Answers
Let
x------------------- > actual yield
y------------------- > theoretical yield
z------------------- > percent yield
we have that
z=x/y
we know
x=47 g
y=56 g
therefore
z=47/56=0.839 ---------------- > 83.9%
the answer is the option C 83.9%
Related Questions
A leaf falls into a shallow lake and is rapidly buried in the sediment the sediment change choose to rock over millions of years which type of fossil would most likely be form
Answers
For each bond, show the direction of polarity by selecting the correct partial charges. si-p si-s s-p the most polar bond is
Answers
Si = 1.90
P = 2.19
S = 2.58
As we move right across a row in the periodic table, the atoms become more electronegative. The direction of polarity in a bond will have the partial positive charge on the less electronegative atom and the partial negative charge on the more electronegative atom. Therefore, the direction of polarity of each bond is as follows:
(δ⁺)Si - P(δ⁻)
(δ⁺)Si - S(δ⁻)
(δ⁻)S - P(δ⁺)
Since silicon is the least electronegative, it will have the partial positive charge in each bond. And since sulfur is the most electronegative, it will have a partial negative charge when bonded to either silicon or phosphorus.
The biggest elctronegative difference is between silicon and sulfur. So Si-S will be most polar bond.
The polarity between the two atoms is determined by their relative difference in electronegativity.
The Electronegativity of ,
Silicon= 1.9
Phosphorus= 2.19
Sulfur= 2.58
The direction of polarity,
[tex]\rm \bold{ \delta^+Si\rightarrow \delta^-P}\\\rm \bold{ \delta^+Si\rightarrow \delta^-S}\\\rm \bold{ \delta^+P\rightarrow \delta^-S}[/tex]
Since, the biggest elctronegative difference is between silicon and sulfur (Si-S).
Hence we can say that Si-S will be most polar bond.
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Q 9.3: how many triplets would you expect to observe in the 1h nmr spectra for o-chlorotoluene
Answers
You would expect to observe 2 triplets in the ¹H NMR spectra for o-chlorotoluene.
Multiplicity observed in ¹H NMR spectra when the atom couples with a neighbor ¹H atom. The multiplicity is equal to N+1 where N is the number of neighbor atoms.
To observe a triplet, you'll need a molecule with 2 neighbor atoms. In o-chlorotoluene (shown in the figure), only protons C and D have 2 neighbor atoms (B and D; A and C, respectively), so you'll expect to see a 2 triplets.
Have a nice day!
Answer:
No triplet.
Explanation:
A triplet is observed in proton nmr when the neighboring, chemically non equivalent, carbon atoms bear two hydrogen atoms.
Let us examine the structure of o-chlorotoluene [shown in figure].
As shown in the figure there is no carbon bearing two equivalent hydrogen.
There are five non equivalent kind of hydrogen on the molecule
Three hydrogen are equivalent (Ha)
So we will observe only
a) Singlet
b) Doublet
c) Double doublet (split doublet)
Xas shown in table 15.2, kp for the equilibrium n21g2 + 3 h21g2 δ 2 nh31g2 is 4.51 * 10-5 at 450 °c. for each of the mixtures listed here, indicate whether the mixture is at equilibrium at 450 °c. if it is not at equilibrium, indicate the direction (toward product or toward reactants) in which the mixture must shift to achieve equilibrium. (a) 98 atm nh3, 45 atm n2, 55 atm h2 (b) 57 atm nh3, 143 atm n2, no h2 (c) 13 atm nh3, 27 atm n2, 82 atm h
Answers
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g)
and when we have Kp = 4.51 x 10^-5 so, in the Kp equation we will substitute by the value of the P for each gas to compare the value with Kp = 4.51x10^-5
a) when we have 98 atm NH3, 45 atm N2, 55 atm H2 by substitution in Kp equation:
Kp= [p(NH3)]^2 / [p(N2)]*[p(H2)]^3 = [98]^2 / [45]*[55]^3
= 1.28x10^-3
So here the value is higher than the value of the given Kp.
so the reaction will go leftwards toward the reactants ( to reduce the value of Kp) to reach the equilibrium.
b) When 57 atm NH3, 143 atm N2, No H2 so like a) by substitution:
Kp = [57]^2 / [143] = 22.7
So the reaction will go leftwards toward the reactants to reduce the value of Kp to reach equilibrium.
c) when 13 atm NH3, 27 atm N2, 82 H2
Kp = [13]^2 / [27]*[82]^3 = 1.135 x 10^-5 So this value is lower than the Kp which is given.
so, the reaction will go towards the right toward the products to increase the value of Kp to reach the equilibrium.
