How does the absence of a “necessary and proper” clause in the constitution limit the power of the state government?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

doing the research, there wasn't an absence of this? im sorry if this isn't what you were looking for.

Explanation:

I was doing research to make sure my answer for you was reliable, yet everywhere I look it says that there is a necessary and proper clause in the constitution.

Answer 2

Answer:

the Necessary and Proper Clause authorizes Congress to enact laws that are “appropriate” and plainly adapted for carrying into execution Congress's enumerated powers; it does not authorize Congress to enact any law that Congress thinks is “reasonable.”

Explanation:

i am 100% sure


Related Questions

In 1939, British and French leaders realized they could no longer ignore Axis aggressions. What is one of the first actions taken by Prime minister Chamberlain in preparation for war? a. He brings together all members of the League of Nations to decide what steps should be taken to stop the Axis powers from further aggressive actions. b. He places troops along the borders of all free nations in Europe bordering Germany. c. He rushes a law through Parliament drafting men into the military. d. He calls together Parliament to gain approval for an increase of 200 percent in military.

Answers

The correct answer is C) He rushes a law through Parliament drafting men into the military.

In 1939, British and French leaders realized they could no longer ignore Axis aggressions. One of the first actions taken by Prime minister Chamberlain in preparation for war "He rushes a law through Parliament drafting men into the military."

At that time, tensions between Great Britain and Germany were high. The situation was difficult, the "winds of war" started to blow over Europe. Neville Chamberlain, Primer Minister of Great Britain, had decided to apply the foreign policy of containment to appease Nazi leader Adolph Hitler. Chamberlain tried at all costs to avoid another war. But everything changed in 1939 when Hitler's troops invaded Poland.

Answer:

C. He rushes a law through Parliament drafting men into the military

Explanation:

Between 1937 to 1940 Neville Chamberlain, the then United Kingdom Prime Minister was committed to ensure peace for United Kingdom and Europe at large, hence the European foreign policy termed as "peace for our time".

From this policy, Chamberlain was pursuing a policy of appeasement and containment towards Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, the German Chancellor, however, he was preparing for the alternative or plan B, which is increasing the strength of Britain's armed forces, by rushing a law through Parliament drafting men into the military, after he realized together with French leaders, that they could no longer ingore the Axis aggressions (mainly Germany, Italy and Japan )

He eventually in September 1939 delivered an ultimatum over the invasion of Poland followed by a declaration of war against Germany.

The form of government that helped Galveston recover from the Hurricane of 1900 was a
a. mayor and council
b. commission
city manager
d. union
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
sooo


Asap I need help

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation: i put B and got the answer correct

Answer:b

Explanation:

Which event pushed the Western Allies to seek a military alliance?

Answers

Answer:

The communist takeover of the Czech government with Soviet support was what pushed the Western Allies to seek a military alliance, known as NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

How did Florida work to attract industry to the state? Check all that apply. by constructing two canals by increasing power plants by establishing state parks by creating industrial parks by clearing forests of pine trees by building natural gas pipelines

Answers

Answer:

Establishing state parks, I believe

Explanation:

Answer:

1, 2, 4, and 6 are the correct answers.NO CAP

Explanation:

E2021

Which map represents the boundaries of the Roman Empire when it was at its largest?

Answers

Answer:

The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa and West Asia ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus to the military

Explanation:

Answer:

Its the middle picture

Explanation:

Why do you think the Germans found Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles so objectionable (offensive)? (3-4 sentences)

Answers

Answer:

The main reasons why the Germans hated the Treaty of Versailles was because they thought it was unfair. Germany had not taken part in the Conference. They hated clause 231 – the 'War Guilt' clause – which stated that Germany had caused 'all the loss and damage' of the war.

Explanation:

Answer:

The Germans hated Clause 231 (which blamed Germany for causing the war), because it was the excuse for all the harsh clauses of the Treaty, and because they thought Russia was to blame for starting the war. Germany's military power was reduced, and it was not allowed any troops in the Rhineland

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the War Guilt Clause, was a statement that Germany was responsible for beginning World War I. The War Guilt Clause was added in order to get the French and Belgians to agree to reduce the sum of money that Germany would have to pay to compensate for war damage.

