If the flowers contain 50,000 kcal of energy, about how much energy will the lizard obtain from eating the butterfly? 500 kcal 5,000 kcal 50,000 kcal 500,000 kcal

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

5000 kal

Explanation:

Answer 2

The secondary consumer lizard, can store only 10% (500 kcal) of insects energy that is originally came from plant.

10% Rule:

In ecology the energy flow is decreasing as moving from one tropic level to another.

Here, the primary consumer insects, store only 10%(5000 kcal) of plant's energy.

Therefore, the secondary consumer lizard, can store only 10% (500 kcal) of insects energy that is originally came from plant.

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Related Questions

Ava makes a diagram that compares a confined aquifer with an unconfined aquifer.



Which statements would make the diagram correct?

X: contains the water table
Y: found between impermeable rock
X: contains the water table
Y: has water under pressure
X: found between impermeable rock
Y: contains the water table
X: has upper surface of water at atmospheric pressure
Y: has water under pressure

Answers

The correct option is this: X: FOUND BETWEEN IMPERMEABLE ROCK.
Y: CONTAINS THE WATER TABLE.
Confined aquifer refers to a water bearing layer, that is confined by a rock, which does not allow transmission of water. An unconfined aquifer is one that is not restricted by any overlain rock. Thus, confined aquifer is found between impermeable rock, while unconfined aquifer contain the water table.

X: found between impermeable rock

Y: contains the water table

Hope it helps

Please help. I'm going to fail omg.



Directions: Use the information given to you below for each trait to answer the problems that follow. Trait


Dominant Form Recessive Form Letter to Use Hair Color Brown Blond B or b Eye Color Brown Blue E or e Dimples Dimples No Dimples D or d Widow’s Peak Widow’s Peak Not Present W or w Freckles Freckles No Freckles F or f Handedness Right Handed Left Handed H or h


1. What is the genotype of a female who is heterozygous for eye color? _______________________

2. What is the genotype of a female who is homozygous dominant for dimples? _________________

3. What is the genotype of a male who is homozygous recessive for hair color? ___________________

4. What is the genotype of a male who is heterozygous for the widow’s peak? _________________

5. What is the genotype of a female who is homozygous recessive for eye color? __________________

6. What is the genotype of a male who is heterozygous for dimples? __________________________

7. What is the genotype of a female who is homozygous dominant for handedness? _________________

8. What is the genotype of a male who is homozygous recessive for handedness? __________________

9. What is the genotype of a male who is heterozygous for freckles? __________________________

10. What is the genotype of a female who is homozygous dominant for hair color? _________________

11. If a person has the genotype DD, they are considered to be? __________________________

12. If a person has the genotype hh, they are considered to be? ____________________

13. If a person has the genotype Ww, they are considered to be? ______________________________

14. If a person has the genotype Bb, what trait are they heterozygous for? ________________________

15. If a person has the genotype FF, what trait are they homozygous for? ________________________ Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers: List the Phenotypes of the flowers: PP________________________ Pp________________________ pp________________________ Brown eyes are dominant to Blue Eyes: List the Phenotypes for the genotypes listed: BB________________________ Bb________________________ bb________________________ Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. List the Phenotypes for the genotypes listed: RR ________________________ Rr________________________ rr________________________ Bobtails in cats are recessive: List the Phenotypes of the cats: TT________________________ Tt________________________tt________________________

Answers

i got you fam

1. Ee
2. DD
3. bb
4. Ww
5. ee
6. Dd
7. HH
8. hh
9. Ff
10. BB
11. homo dominant
12. homo recessive 
13. hetero
14. hair color 
15. freckles
PP. purple homo dominant 
Pp. purple hetero
pp. white homo recessive  
BB. brown homo dominant
Bb. brown hetero
bb. blue homo recessive 
RR. round seeds homo dominant
Rr. round seeds hetero
rr. wrinkled seeds homo recessive
TT. bobtails homo dominant
Tt. bobtails hetero
tt. no bobtail homo recessive 

1. Ee

2. DD

3. bb

4. Ww

5. ee

6. Dd

7. HH

8. hh

9. Ff

10. BB

11. homo dominant

12. homo recessive 

13. hetero

14. hair color 

15. freckles

PP. purple homo dominant 

Pp. purple hetero

pp. white homo recessive  

BB. brown homo dominant

Bb. brown hetero

bb. blue homo recessive 

RR. round seeds homo dominant

Rr. round seeds hetero

rr. wrinkled seeds homo recessive

TT. bobtails homo dominant

Tt. bobtails hetero

tt. no bobtail homo recessive


Sort the following taxonomic levels in order from largest to smallest. Largest being 1st, smallest being 7th.

