Final answer:
AUG is the only mRNA codon that corresponds to the amino acid methionine in the genetic code, encoding both the start of protein synthesis and methionine within the polypeptide chain.
Explanation:
Methionine is encoded by the codon AUG in the genetic code, which is universal across virtually all organisms. This codon has a dual function - it signals the start of protein synthesis and also encodes for the amino acid methionine itself within the sequence of a polypeptide. In prokaryotes, AUG can code for a modified form called formylmethionine (f-Met), when it is at the start of a protein sequence. However, for coding methionine within a sequence, the unmodified methionine is used. Despite the 64 possible codons in the genetic code due to the arrangement of the four nucleotides (adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)) in triplets, methionine and tryptophan are unique in that they are each encoded by only one codon. In conclusion, there is only one mRNA codon that corresponds to methionine when it comes to protein synthesis, which is AUG.
An increase in the nfp would result in a(n) _______________ in the gfr.
The increase in the NFP would result in an increase in the GFR.
NFP stands for Net Filtration Pressure and GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate. The two quantities are associated with the process of blood filtration and urination process in the kidney. When the blood vessels leading to the kidney expand and the blood vessels leading out of the kidney shrink, it leads to the build up of the GFR in glomerulus. This leads to the increase in the process of the blood filtration and thus increases the NFP.
Suppose nicole recently learned that she inherited a mutant brca1 allele from her mother, who had breast cancer. brca1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is related to breast cancer. why would nicole be at higher risk for getting breast cancer at an earlier age than her sister, tiffany, who inherited a normal brca1 allele from their mother?
The answer is a mutation in her normal. Device of cancer caused by loss of BRCA1, BRCA2 gene function identified. BRCA1 allele may lead to cancer, while a normal individual would have to acquire two mutations (one in each allele) to develop cancer.
Answer:
Normal tumor suppressor gene controls excessive cell division
Explanation:
A normal tumor suppressor gene releases proteins that are essential to control and regulate the cell division. However, if this gene gets mutated then it may lead to uncontrolled cell division and hence forth cause cancer or tumor. Since Nicole got this mutant gene, hence her ability to suppress uncontrolled cell division does not work and hence she may get cancer as compared to her elder sister who received normal allele.
Which of the following is NOT a characterisitic of all plants? a They produce seeds b They have cell walls of cellulose c They are eukaryotic d They are multicellular
Where would a probe with the sequence aatcg bind to a target dna with the sequence ttttagccatttacgattaatcg (recall that dna sequences are always written 5' to 3')? view available hint(s) where would a probe with the sequence aatcg bind to a target dna with the sequence ttttagccatttacgattaatcg (recall that dna sequences are always written 5' to 3')? it would not bind the target dna. ttttagccatttacgattaatcg ttttagccatttacgattaatcg ttttagccatttacgattaatcg?
In which kingdom are the organisms represented in the cartoon classified?
A heavier person will have a lower bal level due to a greater amount of ____ in their body
In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants. What happens to this "missing mass"? A. It turns into matter. B. It turns into energy. C. It turns into antimatter. D. It turns into matter and antimatter.
Answer: Option B; it turns into energy
In a nuclear fusion reaction, two reactants combine, and form new products. But the mass of the products is less than total mass of the reactants. This is because a part of mass is lost as energy. This can be seen in an example shown below. You can see that mass is of the products is less than that of the reactants.
How are ingenious rocks formed
Cherry cells have 32 chromosomes. how many chromosomes do each of the daughter cells produced by mitosis have?
Answer:
Each of the daughter cells has 32 chromosomes.
Explanation:
Mitosis is a process of continuous cell division where one cell gives rise to two other cells. Mitosis happens in most cells of our body. From an initial cell, two identical cells with the same number of chromosomes are formed. This is because, prior to cell division, the genetic material of the cell (on chromosomes) is duplicated.
Thus, we can conclude that if a mother cell has 32 chromosomes, with mitosis, two daughter cells of 32 chromosomes will be generated.
The greenhouse effect is caused by the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False, the greenhouse effect is not caused by the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.
Explanation:
The greenhouse effect is not caused by the burning of fossil fuels or deforestation. It was Global warming which is caused due to the burning of Fossil fuels and deforestation.The greenhouse effect is caused by the Trap heat from the sun. the greenhouse effect is important also because without this effect the earth's atmosphere becomes too cold and may cause problems to animals, plants, and Humans.
Genetic disorders caused by multiple genes interacting with the environment are called
Multifactorial disorder
Multifactorial disorders are disorders that involve variations in multiple genes joined with environmental causes. Diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are multifactorial disorder as they do not have single genetic cause but are caused by a combination of environmental factors and life style with mutations in multiple genes.