Explanation:

hope this helps

The birth of Jesus of Nazareth is celebrated by which religion on December 25th?
A.
Christianity
B.
Islam
C.
Hinduism
D.
Judaism

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

basic tenant of Christianity

Use the following quote to answer the question.

"The supreme executive power shall be vested in a governor, who shall be commander-in-chief of all military forces of the state not in active service of the United States. The governor shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, commission all officers of the state and counties, and transact all necessary business with the officers of government."

The position described in the quote above compares closest to the national position of (3 points)

Group of answer choices

U.S. representative

U.S. president

U.S. senator

U.S. federal judge

Answers

Answer:

u.s. president

Explanation:

the president is the commander-in-chief of all the military forces. the word "executed" brought it all together because he is in fact the head of the executive branch.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

President has the most power over the most branches

A major consequence of the french and indian war of 1754–1763 was the

Answers

Answer:

Colonial disaffection and disputes which eventually resulted to the American Revolution.

Explanation:

The French and Indian war was a seven years war which started in 1954, and ended in 1963. The war resulted from the fact that colonist of French and British descent, wanted to expand their territories. Great Britain was able to acquire a large land mass in North America during the war.

The war began with the British trying to overthrow the French forces who had control of the Upper Ohio River Valley. They were defeated by the French forces on two occasions. The British forces eventually gained victory, but the resultant effect was taxing colonists heavily because of the high cost of the war.This caused disaffection between the colonists and the government.

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 allowed the United States to provide war supplies to countries that were judged to be "vital to the defense of the United States." Which event in Europe most directly led to this change from neutrality? A. the Battle of Britain B. Adolf Hitler's rise to power C. Germany's invasion of Poland D. the Soviet Union's attack of Finland

Answers

C. Germany’s invasion of Poland

Based on what you have read, from what ancient greek word
do you think the word politics originates

Answers

Answer:

politiká

Explanation:

Answer:

late Middle English: from Old French politique ‘political’, via Latin from Greek politikos, from politēs ‘citizen’, from polis ‘city’.

Explanation:

That’s from the Oxford Dictionary so that won’t be wrong

Temperatures in Antarctica can fall as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. What evidence from the text supports this statement

Answers

Final answer:

The evidence from the text supporting the statement that temperatures in Antarctica can fall as low as minus 20°C is found in option B, Sandes trained for Antarctic conditions by running in a freezer that could be set as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius.

Explanation:

In preparation for the extreme conditions of Antarctica, Sandes undertook rigorous training aimed at acclimating to the brutal cold. The text in option B indicates that Sandes replicated the sub-zero temperatures of Antarctica by training in a freezer set as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. This deliberate and intense approach allowed him to familiarize himself with the bone-chilling environment he would face during the race.

By subjecting himself to these freezing temperatures, Sandes not only toughened his body but also mentally prepared himself for the harsh conditions. Enduring such cold temperatures during training enabled him to adapt physically, enhancing his endurance and resilience against the frigid Antarctic climate.

This specific detail validates the assertion that temperatures in Antarctica can plummet to minus 20 degrees Celsius, as Sandes proactively trained in conditions mirroring this extreme cold. His dedication to replicating the Antarctic environment in his training routine directly supported his successful navigation of the icy terrain during the race.

Correct answer: Option B

Complete question:

Temperatures in Antarctica can fall as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. What evidence from the text (Desert Racing by ReadWorks) supports this statement?

A. The Last Desert Race in Antarctica is the most extreme of the 4 Deserts series.B. Sandes trained for Antarctic conditions by running in a freezer that could be set as lowas minus 20 degrees Celsius.C. The freezer had a fan to simulate the wind chill Sandes would experience inAntarctica.D. Sandes won the Antarctica race because of his training regime.

African Wild Dogs: Ultimate Predators?

Answers

African wild dogs, also known as African painted dogs or Cape hunting dogs (scientific name: Lycaon pictus), are highly skilled predators and can be considered apex predators within their ecosystems.