Answers

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus & Species

What would happen to the body if the body temperature continued to decrease during the tenth hour instead of leveling off

Answers

There are several reasons why the body temperature falls continuously just like when you are exposed to an extreme cold weather or wearing wet clothing for a long time. This abnormality state of the body temperature can lead into some potential diseases and disorders like infection, insomnia, stress and sepsis.

Which statement is true about pandemics and endemics?

A) a pandemic can escalate into an epidemic.

B) an epidemic can escalate into a pandemic.

C) a pandemic is localized in one area while an epidemic is spread across countries.

D) a pandemic only involves infectious diseases while an epidemic only involves noninfectious diseases.

Answers

Its B, an epidemic can escalate to a pandemic

Pandemic is the condition that occurs due to escalation of epidemic. The correct option is B.

What is a epidemic?

A disease that impacts a vast group of people in a community, demography, or region is referred to as an epidemic.

On the other hand, pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Which structure do both nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants have in common?

seeds

stems

spores

Answers

Seedless plants do not have seeds or stems making the answer c. spores

Spores are the structure which are present in both nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants in common. Thus, the correct option is C.

What are vascular plants?

Vascular plants are also called tracheophytes. These plants form a large group of land plants which have lignified tissues for the conduction of water and minerals throughout the plant and a specialized non-lignified tissue for the conduction of products of photosynthesis.

The seedless vascular plants contain vascular tissue but do not produce flowers or seeds. In seedless vascular plants, like ferns and horsetails, they reproduce through haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds.

Non-vascular plants do not have any vascular tissues. Non-vascular plants do not possess roots, stems, or leaves which were present in the vascular plants.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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if simple sugars are present, the solution will turn which color when combined with the food sample and heated?

Answers

The answer is green, yellow or brick-red.  If simple sugars are present, the blue solution will turn green, yellow or brick-red when combined with the food sample and heated.  Benedict's solution is used to test for simple sugars, such as glucose. It is a clear blue solution of sodium and copper salts. When heated with the food sample, the blue solution changes color to green, yellow, and brick-red, depending on the amount of sugar.

In your own words, explain what the summary equation tells you about cellular respiration.

Answers

Cellular respiration according to equation
                              C₂H₂O₂ + 6O₂ ⇒ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
This equation tells that glucose molecule is broken down in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and energy. However, its mechanism is not so simple, it complete in three steps. In first step also known as glycolysis, glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvates with expenditure of energy. In second step and third step ( Kreb cycle and ETC) most of the energy is released in the form of ATP
Final answer:

The summary equation for cellular respiration represents the conversion of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, the opposite process of photosynthesis. It indicates how cells extract energy from food and helps maintain stable atmospheric levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

The summary equation for cellular respiration provides a concise description of the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Specifically, the equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP represents the transformation of the energy contained in the bonds of glucose molecules into a form usable by cells for biological functions. This process is vital for the maintenance of life and is the mirror opposite of photosynthesis, where plants produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight.

The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen through cellular respiration and photosynthesis worldwide helps to keep atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at stable levels. Cellular respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain. Each stage involves a series of biochemical reactions that progressively capture energy from glucose and transfer it into the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP.

How long does it take for the moon to rotate and revolve?

Answers

1 month for orbit and 27 days to revolve
"approximately 27 days"

The picture shows an experiment used to determine the effect of using more nails in the core of an electromagnet. Which of the following would make this a better designed experiment?
A. Using a different number of batteries for each electromagnet.
B. Using the same number of turns of wire for each electromagnet.
C. Inserting an ammeter in each circuit between the battery and the nails.
D. Using a different size battery for each electromagnet.