Which acid is the best choice to create a buffer with ph= 7.66?
Answers
pKa of hypochlorous acid is 7.54
If we know pKa and pH values, we can calculate the required ratio of conjugate base (ClO⁻) to acid (HClO) from the following equation:
pH=pKa + log(conc. of base)/( conc. of acid)
7.66=7.54 + log(conc. of base)/( conc. of acid)
7.66 - 7.54 = log(conc. of base)/( conc. of acid)
0.12 = log(conc. of base)/( conc. of acid)
(conc. of base)/(conc. of acid) = 10⁻⁰¹² = 0.76
How many moles (of molecules or formula units) are in each sample? part a 71.66 g cf2cl2?
Answers
m(CF₂Cl₂) = 71,66 g.
n(CF₂Cl₂) = m(CF₂Cl₂) ÷ M(CF₂Cl₂).
n(CF₂Cl₂) = 71,66 g ÷ 120,91 g/mol.
n(CF₂Cl₂) = 0,592 mol.
M - molar mass substance.
m - mass of substance.
n - amount of substance.
Calculate the vapor pressure at 50°c of a coolant solution that is 54.0:46.0 ethylene glycol-to-water by volume. at 50.0°c, the density of water is 0.9880 g/ml, and its vapor pressure is 92 torr. the vapor pressure of ethylene glycol is less than 1 torr at 50.0°c.
Answers
If we use 100 mL of solution:
V(ethylene glycol - C₂H₆O₂) = 0,54 · 100 mL = 54 mL.
V(water) = 0,46 · 100 mL = 46 mL.
m(C₂H₆O₂) = 54 mL · 1,115 g/mL = 60,21 g.
n(C₂H₆O₂) = 60,21 g ÷ 62,07 g/mol = 0,97 mol.
m(H₂O) = 46 mL · 0,988 g/mL = 45,45 g.
n(H₂O) = 45,45 g ÷ 18 g/mol = 2,525 mol.
mole fraction of solvent: 2,525 mol / (2,525 mol + 0,97 mol) =0,722.
Raoult's Law: p(solution) = mole fraction of solvent · p(solvent).
p(solution) = 0,722 · 92 torr = 66,42 tor.
A particular first-order reaction has a rate constant of 1.35 × 102 s-1 at 25.0°c. what is the magnitude of k at 75.0°c if ea = 85.6 kj/mol?
Answers
This question involves the application of the Arrhenius equation in chemistry, particularly in calculating the temperature dependence of reaction rates. Given the rate constant and the activation energy at a certain temperature, one can find the rate constant at a different temperature
Explanation:The question pertains to the use of the Arrhenius equation, which calculates the temperature dependence of reaction rates. The equation is k = A * e^(-Ea/RT), where k is the rate constant, A is the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
The given reaction has a rate constant (k) of 1.35 x 10² s-1 at 25.0°C (or 298.15K). The activation energy (Ea) is given as 85.6 kJ/mol. To find the rate constant at another temperature, rearrange the Arrhenius equation to solve for A, substitute the given values for Ea, k, R and T to find A. Then, plug the calculated A, given Ea, the new temperature in Kelvin (75.0°C or 348.15K), and R into the Arrhenius equation to solve for the new rate constant, k.
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A chemist mixes oxygen gas and hydrogen gas to form water, which is composed of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms per molecule. What has occurred? A physical change B chemical change C combustion D precipitation
Answers
Answer: The formation of water is a chemical change.
Explanation:
Physical change is defined as the change in which change in shape and size takes place. The chemical composition of a substance remains the same. No new substance is formed during this.
For Example: Melting of ice
Chemical change is defined as the change in which change in chemical composition takes place. A new substance is formed in this.
For Example: Formation of water molecule.
The chemical equation for the formation of water molecule follows:
[tex]2H_2+O_2\righatarrow 2H_2O[/tex]
Hence, the formation of water is a chemical change.
If 4.8 moles of X and 3.4 moles of Y react according to the reaction below, how many moles of the excess reactant will be left over at the end of the reaction?
3X + 2Y “yields”/ X3Y2
1.7 mol Y left over
1.6 mol X left over
0.2 mol Y left over
0.1 mol X left over
Answers
Answer : The correct option is, 0.2 mole Y left over .
Explanation : Given,
Moles of X = 4.8 mole
Moles of Y = 3.4 mole
The balanced chemical reaction is,
[tex]3X+2Y\rightarrow X_3Y_2[/tex]
From the balanced reaction, we conclude that
As, 3 moles of X react with 2 moles of Y
So, 4.8 moles of X react with [tex]\frac{2}{3}\times 4.8=3.2[/tex] moles of Y
From this we conclude that, the reactant Y is an excess reagent and X is a limiting reagent.