Characteristics of African Wild Dogs

African wild dogs hunt together and they are very good at it. They live and hunt together in groups of about 10 to 20 animals. By working together as a team, they can defeat and kill much bigger prey.

Wild dogs can run really far and really fast without getting tired. They can run really fast, up to 60km/h (37mph), so they can chase and catch their food.

African wild dogs hunt together as a team using a technique called "pack hunting. " They work together to find, chase, and trap their prey by using strategies and communicating with each other through sounds. Working together helps them have a better chance of finding and catching their prey.

During the 1990, genocide occurred in?

Answers

The genocide was sparked by the death of the Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, when his plane was shot down above Kigali airport on 6 April 1994.

Why did most Jews migrate in the late Middle Ages?
A.To take back Jerusalem
B.To seek riches
C.To avoid the Mongols
D.To avoid persecution

Answers

D. to avoid persecution

What actions did Roosevelt take during the hundred days to try help the nations collapsing economy

Answers

Answer:

The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the ... shortly thereafter as a way to continue the country's economic recovery. ... a man who was not afraid to take bold steps to solve the nation's problems. ... banking bill) and the Home Owners' Loan Act, in his first 100 days in office.

Explanation:

why does the British Parliament blame Benjamin Franklin for the Boston Tea party?​

Answers

Answer: He defended the Boston Tea Party.

Explanation:

Final answer:

The British Parliament didn't blame Benjamin Franklin directly for the Boston Tea Party; instead, they held the colonists in general responsible. Franklin was an important figure in representing the colonies to the British, and was heavily scrutinized during this time.

Explanation:

It is not entirely correct to say that the British Parliament directly blamed Benjamin Franklin for the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea Party was a protest initiated by the American colonists, including the Sons of Liberty group, against the Tea Act enacted by the British Parliament in 1773, where they dumped chests of tea into Boston Harbor.

The reason Benjamin Franklin is often implicated in narratives of this event is due to his significant role as a mediator and diplomat between the colonies and the British authorities during that period.

Franklin was seen as an integral figure in presenting the views of the colonies to the British authorities and pushing for the repeal of the unjust laws such as the Intolerable Acts that came after the Tea Party. However, the British Parliament blamed the colonists in general for the Boston Tea Party and not Franklin directly.

In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British Parliament enacted the Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts in 1774, taking punitive measures like closing Boston harbor, and dismissing town assemblies, meant to punish Massachusetts until the destroyed tea was paid for.

Learn more about Boston Tea Party here:

https://brainly.com/question/34721543

#SPJ2

How did the arts in the United States reflect changes in society in the 1920s?

Answers

It portrayed American life in a way that forced Americans to reflect upon modern isolation, confusion, and family conflict. Painters recorded an America of realities and dreams. Edward Hopper caught the loneliness of American life with his paintings of empty streets and solitary life, while Georgia O'Keeffe captured the granduer of New York.

Which of these was a result of the English Revolution of 1689, or the "Glorious Revolution"?
A.
The English monarch signed a Bill of Rights.
B.
England lost all of its overseas colonies.
C.
The nobles of England were beheaded.

Answers

Final answer:

The Glorious Revolution resulted in the signing of the Bill of Rights in 1689, establishing a constitutional monarchy and emphasizing the rights and liberties of English subjects, influencing the future democratic principles and the U.S Constitution.

Explanation:

Outcome of the Glorious Revolution :

The result of the English Revolution of 1689, also known as the "Glorious Revolution," was that the English monarch signed a Bill of Rights. This event marked the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England. As stipulated by the 1689 Bill of Rights, Parliament's independence from the monarchy was affirmed, and various rights of Parliament, such as freedom of speech, the right to regular elections, and the right to petition the king, were protected. The Bill of Rights also guaranteed rights to all English subjects, including trial by jury and habeas corpus. These reforms created a significant change in the governance of England, notably by limiting the king's powers and emphasizing the rights and liberties of its subjects, thus having a long-lasting impact on the principles of democracy and law not only in England but also in the founding of the United States.

