases enzymes as DNases denatured the DNA molecule, so bacteria were not transformed.

This showed that DNA is the transforming material in the Griffith experiment.

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Which statement correctly explains the relationship between a population and a species?
A) A population is a group of the same species that all live in a particular area together.
B) A population is a group made up of different species that all live in a particular area together.
C) A population is a group of the same species that are spread out in different ecosystems and do not interact.
D) A population is a group of different species that are spread out in different ecosystems and do not interact.

Answers

A is your answer your welcome

The answer is A; the same species live in a population together, and they all live in the same area.

For a not moving fluid, _______________________________ determines the fluid pressure. a temperature b type of fluid c depth and type of fluid d depth

Answers

The answer is depth and type of fluid. Type of fluid essentially means its density. Denser fluid exerts more pressure compared to less dense fluids. Additionally, the bigger the depth in the fluid, the more the pressure due to the column of the fluid above. The following formula is used to calculate this pressure of a static fluid;

Pstatic fluid = ρgh where;

ρ = m/V = fluid density

g = acceleration of gravity

h = depth of fluid

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