Answers

Answer is B. Using the same number of turns of wire for each electromagnet. 

I need help with punnet squares

Answers

what do you need help with regarding them

Answer:

a punnett square shows the probability that the parents off spring will have a certain phenotype be cross the parents two genotypes

further Explanation:

so a punnett square take two parents and crosses them to calculate the chance you will get a certain phenotype by drawing a square and splitting it into four quarter you take the dads two genotypes and put them on the top of the square and you put the moms on the side now that you have the parents genotypes labeled you cross them the letters are there alleles so if you have a upper case allele then it is dominant meaning the offspring get the dominant trait (phenotype) now if you have two lower case letters then the offspring get the non-dominant trait (phenotype) so Bb is gets a dominant trait  BB is a dominant trait but bb is a non dominant trait the way you cross them is say you have BBxbb here's what the chart will look like

    B    B

b   Bb  Bb

b   Bb  Bb

i hoped this helped if it di please give me brainlest

Marge is an ace at tennis. She does not miss a ball! She has great balance and coordination. The part of Marge’s brain that helps with her tennis game is the _______

Answers

The Answer is the Pre-Frontal Cortex.

Hope this Helps!

Answer:

The answer is B cerebellum

Explanation:

Which is an indication that water is entering cells

Answers

The cell would become turgid or swollen, in plant cells, the cell wall prevents the cell from bursting whereas in animal cells, the cell would burst, if that makes any sense

an offspring cannot have a trait if neither of its parents has it. Agree or disagree?

Answers

disagree, the offspring can have traits of the from the parent's parent's, if that makes sense
If the P generation are both heterozygous then you have a 25% chance that the offspring will get the recessive trait. If both parents have brown eyes, the child can have blue eyes but it would have to be as a recessive trait from heterozygous parents

Which of the following is a way that marine ecosystems can be affected by climate warming trends

Answers

Decreased levels of carbonate.

Answer:

C. decreased levels of carbonate

Explanation:

Edge

Eli wants to reduce his impact on the environment. Which activity should Eli do to help the environment and his community?

Answers

The correct activity for Eli to undertake to help the environment and his community is to participate in local recycling programs.

By participating in local recycling programs, Eli can contribute to reducing waste in his community. Recycling helps to conserve natural resources, saves energy, and reduces pollution, which are all beneficial to the environment.

Additionally, by engaging in recycling, Eli can set a positive example for others in his community, potentially encouraging more people to recycle and thus amplifying the positive impact on the environment.

Other activities such as reducing energy consumption at home, using public transportation, and supporting local environmental groups are also beneficial, but recycling is a direct way to reduce waste and can be done by almost everyone in the community.

WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
The characteristics of two layers of Earth’s crust are listed. Layer A: Consists of the lithosphere Layer B: All living things live on this layer Which statement is true?

Layer A is the crust and Layer B is the mantle.
Layer A is the mantle and Layer B is the crust.
Layer A is the outer core and Layer B is the inner core.
Layer A is the inner core and Layer B is the outer core.

Answers

Layer A id the mantle and Layer B is the crust.

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

The upper mantle along with the some portion of crust together makes the lithosphere.  

Lithosphere is bounded by the atmosphere and primarily consists of rock and plates. There are two types of oceanic lithosphere – a) Oceanic Lithosphere and b) Continental Lithosphere

The living organism live on the top most layer of earth i.e the crust which consist of geographical land forms and soil

Hence, option B is correct

Over the decades local and global ice ages have lowered sea levels. As a result, there is often a decline in marine diversity due to

Answers

It should be due to the changes in the water temperature and the salinity of the water.

Over the decades local and global ice ages have lowered sea levels. As a result, there is often a decline in marine diversity due to - factors like salinity and temperature of water.

Salinity is the measure of the amount of salt present in any ocean or sea water. High salinity makes it impossible for marine life to survive. Similarly, the temperature of water should be maintained according to every organism's need. Like- Deep sea has a low temperature as compared to shallow sea, due to sunlight. So, deep sea creatures cannot survive in shallow water temperature and shallow water creatures cannot survive in deep sea.

what scientific breakthrough did darwins research lead too?