Analyzing the Cold War
Using what you leared in the lesson and the documents
you read in the assignment, answer this question:
How did the Cold War lead to conflict?

Answers

Explanation:

It created tension between the Soviet Union and the US.It was really close to creating a nuclear war.

The Cold War led to conflicts through proxy wars, ideological battles, covert operations, nuclear arms races, and the division of Europe. These strategies allowed the US and the USSR to exert influence without direct military confrontation.

The Cold War, occurring after World War II, was characterized by ideological, political, and economic rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, without direct military confrontation between the two superpowers. This led to various conflicts in several ways:

Proxy Wars: The United States and the Soviet Union supported opposing sides in conflicts such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Soviet-Afghanistan War. This allowed superpowers to combat each other indirectly.Ideological Battles: The Cold War pitted capitalism and democracy against communism and socialism, leading to political and social conflicts worldwide.Political Assassinations and Covert Operations: Secret agents and political assassinations were rampant in places like Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile, often fueled by Cold War animosities.Nuclear Arms Race: Both superpowers amassed vast stores of nuclear weapons, leading to a state of mutual deterrence and fear.Division of Europe: The Soviet Union established communist regimes in Eastern Europe, leading to physical and ideological barriers such as the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall, further fueling geopolitical tensions.

In summary, the Cold War led to conflicts through proxy wars, ideological battles, covert operations, nuclear arms races, and division of Europe, significantly shaping global politics for over four decades.

Complete Question:

How did the Cold War lead to conflict?

Name the June 1929 economic indicator that foreshadowed a slowing economy.

Answers

I think that would be the Great Depression? I’m not 100% sure but I think this is it.

Which of these BEST describes plebeians in the Roman Empire?
A) They were people banned from holding office.
B) They were powerful, "aristocratic" families.
C) They were the "middle class" of society.
D) They were the soldiers in the military.

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

It is c the last one was not right it is c'

which conclusion can be drawn about the second punic war from the information in the map

Answers

Answer:

The Second Punic War was fought between the Romans and the Carthaginians between 218 and 201 BC. The Romans then went on to a several-year war of wear and tear, gradually destroying or neutralizing the allies and main colonies of Carthage, and finally, under the leadership of Publius Cornelius Scipionus Africano, they won the Battle of Zama. This war definitely decided the struggle of both cities for dominance in the Mediterranean in favor of Rome.  

Due to the complete destruction of Carthage in the Third Punic War in 146 BC and the long-term hegemony of the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean, no historical sources have been preserved describing the course of the war and its background from a Carthaginian or truly neutral point of view. Historians can therefore rely only on the works of Greek and Roman ancient authors and must therefore interpret them very carefully.

During the U.S. civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Black Panthers, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee were all working toward the goal of ending racial discrimination. But ______ "prevented" them from working together toward that goal.

Answers

Answer:

their respective ideological differences and rigid bureaucratisation

Explanation:

The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s achieved the breakthrough in equal-rights legislation for African Americans by breaking the pattern of public facilities' being segregated by “race” in the South.

This movement was a struggle for justice and equality for African Americans. It was led by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Black Panthers, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee but their respective ideological differences and rigid bureaucratisation "prevented" them from working together toward that goal

Why did the united states declare war on japan? japan disregarded the treaty of versailles. japan refused to leave the axis powers. the japenese attack on pearl harbor. japan attempted to unite allies against the united states.?

Answers

Answer:

C. "The Japanese attach on pearl harbor."

Explanation:

different types interactions that the japanese had with foreigners

Answers

Attacked the us at petal harbor. Then the Japanese people in the us were out in camps because they were thought to all be guilty

Japanese interactions with foreigners included early encounters with the Portuguese, a period of isolation (sakoku), forced opening by Commodore Perry, and extensive modernization during the Meiji Restoration. These interactions significantly influenced Japanese society, culture, and technology. Key periods include the initial contact with Europeans, the isolation era, and the modernization drive post-1853.

