To find the concentrations at equilibrium, one would use the equilibrium constant (K). Given known concentrations and the stoichiometry of the reaction, one can solve for the unknown concentration. Be sure to convert all quantities to appropriate units (molarity), and remember that these calculations assume that the system is at equilibrium.
Explanation:The question pertains to chemical equilibrium, particularly the equilibrium for the reaction N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) = 2NH3(g) at 500 k. It seems like there could be some missing details in the question, so I'll provide a general approach to solving problems like this.
To find the concentrations at equilibrium, we can use the concept of equilibrium constants. In this case, the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) = 2NH3(g) would be expressed as K = [NH3]² / ([N2][H2]³). Plugging in the known concentrations, one can solve for the unknown, which might be the concentration of 'b' referred to in the original question.
Note that the concentrations should be in molarity (M) units, which represent moles of solute per liter of solution. Therefore, the 3.30 m sample needs to be converted into volume (in litres) to derive the molarity given the number of moles of the substance.
Remember that calculations with equilibrium constants assume that the system has reached equilibrium, and that temperature remains constant. If the actual situation doesn't meet these conditions, more complex calculations might be needed.
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A solution is made by mixing 48.0 ml of ethanol, c2h6o, and 52.0 ml of water. assuming ideal behavior, what is the vapor pressure of the solution at 20 °c?
The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:
A solution is made by mixing 45.0 mL of ethanol, [tex]C_2H_6O[/tex], and 55.0 mL of water. Assuming ideal behavior, what is the vapor pressure of the solution at 20 °C?
Constants @ 20°C:
ethanol = 0.789 g/mL (Density) & 43.9 Torr (Vapor Pressure)
water = 0.998 g/mL (Density) & 17.5 Torr (Vapor Pressure)
Answer: The vapor pressure of the solution at 20°C is 23.4 Torr
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of substance, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex] ......(1)
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(2)
Mole fraction of a substance is given by:
[tex]\chi_A=\frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex] ......(3)
For ethanol:Density of ethanol = 0.789 g/mL
Volume of ethanol = 48.0 mL
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.789g/mL=\frac{\text{Mass of ethanol}}{48.0mL}\\\\\text{Mass of ethanol}=(0.789g/mL\times 48.0mL)=37.9g[/tex]
Given mass of ethanol = 37.9 g
Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g/mol
Putting values in equation 2, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of ethanol}=\frac{37.9g}{46g/mol}=0.824mol[/tex]
For water:Density of water = 0.998 g/mL
Volume of water = 52.0 mL
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.998g/mL=\frac{\text{Mass of water}}{52.0mL}\\\\\text{Mass of water}=(0.998g/mL\times 52.0mL)=51.9g[/tex]
Given mass of water = 51.9 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Putting values in equation 2, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of water}=\frac{51.9g}{18g/mol}=2.88mol[/tex]
Calculating the mole fractions by using equation 3:
Mole fraction of ethanol, [tex]\chi_{ethanol}=\frac{n_{ethanol}}{n_{ethanol}+n_{water}}=\frac{0.824}{0.824+2.88}=0.222[/tex]
Mole fraction of water, [tex]\chi_{water}=\frac{n_{water}}{n_{ethanol}+n_{water}}=\frac{2.88}{0.824+2.88}=0.778[/tex]
To calculate the total pressure of the mixture of the gases, we use the equation given by Raoult's law, which is:
[tex]p_T=\sum_{i=1}^n(p_{i}\times \chi_i)[/tex]
[tex]p_T=(p_{ethanol}\times \chi_{ethanol})+(p_{water}\times \chi_{water})[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]p_T=(43.9\times 0.222)+(17.5\times 0.778)\\\\p_T=23.4Torr[/tex]
Hence, the vapor pressure of the solution at 20°C is 23.4 Torr
n atom of an element is shown by the model. mc016-1.jpg How is this model useful? It shows how electrons are distributed in the shells of an iron atom. It shows how electrons are distributed in the shells of a cobalt atom. It shows how orbitals are distributed in the shells of an iron atom. It shows how orbitals are distributed in the shells of a cobalt atom.