Answers

The theory of evolution would be the correct answer.

I hoped this helped!

A neutron star collapses into a black hole because of the force of (fusion,gravity)

Answers

Gravity

Neutron stars are the most extreme and fascinating objects known to exist in our universe: Such a star has a mass that is up to twice that of the sun but a radius of only a dozen kilometers: hence it has an enormous density, thousands of billions of times that of the densest element on Earth. An important property of neutron stars, distinguishing them from normal stars, is that their mass cannot grow without bound. Indeed, if a nonrotating star increases its mass, also its density will increase. Normally this will lead to a new equilibrium and the star can live stably in this state for thousands of years. This process, however, cannot repeat indefinitely and the accreting star will reach a mass above which no physical pressure will prevent it from collapsing to a black hole. The critical mass when this happens is called the "maximum mass" and represents an upper limit to the mass that a nonrotating neutron star can be.

However, once the maximum mass is reached, the star also has an alternative to the collapse: it can rotate. A rotating star, in fact, can support a mass larger than if it was nonrotating, simply because the additional centrifugal force can help balance the gravitational force. Also in this case, however, the star cannot be arbitrarily massive because an increase in mass must be accompanied by an increase in the rotation and there is a limit to how fast a star can rotate before breaking apart. Hence, for any neutron star, there is an absolute maximum mass and is given by the largest mass of the fastest-spinning model.

24 PLEASEEEE!! 43 points and Brainlyist answer

Answers

1.Fossils
2.Location

Scientist use fossils to study body structures and compare them.
Scientist use location to study location to see how organisms used their features to cross water or survive in different temperatures.

Answer:

1.Fossils

2.Location

Explanation:

Kingdom animalia includes a major phylum known as chordata, which includes the sub-phylum vertebrata. This includes lions like the ones shown above. The remaining taxonomic levels for lions is: Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae, Panthera, leo. For the lion, Felidae is the name given to which taxonomic level?

Answers

Family is the answer                                                         

Answer:

The correct answer is- Family

Explanation:

All the organisms are classified into seven different taxonomic groups and these groups are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. The highest largest taxonomic level is the kingdom and the lowest and smallest is species.

Leo is the species, Panthera is the genus and Felidae is a family of lion. The order of lion is Carnivora, class is Mammalia, phylum is Chordata and kingdom is Animalia. Therefore Felidae is the family of lion at taxonomic level.

you are looking through a microscope at some cells.each of the cells have a different structure. what can you infer about the cells

Answers

C they have different functions i think its the most accurate (btw this is MY opinion)

When viewing cells through a microscope and noticing that each cell has a different structure, it can be inferred that these cells have different functions or come from different types of organisms or tissues. The variation in cell structure is typically linked to the specific roles each cell performs, as a cell's structure is tailored to its function in accordance to the principle known as 'form follows function' in biology.

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, and their structures are intimately linked with their functions. The concept of 'form follows function' suggests that the structure of a biological entity will be shaped by the particular functions it performs. If the cells observed are structurally distinct, it implies that they were designed to carry out different tasks or come from various environments. For example, a neuron in the nervous system has a very different structure compared to a red blood cell, reflecting their unique roles in the body. Similarly, plant cells differ from animal cells in key structural components like cell walls and chloroplasts, which are related to their functions in photosynthesis and maintaining rigidity. Noticing different structures under the microscope implies that there is a diversity of cell types and possibly a range of biological functions being observed.

The human population has exceeded 7.06 billion with the developing countries accounting for 97% of the growth. What factor does not account for population growth in these countries ? A.) High fertility rates B.) Lower levels of education C.) Limited use of family planning D.) Improving economic opportunities

Answers

B is correct. It doesn't account for the population increase.

Answer is D.

There are many reasons for the rapid population growth rate in most developing countries is higher than in developed countries. Some of the major ones are: Women are least educated and they don't have easy access to birth control measures. Developing countries depend on agriculture and other farming activities. Children can be put to work at a young age to do these jobs. So, to improve economic condition of their families. Therefore, high fertility rate may not account to high population growth rate in most developing countries.