Throughout history, Japan has had various types of interactions with foreigners. Here are some key interactions:

Portuguese Arrival (1543): The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach Japan. They brought firearms, which significantly impacted Japanese warfare.Christian Missionaries: The Portuguese also introduced Christian missionaries to Japan, leading to some daimyo adopting Christianity.Isolation Policy (Sakoku): From the early 17th century, the Tokugawa shogunate implemented the policy of 'sakoku', severely restricting foreign interactions to control the influence of Europeans and maintain internal stability.Commodore Perry and U.S. Demands (1853): In a significant turning point, Commodore Matthew Perry used 'gunboat diplomacy' to force Japan to open its ports to American trade, ending over 200 years of isolation.Meiji Restoration (1868): This period marked Japan's rapid modernization and Westernization, involving substantial foreign influence. Japan sent officials abroad to learn Western techniques and invited foreign experts to aid in modernization efforts.Trade with Europeans: During and after the Meiji Restoration, Japan established significant economic and political relationships with European countries to avoid colonization and to modernize.

hey sweeties need a answer like right now please :)
Which correctly identifies the purpose of Operation Nemesis?

a. secret assassinations of Turkish officials responsible for the Armenian genocide

b. trials for accused Turkish officials held responsible for the Armenian genocide

c. atrocities committed by Turks against Armenian prisoners of war during World War I

d. plan by the Allies to rescue Armenian civilians from Turkish concentration camps

Answers

The answer is A because Operation Nemesis was a covert operation and an assassination campaign.

What danger of Western travel is Kellogg
describing?
the lack of water
the threat of disease
the danger of heat
the rough terrain
DONE​

Answers

Answer:the the threat of disease

Explanation:

Answer:

B) The threat of disease.

Explanation:

I just got it right :)

Should a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) measure include factors beyond cash earned?

Answers

Answer:

Gross domestic product, GDP, is one way of measuring the size of the economy—but it's not the only way. We can also measure the size of the economy by calculating gross national product, GNP, or net national product, NNP.

Based on the information in the table below, what is the value of GDP? What is the value of net exports? What is the value of NNP?

Government purchases $120 billion

Depreciation $40 billion

Consumption $400 billion

Business investment $60 billion

Exports $100 billion

Imports $120 billion

Income receipts from rest of the world $10 billion

Income payments to rest of the world .        $8 billion

Explanation:

One challenge faced by the European Union is the

Answers

Answer:

They had many many challenges by the federal union attacking thier german U boats and the sinking of lusitana

Explanation:

The European Union faces challenges including disparate economic conditions among member states, cultural and political differences, and the enforcement of common policies. Issues such as Brexit, economic crises in countries like Greece, and internal divisiveness like rising nationalism add to the complexity of maintaining unity within the EU

One challenge faced by the European Union (EU) is the difficulty in managing the varying economic conditions, cultural differences, and political aspirations of its member states, especially against a backdrop of outside pressures and internal discord. With member countries ranging from economically advanced to less developed, building a consensus on financial aid, adopting environmental regulations, and enforcing policies becomes complex. The recent geopolitical changes, such as the UK's departure known as Brexit, and conflicts on the borders of the EU have tested its unity and resilience.

The EU's common currency, the euro, symbolizes economic integration but also requires members to surrender some sovereignty in fiscal matters. Countries such as Greece have faced severe financial crises, necessitating rescue packages, which leads to debates about fiscal responsibility and solidarity within the EU. Furthermore, internal challenges like discrimination against immigrants, strain from upholding expensive welfare states, and the rise of nationalist sentiments threaten the cohesion and stability of the EU.

In addition to economic challenges, the EU grapples with enforcement issues, as some member states diverge from agreed-upon regulations, such as overfishing or deficit levels. These issues are exacerbated by varying political developments, like the erosion of democratic practices in some Eastern European nations. The European Union's ambitious goal of economic integration is continually put to the test as it navigates these multifaceted challenges.