Every individual, including young people, can make decisions to use resources wisely. Use the terms reduce, reuse, and recycle to explain how the students in the image above can help minimize solid waste.
Answer:
3R's i.e reduce, reuse, and recycle can help the solve the problem os solid waste
Explanation:
All solid waste that is generated at a city level can be dealt with the utilization of concept of three R’s.
First R is the reduction of waste generation; All individuals must try to reduce the waste generated at his/her level so that the total quantum of waste get reduced.
Second R stands for Reuse. All individuals must try to use the item again and again if it is in condition of being reused such as plastic containers, bottles etc.
Third R stands for Recycle. All the waste that can be recycled must be recycled so that it can be reused again without producing new items that further adds to the total waste generated.
What causes density currents to form in the Mediterranean Sea?
(A)condensation
(B)transpiration
(C)upwelling
(D) evaporation
The term _________ represents a predictive theory of how a species might change with time. the term ________ assumes that nature can create whole new structures and organisms simply be environmental constraint.
Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two theories that explain how species might evolve over time. Gradualism suggests continuous slow change, while punctuated equilibrium points to long periods of stability followed by rapid changes. Both are vital in understanding the complexity of evolutionary processes in biology.
Explanation:The term gradualism represents a predictive theory of how a species might change over time. This theory proposes that change occurs continuously and slowly over long periods. On the other hand, the term "assumes that nature can create whole new structures and organisms simply by environmental constraint" is likely referring to the concept of saltation or punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species remain constant for long periods and that change, when it occurs, is rapid and significant. It's important to note that gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two theories of evolutionary change that continue to be debated within the scientific community.
Contemporary biological anthropologists use an evolutionary perspective to understand the diversity of life through natural selection. These principles are instrumental in understanding why certain traits prevail over time. The ongoing evolution includes processes like mutation, natural selection, and speciation. The classical view of gradualism contends that species undergo continuous adaptation, but the punctuated equilibria view introduced by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge provides an alternative model where species experience long periods of stability (equilibria) interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolution (punctuated).
Adaptationism allows us to understand how traits contributing to survival and reproduction become predominant within a population, which is a fundamental concept of natural selection. It is important to recognize that evolutionary theory isn't fixed, as it continues to develop with new technologies and cultural shifts, which might lead to a broader understanding of evolutionary forces beyond the classic model.
A one-way relationship in which one species benefits and directly hurts the other is called
you can properly find algae____
- that conduct photosynthesis
- in polar regions or hot springs
- on your dinner plate
- all of the above
You can probably find algae in d) all of the above.
Like other plants, algae have chlorophyll. There are the so-called ice algae found in the polar regions while Thermophilic algae are abundant in hot springs. Edible seaweeds found in your plate are algae also.
In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide, the circulatory system is the primary delivery system for?
In a human eye, there are three types of cones that allow us to see colors. the three different types are most sensitive to red, green, and blue light, respectively. all three contain retinal bonded to a large protein. the way that retinal bonds to the protein can change the length of the potential well within which the electrons are confined. how would the length have to change from that given in the introduction to make the molecule more sensitive to blue or red light? view available hint(s)
The answer is ‘the molecule would have to be longer to be more sensitive to red light and shorter to be more sensitive to blue light.’The cones change shape and vary their length once they absorb a photon. This change is transduced, through biochemical pathways, into nerve impulse and carried to the brain.
To make the retinal molecule more sensitive to blue light, the potential well's length should be decreased. To make it more sensitive to red light, the potential well's length should be increased.
In the human eye, the three types of cones are sensitive to blue, green, and red light, corresponding to short, medium, and long wavelengths respectively. These cones contain retinal bonded to a large protein, and the way retinal bonds to the protein changes the length of the potential well within which the electrons are confined. To make the molecule more sensitive to blue light, the potential well's length must be decreased, as shorter wavelengths (blue light) require higher energy levels. Conversely, to make the molecule more sensitive to red light, the potential well's length must be increased to respond to longer wavelengths (red light) which have lower energy levels.
What role do hydrogen bonds play in the dna molecule?
Final answer:
Hydrogen bonds within the DNA molecule stabilize its double helix structure, facilitate genetic fidelity, and allow for DNA replication and transcription by easily 'unzipping' due to their relative weakness compared to covalent bonds. These bonds are crucial for the DNA's stable yet flexible structure.
Explanation:
The hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). According to the Watson-Crick model, DNA's double helix structure is primarily stabilized by the hydrogen bonds that form between the base pairs on the opposing strands. These hydrogen bonds occur between the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides: adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds. The precise alignment and pairing ensure the double helix's stability and play a significant role in genetic fidelity during DNA replication and transcription.