Atom is the smallest unit of any element which can participate in a chemical reaction. Each atom of any element contains a central nucleus and outer shells
the central nucleus contains positive protons and neutral neturons
The outer part of nucleus has shells. These shells are occupied by electrons.
so the model must be a representation of how electrons are distributed in the shells of an iron atom
how do you think earths internal processes cause surface features on earth as large as mount everest
Explanation:
The mountain ranges like the Himalayas, where Mt. Everest is situated, and other bigger peaks are the outcomes of plate tectonics, resulting mainly due to huge slabs of Earth's crust colliding with each other. The point where collision takes place is known as a subduction zone, in which one of the subducts or slabs goes underneath, and the other gets on the top. When such kind of phenomenon take place, the push of one slab against the other, and the friction resulting on both the slabs lead to the formation of mountain ranges with the peaks like of Mt. Everest.
Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? view available hint(s) which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? oxidation. reduction. electronegativity. polarity?
At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant, kc, for this reaction is 53.3. at this temperature, 0.500 mol of h2 and 0.500 mol of i2 were placed in a 1.00-l container to react. what concentration of hi is present at equilibrium?
equation: h2 + i2 = 2hi
The concentration of HI present at equilibrium is approximately 1.13 M.
To find the equilibrium concentration of HI in the reaction between hydrogen (H₂) and iodine (I₂) to form hydrogen iodide (HI), we can follow these steps:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
[tex]H_2(g) + I_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2HI(g)[/tex]
The given equilibrium constant, K_c, for this reaction at a certain temperature is 53.3.
In this scenario, we have:
0.500 moles of H₂ 0.500 moles of I₂ Volume of the container = 1.00 LThis means that the initial concentrations of H₂ and I₂ are:
[tex][H_2]_{initial} = \frac{0.500 \text{ moles}}{1.00 \text{ L}} = 0.500 ext{ M}[/tex]
[tex][I_2]_{initial} = \frac{0.500 \text{ moles}}{1.00 \text{ L}} = 0.500 ext{ M}[/tex]
Let’s denote the change in concentration of H₂ and I₂ at equilibrium as -x (since they will decrease) and the increase in concentration of HI as +2x (because 1 mole of each H₂ and I₂ produces 2 moles of HI). The changes can be summarized as:
[tex][H_2] = 0.500 - x[/tex]
[tex][I_2] = 0.500 - x[/tex]
[tex][HI] = 0 + 2x[/tex]
At equilibrium, we can express K_c:
[tex]K_c = \frac{[HI]^2}{[H_2][I_2]}[/tex]
Substituting the equilibrium concentrations into the expression:
[tex]53.3 = \frac{(2x)^2}{(0.500 - x)(0.500 - x)}[/tex]
This simplifies to:
[tex]53.3 = \frac{4x^2}{(0.500 - x)^2}[/tex]
Cross-multiplying gives:
[tex]53.3(0.500 - x)^2 = 4x^2[/tex]
Expanding the left side:
[tex]53.3(0.250 - x + x^2) = 4x^2[/tex]
This leads to:
[tex]13.325 - 53.3x + 53.3x^2 = 4x^2[/tex]
Combining terms yields:
[tex]49.3x^2 - 53.3x + 13.325 = 0[/tex]
To solve this quadratic equation, we apply the quadratic formula:
[tex]x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}[/tex]
Where:
Calculating the discriminant:
[tex]b^2 - 4ac = (-53.3)^2 - 4(49.3)(13.325)[/tex]
Let's calculate
[tex]= 2840.89 - 2631.89 = 209.00[/tex]
Now substituting back into the formula, we compute:
[tex]x = \frac{53.3 \pm \sqrt{209}}{2(49.3)}[/tex]
Finding the positive root:
[tex]x \approx 0.563 \text{ (taking only the positive root for concentration)}[/tex]
We can now calculate the final concentration of HI:
[tex][HI]_{eq} = 2x = 2(0.563) \approx 1.126 ext{ M}[/tex]
Presently, earth's atmosphere is dominated by which two gases? hydrogen and helium oxygen and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide nitrogen and oxygen
Earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen accounts for about 78% of the atmosphere and oxygen makes up approximately 21%. The rest is made up of argon and trace gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Explanation:Presently, Earth's atmosphere is dominated by nitrogen (N₂) and oxygen (O₂). Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, while oxygen accounts for around 21%. The remaining 1% consists of gases such as argon, with trace amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. These percentages refer to the volume mix in the air at Earth's surface. This is a significant shift from early in the Earth's history, when the atmosphere was dominated by carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen-containing gases. That initial chemical composition changed over time due to processes like photosynthesis, which resulted in the release of oxygen, and the effects of solar ultraviolet light, which caused lighter hydrogen atoms to escape from Earth.