The moles of excess reagent left over at the end of the reaction = Given moles of X - Required moles of X
The moles of excess reagent left over at the end of the reaction = 3.4 - 3.2 = 0.2 mole
Therefore, the moles of excess reagent left over at the end of the reaction is, 0.2 mole Y left over.
Answer:
The correct answer is : '0.2 mol Y left over'.
Explanation:
[tex]3X + 2Y \rightarrow X_3Y_2[/tex]
Moles of X = 4.8 moles
Moles of Y = 3.4 moles
According to reaction, 3 moles of X react with 2 moles of Y .
Then 4.8 moles of X react with :
[tex]\frac{2}{3}\times 4.8=3.2 [/tex]moles of Y
Moles of Y reacted = 3.2 moles
Moles of Y left unreacted = 3.4 moles - 3.2 moles = 0.2 moles
As we can see that X is in limiting amount and y is present in an excessive amount.And the left over amount of Y is 0.2 moles.
What are ionic compounds typically composed of ?
A. A metal anion and a nonmetal cation
B. Two metal anions
C. A metal cation and non metal anion
D.Two nonmetal cations
Answers
When it comes to Ionic compounds just remember that
the LESS valence electrons an element has, the higher the tendency to LOSE them;
the MORE valence electrons an element has, the higher the tendency to RECEIVE them.
Metals have less valence electrons, so they tend to lose electrons, when there is a loss of electron, the atom becomes a CATION. Non-Metals on the other hand, have more valence electrons, so they tend to receive electrons, when there is a gain of electrons, the atom becomes an ANION.
So your answer is C.
Ionic compounds are generally formed from a metal cation (positively charged ion) and a nonmetal anion (negatively charged ion), so the correct answer to your question is option C.
Explanation:Ionic compounds are typically composed of a metal cation and nonmetal anion. This means the correct answer to your question is option C. A cation is a positively charged ion, and in this context, it is typically formed by an element from the left side of the periodic table, or a metal. An anion, on the other hand, is a negatively charged ion, usually formed by an element from the right side of the periodic table, or a nonmetal. When these ions combine, they create an ionic compound, such as NaCl (sodium chloride), where sodium is the metal cation and chloride is the nonmetal anion.
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The activation energy for the gas phase decomposition of 2-bromopropane is 212 kJ.
CH3CHBrCH3CH3CH=CH2 + HBr
The rate constant at 683 K is 6.06×10-4 /s. The rate constant will be 5.06×10-3 /s at
Answers
The activation energy can be determined using the Arrhenius equation. To find the activation energy at a different temperature, rearrange the equation and plug in the given rate constant. The frequency factor is approximately 1.529 * 10^9 /s.
Explanation:The activation energy can be determined using the Arrhenius equation:
k = Ae^(-Ea/RT)
where k is the rate constant, A is the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
To find the activation energy at a different temperature, we can rearrange the equation as:
Ea = -ln(k/A) * RT
Using the given rate constant at 683 K and the activation energy of 212 kJ, we can calculate the frequency factor as follows:
A = k * e^(Ea/RT)
Plugging in the values:
A = (6.06×10^(-4) /s) * e^(212000 J / (8.3145 J/mol*K * 683 K))
A = 1.529 * 10^9 /s
Therefore, the frequency factor is approximately 1.529 * 10^9 /s.
The activation energy for a reaction is the minimum amount of energy required for the reaction to occur. To find the activation energy at a different temperature, we can use the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy will be 2.71 kJ/mol at the desired condition.
Explanation:The activation energy for a reaction is the minimum amount of energy required for the reaction to occur. It represents the energy barrier that the reactants must overcome before they can form products. In the given question, the activation energy for the gas phase decomposition of 2-bromopropane is 212 kJ.
To find the activation energy at a different temperature, we can use the Arrhenius equation:
k = A * e^(-Ea/RT)
where:
- k is the rate constant
- A is the frequency factor
- Ea is the activation energy
- R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
- T is the temperature in Kelvin
By rearranging the equation, we can solve for the activation energy at a different temperature:
Ea2 = -ln(k2/k1) * (R/T2 - R/T1)
Substituting the given values:
Ea2 = -ln(5.06x10^-3 / 6.06x10^-4) * (8.314 J/(mol·K) / 683 K - 8.314 J/(mol·K) / 298 K)
Ea2 = -ln(8.333) * (0.0122 - 0.0278) = -ln(8.333) * (-0.0156) = 0.1739 * 0.0156 = 0.00271 J/mol = 2.71 kJ/mol
Therefore, the activation energy will be 2.71 kJ/mol at the desired condition.