Hydrogen bonds are not exclusive to interactions between DNA strands. They can also occur within a single large biomolecule, affecting the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins. It's important to note that, while strong in their cumulative effect, individual hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. This relative weakness allows the two DNA strands to “unzip” easily during the replication process, enabling each strand to serve as a template for creating a new complementary strand.
The hydrogen bonds, along with van der Waals interactions, contribute to the DNA's shape and structure, which is essential for its function in living organisms. The cumulative effect of millions of hydrogen bonds holding the DNA strands together is integral for the molecule's stability, yet it still allows for the necessary flexibility for replication and transcription processes that are vital for life.
Animals have a great variety of internal structures that define the way they live. For example, a bear has lungs to help it get oxygen to all of its cells. What does a fish have that serves the same function? A. scales B. gills C. fins D. lungs
Answer:
B
Explanation:
In a male plant of a dioecious species, which set of homeotic genes is likely never expressed?
Transport a victim of heat exhaustion to a medical facility if no improvement is seen within:
The peppered moth comes in 2 varieties: dark-colored and light-colored. it is preyed upon by birds. suppose that prior to predation the population was 50% dark and 50% light, but after predation the population was 10% dark and 90% light. did evolution occur?
What occurred is known as : Natural selection ( evolution ) i.e True evolution occured
Given that Prior predation both species has the same population i.e 50% each and after predation the dark moth had 10% of the population of moth while the light-colored moth had 90% of the moth population.
We can summarize that the the light colored moth survived the predation because they were better adapted to live and survive predation from birds which is simply a phenomenon known as Natural selection.
Hence we can conclude that a mechanism of evolution ( Natural selection ) occurred.
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In living things, hydrolysis reactions result in the formation of
Hydrolysis reactions in living things result in the formation of simpler molecules through the addition of water.
Hydrolysis reactions, in living things, result in the formation of simpler molecules through the addition of water. This process is important for breaking down complex molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into their individual building blocks. For example, a hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of a peptide bond in a protein, resulting in the formation of amino acids.
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Rna plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, rna processing, and translation. drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of rna first plays a role. if an rna does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin. view available hint(s)
The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). They play roles in transcription, RNA processing, and translation, respectively. Other types of RNA, like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, do not have a direct role in protein synthesis.
Transcription: During transcription, a type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a role. mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
RNA processing: Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) first plays a role during RNA processing. tRNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes during translation.
Translation: The third type of RNA involved in protein synthesis is ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA is a component of the ribosomes, where translation takes place.
Not used in protein synthesis: Regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), do not play a direct role in protein synthesis but regulate gene expression.
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what do bottom dwelling fish,sponges and corals have in common
Bottom dwelling fish, sponges, and corals share common ecological interactions and relationships in marine ecosystems. Sponges provide shelter and nutrients to various species, including fish, while corals have symbiotic associations with algae called zooxanthellae. Bottom dwelling fish, like parrotfish, contribute to reef ecosystems through their feeding behavior, which aids in sediment production and nutrient cycling.
Given what you know about these two strains of yeast, what role does a cell's ability to repair dna play in how well it tolerates exposure to sunlight?
Final answer:
A cell's ability to repair DNA is essential for its tolerance to sunlight exposure. Cells with efficient DNA repair mechanisms can quickly fix DNA damage caused by sunlight, while cells with impaired repair abilities are more susceptible to the harmful effects of sunlight. Studies on yeast strains lacking DNA repair genes show higher mutation rates and reduced viability after sunlight exposure.
Explanation:
The ability of a cell to repair DNA plays a crucial role in how well it tolerates exposure to sunlight. When cells are exposed to sunlight, the high-energy UV radiation can cause damage to their DNA. Cells with efficient DNA repair mechanisms can quickly detect and repair this damage, minimizing its negative effects. In contrast, cells with impaired DNA repair abilities will experience accumulative DNA damage over time, making them more susceptible to the harmful effects of sunlight exposure.
For example, in the case of yeast, the ability of a cell to repair DNA can impact its survival and growth after exposure to sunlight. Studies have shown that yeast strains lacking certain DNA repair genes, such as photolyase, exhibit higher mutation rates and reduced viability after exposure to bright sunlight. These strains are less able to repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation, leading to the accumulation of genetic mutations and decreased survival.
Overall, a cell's ability to repair DNA is crucial for its tolerance to sunlight exposure. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms help maintain genome integrity and protect cells from the harmful effects of DNA damage induced by sunlight.
You have just purchased a hamburger at toady loady's hamburger stand. you get ready to eat it and notice that the meat is red-almost raw. you take the hamburger back to get a well-cooked hamburger due to your concern about which organism that is commonly associated with undercooked meat? staphlococcus aureus giardia lambia e-coli clostridium botulinum
The result of the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis is the generation of which two energy-rich molecules?
Which set of legs appears best adapted to carry an incubating egg mass?