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A chemist dissolves silver nitrate (agno3) in water. he also dissolves ammonium chloride (nh4cl) in water. he mixes the two solutions. a precipitate of silver chloride (agcl) forms. which chemical equation correctly represents this reaction? agno3(s) + nh4cl(s) agcl(s) + nh4no3(s) agno3(aq) + nh4cl(aq) agcl(aq) + nh4no3(aq) agno3(aq) + nh4cl(aq) agcl(s) + nh4no3(aq)
. Why do carpenters use a screw instead of nails to join two pieces of wood?
Screws have phenomenal tensile strength which is far greater than nails. Screws build a tight adhesion between two pieces of wood.
Nails are used for joints, because even after multiple twists the wood at the joints will remain together when nails are used. But a screw will come off after a single twist, if screws are used to hold wood at the joints.
For any static wood work screws are better than nails because of their tensile strength.
Which of these is a combustion and synthesis reaction?
A. CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
B. Mg + O2 → MgO
C. H2O → H2 + O2
D. CaO → Ca + O2
Answer:
It's B!
Explanation:
How many molecules of carbon dioxide are in 95 grams of carbon dioxide (co2)?
If a neutral atom of boron (B) contains 5 protons, 5 electrons and 6 neutrons, what is the mass number of this atom? (2 points)
21
11
10
5
Elements with similar properties are located
in the same row on the periodic table
on opposite ends of the periodic table
in the same column of the periodic table
next to each other on the periodic table
Elements with similar properties are located in the same column of the periodic table, as these elements have the same number of valence electrons, which determine their chemical properties.
Explanation:Elements with similar properties are found in the same column of the periodic table. This is due to the fact that elements in the same column (also known as a group) have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level, also known as valance electrons. These valance electrons determine an element's chemical properties. For example, Group 18 elements, or noble gases, all have a complete set of electrons in their outermost shell, making them extremely stable and unreactive.
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Why are some substances not able to dissolve in water? A. The attraction between the solute and solvent particles is too strong to mix. B.The attraction between the solute and solvent is not very strong. C.The chemical bonds in the solvent are too strong to be broken. D.The solute and solvent are not able to react together.
Oxyacids contains at least one h+ and an oxyanion. the " sulfurous " oxyacid contains the oxyanion ________.
Answer:
Oxygenation Nitrite
Explanation:
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?
Gas particles are in constant random motion.
The volume of individual gas particles is zero.
The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
Gas particles collide without losing energy.
The correct answer is
The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
:)
The following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases : The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
Further explanationKinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) states that a gas consists of molecules that move at a constant and random speed. The collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic so that no energy is wasted.
The molecules move in straight lines until they collide
Energy because this motion is expressed as Kinetic energy (KE) which can be formulated as:
[tex] \displaystyle KE = \frac {1} {2} mv ^ 2 [/tex]
The average kinetic energy value is only affected by temperature changes. The higher the temperature, the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases
This molecule is very small when compared to the distance between molecules, so the volume of gas contains mostly empty space
Gas particles move randomly (both speed and direction, as vector)
From the question :
Gas particles are in constant random motion.Particle motion creates kinetic energy.
they collide between particles or the walls of its container
The volume of individual gas particles is zero.The volume of the individual particles is negligible
The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.The motion of each particle is independent (no attraction or repulsion)
Gas particles collide without losing energyThe collisions are elastic, so there is no loss of kinetic energy, only transferred from between particles
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Keywords: Kinetic Molecular Theory, Collisions, The average kinetic energy , gas molecule
What effect does the water temperature have on solution rate hypothesis?
please help 30 points please answer all correctly 5 total thank you
How does the rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide, so2, compare to that of helium (he)? (note: the molar masses are so2 = 64 g/mol; he = 4.0 g/mol.)?
Answer : The rate of effusion of helium gas is four times of the rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide gas.
Solution : Given,
Molar mass of sulfur dioxide gas = 64 g/mole
Molar mass of helium gas = 4.0 g/mole
According to the Graham's law, the rate of effusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of gas.