These suns energy comes from the process of nuclear fusion in which hydrogen atoms form

Answers

the answer is helium atoms

Answer: Helium atoms  

Explanation: The reaction taking place at the Sun is nuclear fusion reaction. It is a process where two or more atoms combine leading to formation of a new atoms. But here total mass of the reactants is not equal to total mass of the products. Some of the mass is lost as energy and this energy is produced in very enormous amount. At the Sun, four H atoms combine and form helium atoms. Along with this large amount of energy is produced which is responsible for huge amount of heat at the Sun.

During germination, peas sprout and grow. The data table shows the carbon dioxide produced during the germination period of peas under different conditions. Condition Rate of carbon dioxide produced (mL/min) Germinating peas, 10ºC 0.01 Germinating peas, 20ºC 0.02 What is the best conclusion?

Answers

Germinating peas at 20°C, they have a higher rate of cellular respiration than germinating peas which are at 10°C. To conclude, the results which are excerpting from the data table shows that the carbon dioxide which is produced during the germination period of peas under different conditions is a positive and direct correlation in its relationships.
The evidence is that germinating period grows at an interval of one, and ten in both carbon dioxide produced and temperature.

Answer:

I believe the answer is C

Explanation:

Germinating peas at 20*C have a higher rate of cellular respiration than germinating peas at 10*C

Hope this helps! :)

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Genetic mutations can cause many different diseases and disorders. Which of the following diseases is caused by a genetic mutation?
A. AIDS
B.Cystic fibrosis
C.Type 1 Diabetes
D.rheumatoid arthritis

Answers

The answer is B. cystic fibrosis
i thinks its B.cystic fibrosis

in order to make the sanitizer the most effective it can be, it is acceptable to mix the sanitizer with

Answers

Effective sanitizers are created using 60% to 80% isopropanol or ethanol, with glycerin or ethylene to maintain skin softness.

To make sanitizer effective, it is common to use a combination of isopropanol or ethanol at a concentration of 60% to 80%, with the remainder typically being substances like ethylene or glycerin to keep the skin soft. These alcohols work by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, leading to cell lysis. For a tool to be effectively sanitized, it should be sprayed or dipped in the sanitizer and allowed to air dry without being wiped off with a sanitizing wipe.

Factors such as concentration, pH, temperature, and exposure time are crucial in determining the effectiveness of a sanitizer. Typically, alcohols are used in about a 70% aqueous solution as they require water to prevent the rapid coagulation of proteins, which could hinder the disinfectant's ability to penetrate cell membranes effectively. It is also important to select a disinfectant that is suitable for the contaminants present, cost-effective, non-toxic, and has a good shelf life.

Mitochondrial DNA accumulates DNA mutations quickly. Because of this, it would be most beneficial in analyzing the ancestral relationship of organisms that are


A. Mitochondrial DNA is beneficial in both of these cases


B. Distantly related


C. Mitochondrial DNA is not used to analyze relationships


D. Closely related

Answers

Answer:

Mitochondrial DNA accumulates DNA mutations quickly. Because of this, it would be most beneficial in analyzing the ancestral relationship of organisms that are

A. Mitochondrial DNA is beneficial in both of these cases

B. Distantly related

C. Mitochondrial DNA is not used to analyze relationships

D. Closely related

Explanation:

Mitochondrial DNA does not serve to identify individuals without ambiguity, but to detect kinships between groups of individuals; it is then used for comparisons between missing persons and unidentified remains and their relatives.