What are isotopes? What are some examples of common stable isotopes?
Answers
When the metal sample reacts with acid, the gas evolved will be collected over water; the gas is said to be "wet". what is the composition of "wet" gas? how can partial pressure of hydrogen gas be obtained from the total pressure of wet gas? how will you obtain the neccessay data ro determine the pressure of hydrogen gas?
Answers
2) The pressure read for the wet gas is the total pressure (p total), which is the sum of partial pressure of the gas evolved (pH2) plus the partial pressure of vapou (pH2O)
p total = pH2 + pH2O
Then, the partial pressure of the hydrogen is: pH2 = ptotal - pH2O.
So, to find the partial pressure of hydrogen, you need to find the partial pressure of water vapor in a table and subtract it from the total pressure.
3) The data necessary fo find the partial pressure of pH2 is, beside the total pressure read by the instruments, the partial water vapor pressure.
To obtain the partial pressure of water vapor you need the temperature of the system because the data of water vapor pressure are recorded in tables whose entrance is the temperature.
Rubbing alcohol evaporates from your hand quickly, leaving a cooling sensation. Because evaporation is an example of a physical property, how do the molecules of gas compare to the molecules as a liquid? 1. The gas particles have a stronger attraction between them and move slower than the liquid. 2. The gas and liquid particles have the same structure and identity but different motion and kinetic energy. 3. The bonds inside the molecule are broken, and atoms move closer together as evaporation occurs. 4. The bonds are broken, and atoms spread apart as it changes from liquid to gas.
Answers
Final answer:
Rubbing alcohol molecules as a gas have the same structure as in the liquid but with more kinetic energy and less intermolecular attraction, which upon evaporation causes a cooling effect through evaporative cooling.
Explanation:
When rubbing alcohol evaporates from your hand, it leaves a cooling sensation because the molecules in the liquid state require a certain threshold of kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into a gas state. The correct statement regarding how the molecules of gas compare to the molecules as a liquid is:
The gas and liquid particles have the same structure and identity but different motion and kinetic energy.In the gaseous state, particles move faster and are further apart compared to when they are in the liquid state, where particles are closer together and have stronger intermolecular attractions. This process of evaporation involves evaporative cooling, where the molecules with higher kinetic energy escape, leaving behind those with lower kinetic energy, which results in a decrease in temperature.
mass of 0.432 moles of C8H9O4?
Answers
8 C = 8 * 12 = 96
9 H = 1 * 9 = 9
4 O = 4 *16 = 64
Total = 169
1 mol = 169 grams.
0.432 mol = x
1/0.432 = 169/x
x = 0.432 * 169
x = 73.0 grams
Explanation:
It is known that number of moles present in a substance is equal to the mass divided by molar mass.
Mathematically, No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]
As it is given that number of moles are 0.432 moles and molar mass of [tex]C_{8}H_{9}O_{4}[/tex] is 169.15 g/mol.
Hence, calculate the mass of [tex]C_{8}H_{9}O_{4}[/tex] is as follows.
No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]
0.432 mol = [tex]\frac{mass}{169.15 g/mol}[/tex]
mass = 73.072 g
Thus, we can conclude that the mass of 0.432 moles of [tex]C_{8}H_{9}O_{4}[/tex] is 73.072 g.
can someone help me
Answers
) Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 117 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) in enough water to make 2.7 liters of solution.
Answers
[tex]Molarity = \frac{moles-of-solute}{liters-of-solution} [/tex] --- (A)
But NaCl, which is a solute, is given in grams.
Therefore, first, we need to convert grams into moles.
Molecular weight of NaCl = 58.44 grams/mole.
So,
117 grams * (moles/ 58.44 grams) = 2.00 moles of NaCl
Now that we have moles of NaCl, plug in the values in (A):
(A) => Molarity = (2 / 2.7 ) = 0.741 moles/litre
The correct answer is: 0.741 moles/litre = Molarity
molecular or formula mass P4
Answers
The molar mass of a compound is obtained by the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms which form a compound.