[tex]R\propto \sqrt{\frac{1}{M}}[/tex]
or,
[tex]\frac{R_1}{R_2}=\sqrt{\frac{M_2}{M_1}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]R_1[/tex] = rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide gas
[tex]R_2[/tex] = rate of effusion of helium gas
[tex]M_1[/tex] = molar mass of sulfur dioxide gas
[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of helium gas
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get
[tex]\frac{R_1}{R_2}=\sqrt{\frac{4.0g/mole}{64g/mole}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{R_1}{R_2}=\frac{1}{4}[/tex]
Therefore, from this we conclude that, the rate of effusion of helium gas is four times of the rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide gas.
The atoms of which elements are least likely to form chemical bonds? Check all that apply.
phosphorus (P)
helium (He)
sodium (Na)
carbon (C)
oxygen (O)
neon (Ne)
argon (Ar)
Answer:
A
Explanation:
When an atom loses one electron, the charge on its ion is _____?
Final answer:
When an atom loses one electron, it becomes a positively charged ion, known as a cation, with a +1 charge due to more protons than electrons.
Explanation:
When an atom loses one electron, the charge on its ion becomes positively charged. This occurs because there are now more protons than electrons in the ion. Atoms that lose electrons are referred to as cations. For example, when a neutral sodium atom loses one electron, it transforms into Na+, which signifies a cation with a +1 charge. The loss of electrons results in a higher number of protons than electrons, leading to a positive charge on the resulting ion, making sodium a cation, Na+, with a +1 charge. This process is essential for forming ions in chemistry, as ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in an imbalance that gives them a net charge.
In a titration, 25.9 mL of 3.4 x10^-3 M Ba(OH)2 neutralized 16.6 mL of HCL solution. What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Final answer:
The molarity of the HCl solution is determined by using the volume and molarity of Ba(OH)2 to find the moles of HCl neutralized, which in this case results in a molarity of 0.01061 M for the HCl solution.
Explanation:
To calculate the molarity of the HCl solution, we will use the data provided from the titration of Ba(OH)2 with HCl. We are given that 25.9 mL of 3.4 x 10-3 M Ba(OH)2 completely neutralized 16.6 mL of HCl solution.
First, we calculate the number of moles of Ba(OH)2:
# moles Ba(OH)2 = Volume (L) x Molarity = (0.0259 L) x (3.4 x 10-3 M) = 8.806 x 10-5 moles
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O
From the equation, we see that 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 reacts with 2 moles of HCl. Therefore, the moles of HCl neutralized by Ba(OH)2 would be twice the number of moles of Ba(OH)2, which is 2 x 8.806 x 10-5 = 1.7612 x 10-4 moles.
Now, we can find the molarity of the HCl solution:
Molarity HCl = # moles HCl / Volume HCl (L) = 1.7612 x 10-4 moles / 0.0166 L = 0.01061 M
A gas at 300 k and 4.0 atm is moved to a new loacation with a temperature of 250 k. The volume changes from 5.5 L to 2.0 L. What is the pressure of the gas at the new location?
A population of Purple Gorillas feeds entirely on plants. But some of these Gorillas are good at digesting Plant A, while others are good at digesting Plant B. Still other Purple Gorillas are good at digesting Plant C. What might be an advantage of a single population of animals, such as the Purple Gorilla, having a very large amount of variability surrounding certain traits? A. There is no evolutionary advantage to this situation. B. It increases the chance that some members of the population will survive under changing environmental conditions. C. It makes it more difficult for poachers to hunt them. D. It makes it less likely that the population will split into different species, when selective pressures are increased.
Answer:
Answer is C
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Which of the following is not a best practice for soil conservation?
Question 1 options:
Mulching—covering the soil with wood chips or other protective cover
Mechanical methods—building structures to improve drainage and decrease erosion
Crop management—changing planting patterns & planting cover crops
Bioresurfacing- increasing land and agriculture usage
A molecule has the formula ab3 and the central atom is in a different plane from the surrounding three atoms. its molecular shape is __________.
Answer: trigonal pyramidal
Write a balanced equation to show the reaction of sulfurous acid with lithium hydroxide to form water and lithium sulfite
Sulfurous acid and lithium hydroxide react in a neutralization reaction to form water and lithium sulfite. The balanced chemical equation is H2SO3 + 2LiOH -> Li2SO3 + 2H2O.