Other Questions
Why did Rickey have such a difficult time finding a suitable player for his "noble experiment"? Select all that apply.The player would have to ignore the racism he would encounter on the fieldRickey did not have enough money to pay a good ball playerThe player would have to prove his ability as both a player and a manRickey could not find a talented player who was born in AmericaThe player had to be both talented and humble, which is a rare combination ________ refer to the marketing communications element that involves company-sponsored activities and programs designed to create daily or special brand-related interactions with consumers. A. Advertisements B. Publicity campaigns C. Events and experiences D. Trade promotions HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)A student was given the task of titrating a 20.mL sample of 0.10MHCl(aq) with 0.10MNaOH(aq). The HCl(aq) was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask. An equation for the reaction that occurs during the titration is given above.f) If the student started with 46 grams of NaOH, how much H2O should be produced? Alpha Division had the following information: Average operating asset base in Alpha Division $500,000 Operating income in Alpha Division $60,000 Cost of capital 14% Target return on investment (ROI) 16% Margin for Alpha Division 21% If the asset base is decreased by $120,000, with no other changes, what will Alpha Division's return on investment be? (Note: Round answer to two decimal places.) Which statement about Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta is not true? what is the distance between ( 4, 7 ) and ( 2, 2 ) True / False: A successful results-orientated wellness program will not need to allocate employees who are paid to promote wellness (i.e., as part of their job responsibilities) as this type of program is easily implemented (select one word answer only please). PLEASE ANSWERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 4.1 Measuring Interest Rates 1) The concept of ________ is based on the common-sense notion that a dollar paid to you in the future is less valuable to you than a dollar today. A) present value B) future value C) interest D) deflation Find x in the right triangle.A)63B)175C)147D)324 2. What is 75% of 300? The groups_per_user function receives a dictionary, which contains group names with the list of users. Users can belong to multiple groups. Fill in the blanks to return a dictionary with the users as keys and a list of their groups as values.def groups_per_user(group_dictionary):user_groups = {}# Go through group_dictionaryfor ___:# Now go through the users in the groupfor ___: # Now add the group to the the list of# groups for this user, creating the entry# in the dictionary if necessaryreturn(user_groups)print(groups_per_user({"local": ["admin", "userA"],"public": ["admin", "userB"],"administrator": ["admin"] })) When Frito-Lay introduced its Stax brand of potato chips. These chips were meant to compete directly against Pringles. The intent was to gain market share quickly. During the first few months they were on the market, Stax retailed for 69 cents. What type of pricing strategy is Frito-Lay likely using?A. Bait pricingB. Penetration pricingC. Periodic discountingD. Price-skimmingE. Captive pricing what is global warming Are the lines 2x+3y=2 and 2x+3y=4 parallel? The manufacturers of Miracle-Gro have square boxes of the plant food that serve as a flower-pot liner. The customer just puts the box inside the flower pot, fills it with potting soil, and then adds water. The Miracle-Gro chemical is activated by the water and begins feeding the plant. This would be an example of ____ packaging. a. secondary-use b. category-consistent c. innovative d. handling-improved What is the pH of a solution that has [H+] = 3.0 106 M?4.325.526.07.76A cup of black coffee has a pH of 5.What is the hydrogen ion concentration of this cup of coffee?4.0 104 M3.0 105 M1.0 105 M4.0 106 MWhich example's concentration is indicated by a solutions pH ?H2OH+OHH2O2What is the pH of a solution with a [H+] of 1.0104M ?2.03.04.08.0WILL MARK BRAINLIEST Ninety-eight homeowners brought action seeking to enjoin as a nuisance the construction and operation of a ready-mix concrete plan on property adjacent to a residential area. Plaintiffs live southwest, west and east across the highway from the plant. The plant is bounded immediately on the north and south by other business concerns. The trial court found for the plaintiffs. Did the defendant's operation of a concrete plant in an area zoned for light to general industrial use constitute a nuisance? Why? Glucagon allows glucose to enter the blood from alpha cells.TrueFalse Bob wants to save electricity and considers energy-efficient light bulbs. He finds that the light they emit is too faint to be acceptable, and so returns to using less energy-efficient bulbs. Bob made his bulb choice using a _____.