The answer is: D. closely related.

explain why the light and dark colored squirrels might be selected for and the medium colored squirrels selected against

Answers

the lighter and darker squirrels probably dont blend in the environment so well, and the medium squirrels blend in perfectly
Other Questions
Which biome has been largely replaced by farms in north america? In which 3 organs does a plant store its starch in? What is the meaning of the word sarcasm as it is used in paragraph 18 of the passage from confetti girl? The term database describes a collection of data organized in a manner that allows ____ of that data. The digestive system takes in nutrients and breaks down these nutrients for energy. The solid waste products that are generated during digestion are removed from the human body by the what? Select ALL the correct words in the passage. Which three sentences in the story indicate that that the passage is an ex nihilo type of creation story?A. Behold the first word and the first discourse.B.There was as yet no man, nor any animal, nor bird, nor fish, nor crawfish, nor any pit, nor ravine, nor green herb, nor any tree; nothing was but the firmament.C.Lo, now how the heavens exist, how exists also the Heart of Heaven; such is the name of God; it is thus that he is called. D. And the creation was verily after this wise: Earth, they said, and on the instant it was formed; like a cloud or a fog was its beginning.E.Then the mountains rose over the water like great lobsters; in an instant the mountains and the plains were visible, and the cypress and the pine appeared. Then was the Gucumatz filled with joy, crying out: Blessed be thy coming, O Heart of Heaven, Hurakan,Full story: Behold the first word and the first discourse. There was as yet no man, nor any animal, nor bird, nor fish, nor crawfish, nor any pit, nor ravine, nor green herb, nor any tree; nothing was but the firmament. The face of the earth had not yet appearedonly the peaceful sea and all the space of heaven. There was nothing yet joined together, nothing that clung to anything else; nothing that balanced itself, that made the least rustling, that made a sound in the heaven. There was nothing that stood up; nothing but the quiet water, but the sea, calm and alone in its boundaries: nothing existed; nothing but immobility and silence, in the darkness, in the night.Alone also the Creator, the Former, the Dominator, the Feathered Serpentthose that engender, those that give being, they are upon the water, like a growing light. They are enveloped in green and blue; and therefore their name is Gucumatz. Lo, now how the heavens exist, how exists also the Heart of Heaven; such is the name of God; it is thus that he is called. And they spake; they consulted together and meditated; they mingled their words and their opinion. And the creation was verily after this wise: Earth, they said, and on the instant it was formed; like a cloud or a fog was its beginning. Then the mountains rose over the water like great lobsters; in an instant the mountains and the plains were visible, and the cypress and the pine appeared. Then was the Gucumatz filled with joy, crying out: Blessed be thy coming, O Heart of Heaven, Hurakan, Thunderbolt. Our work and our labor has accomplished its end. Which absolute value statement describes a 40 yard gain in football? A. |40| = 40, B. |-40| = 49, C. -|40| = 40, D. -|40| = 40, Which would have the GREATEST effect on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant? You collect old coins. today, you have two coins each of which is valued at $100. one coin is expected to increase in value by 5.2 percent annually while the other coin is expected to increase in value by 5 percent annually. what will be the difference in the value of the two coins 25 years from now? what is 350 kelvins on the celsius scale of temperature Alana tosses 2 number cubes. She wins if she rolls double sixes. Find p(Alana wins) Name the French novelist and poet, born in 1802, who was exiled to Jersey and who wrote about a hunchback Julia has two children who are four years apart in age. Julia is four times older than her youngest child. The sum of the ages of Julia and her children is 76 years. How old is Julia and each of her children? Need this geometry answer quick! What was alexis de tocqueville's opinion of the southern states? Edit using comma, colon and semi-colon After she won a small part in a local production of The King and I her popularity grew quickly. Describe three ways in which the organs of the circulatory system and respiratory system are protected. Zoologists are studying two newly discovered species of insects in a previously unexplored section of rain forest. They estimate the current population of insect A to be 1.3 million and the current population of insect B to be 2.1 million. As development is encroaching on the section of rain forest where these insects live, the zoologists estimate the populations of insect A to be reducing at a rate of 3.8% and insect B to be reducing at a rate of 4.6%. If P represents the population of each species of insect in millions, and t represents the elapsed time in years, then which of the following systems of equations can be used to determine how long it will be before the populations of the two species are equal? At its beginning and endpoints, the civil service was (is) based on _____. in the years between it was based on _____. As feudalism weakened, one way kings gained power was by supporting which? the Roman Catholic Church the Crusades new towns the lords in their kingdoms