Explanation:The question asks for a balanced equation that demonstrates the reaction between sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). This reaction is typically categorized as a type of acid-base reaction called neutralization, where an acid reacts with a base to produce salt and water. Here, sulfurous acid acts as the acid, and lithium hydroxide is the base. The products are lithium sulfite and water.
The balanced chemical equation is as follows: H2SO3 + 2LiOH -> Li2SO3 + 2H2O
This equation demonstrates that one molecule of sulfurous acid reacts with two molecules of lithium hydroxide to produce one molecule of lithium sulfite and two molecules of water.
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Using the data in the table, which of the conjugate acids below is the weakest acid?
The weakest acid is the one with the weakest conjugate base. It won't ionize completely in water and operates under the inverse proportionality principle between Ka and Kb.
Explanation:According to the principle of Bronsted-Lowry acids, the strength of an acid is determined by its ability to lose or donate a proton. This proton is then accepted by its conjugate base. When dissolving in water, a strong acid tends to lose its proton completely, hence it is completely ionized, and produces a large number of hydronium ions. Its conjugate base is weak, as it cannot accept many protons due to the acid's complete ionization. On the contrary, a weak acid only partially ionizes, hence, its conjugate base is strong, being able to accept many protons. Furthermore, there's an inverse relation between Ka (acid dissociation constant) and Kb (base ionization constant), meaning the stronger the acid, the weaker the base, and vice versa.
To find out the weakest acid in a list of conjugate acid-base pairs, we need to look for the acid with the weakest conjugate base listed above water in the table, in Figure 14.8. This indicates that the acid is weak and doesn't readily give up protons when dissolved in water.
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How many hydrogen atoms are there in 7.30 moles of ethanol
To find the number of hydrogen atoms in 7.30 moles of ethanol, multiply the number of moles of hydrogen per mole of ethanol (6) by the total moles of ethanol (7.30), resulting in 43.8 moles of hydrogen. Then, multiply by Avogadro's number to get approximately 2.64 × 1025 hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:To calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in 7.30 moles of ethanol, we first need to understand the chemical composition of ethanol. The chemical formula for ethanol is C2H6O, which indicates that each mole of ethanol contains 2 moles of carbon (C), 6 moles of hydrogen (H), and 1 mole of oxygen (O). Therefore, in one mole of ethanol, there are 6 moles of hydrogen atoms.
To find the total number of hydrogen atoms in 7.30 moles of ethanol, we multiply the number of moles of hydrogen per mole of ethanol (6) by the number of moles of ethanol (7.30):
Number of hydrogen atoms = 6 moles H/mole C2H6O × 7.30 moles C2H6O
Number of hydrogen atoms = 43.8 moles of hydrogen atoms.
Since one mole contains Avogadro's number of atoms, which is approximately 6.022 × 1023 atoms per mole, we calculate the total number of hydrogen atoms as follows:
Number of hydrogen atoms = 43.8 moles H × 6.022 × 1023 atoms/mole
Number of hydrogen atoms = approximately 2.64 × 1025 hydrogen atoms.
Will the ph of a solution of nh4cn be >7, <7, or =7?
Match each boundary with its description
1. convergent __________________________________________.
2. divergent __________________________________________.
3. transform ___________________________________________.
This plate boundary creates new land, like the seafloor at the mid-atlantic ridge.
This plate boundary can cause earthquakes from plates rubbing along side each other.
This plate boundary usually forms mountains due to colliding plates.
Answer: 1. convergent :This plate boundary usually forms mountains due to colliding plates.
2. divergent :This plate boundary creates new land, like the seafloor at the mid-atlantic ridge.
3.transform :This plate boundary can cause earthquakes from plates rubbing along side each other.
Explanation:
Convergent boundaries are the areas on the surface of the Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collides. One of the late slides beneath the other making area highly prone to earthquakes.
Divergent boundaries are the areas on the surface of the Earth where two tectonic plates moves away from each other.Due this movement of plates a ridge is created like sea floor at the mid-Atlantic ridge.
Transform are the area on the surface of the Earth where two plates slides away past to each other due to which gives rise to earthquakes.