So, formula mass of P4 is:
M(P4) = 4 x Ar(P) = 4 x 31 = 124 g/mole
Titanium is a metal used to make golf clubs. a rectangular bar of this metal measuring 1.77 cm x 2.08 cm x 2.64 cm was found to have a mass of 48.9 g. what is the density of titanium in g/cm3? answer
Answers
V = l * w * h
l = 2.64 cm
w = 2.08 cm
h = 1.77 cm
V = 2.64*2.08 * 1.77
V = 9.719 cm^3
Formula
density = mass / volume
Find the density
mass = 48.9 g
d = m / V
d = 48.9 / 9.719
d = 5.03 <<<=== answer.
The base-dissociation constant of ethylamine (c2h5nh2) is 6.4 ??? 10???4 at 25.0 ??
c. the [h ] in a 1.2 ??? 10-2 m solution of ethylamine is ________ m.
Answers
Chemical reaction: C₂H₅NH₂ + H₂O ⇄ C₂H₅NH₃⁺ + OH⁻.
Kb(C₂H₅NH₂) = 6,4·10⁻⁴.
c(C₂H₅NH₂) = 1,2·10⁻² M = 0,012 M.
[C₂H₅NH₃⁺] = [OH⁻] = x.
[C₂H₅NH₂] = 0,012 M - x.
Kb = [C₂H₅NH₃⁺] · [OH⁻] / [C₂H₅NH₂].
6,4·10⁻⁴ = x² / (0,012 M - x).
Solve quadratic equation: x = [OH⁻] = 0,0025 M.
[OH⁻] · [H⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴.
[H⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴ ÷ 0,0025 M = 4·10⁻¹¹ M.
[H⁺]=3.608.10⁻¹²
Further explanationWeak acid ionization reaction occurs partially (not ionizing perfectly as in strong acids)
The ionization reaction of a weak acid is an equilibrium reaction
HA (aq) ---> H⁺ (aq) + A⁻ (aq)
The equilibrium constant for acid ionization is called the acid ionization constant, which is symbolized by Ka
The values for the weak acid reactions above:
[tex]\rm Ka=\dfrac{[H][A^-]}{[HA]}[/tex]
The greater the Ka, the stronger the acid, which means the reaction to the right is also greater
Where Kb is the base ionization constant
LOH (aq) ---> L⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)
[tex]\rm Kb=\dfrac{[L][OH^-]}{[LOH]}[/tex]
Kb of Ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) : 6.4.10⁻⁴
The ethylamine ionization reactions occur in water as follows:
C₂H₅NH₂ + H₂O ⇒ C₂H₅NH₃⁺ + OH⁻
with a Kb value:
[tex]\rm Kb=\dfrac{[C_2H_5NH_3^+][OH^-]}{[C_2H_5NH_2]}[/tex]
for example x = number of moles / concentration that reacts
Initial concentration of Ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) : 1.2.10⁻²
Concentration at equilibrium = 1.2.10⁻² -x
Initial concentration of C₂H₅NH₃ = 0
Concentration at equilibrium = x
Initial concentration OH⁻ = 0
Concentration at equilibrium = x
so the value of Kb =
[tex]\rm Kb=\dfrac{[x][x]}{[1.2.10^{-2}-x]}\\\\assumption\:x=so\:small\:then\\\\6.4.10^{-4}=\dfrac{x^2}{1.2.10^{-2}}\\\\x^2=7.68.10^{-6}\\\\x=2.771.10^{-3}[/tex]
x = [OH⁻] = 2.771.10⁻³
Ka x Kb = [H⁺] [OH-]
a water equilibrium constant value (Kw) of 1.10⁻¹⁴ at 25 °C
Ka x Kb = [H +] [OH-] = 1.10⁻¹⁴
1.10⁻¹⁴ = [H⁺] . 2.771.10⁻³
[H⁺]=3.608.10⁻¹²
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How many moles of co2 are produced when 5.20 mol of ethane are burned in an excess of oxygen?
Answers
According to the equation of the reaction of ethane combustion, ethane and carbon dioxide have following stoichiometric ratio:
n(C2H6) : n(CO2) = 1 : 2
n(CO2) = 2 x n(C2H6)
n(CO2) = 2 x 5.2 = 10.4 mole of CO2 is formed
Why do sea and ocean levels recede (more coast land is exposed) when the planet goes through a major ice age?
Answers
Determine the empirical formula of a compound that contains 49.4% k, 20.3% s and 30.3% o.
Answers
Good luck :)
What is the expected oxidation state for the most common ion of element 2
Answers
Justification:
The ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to loose electrons and becomes ions.
The first ionization energy is the energy needed to liberate one one electron and form the ion with oxidation state 1+.
The second ionization energy is the energy to release a second electron and form the ion with oxidation state 2+.
The third ionization energy is the energy to leave a third electron free and form the ion with oxidation state 3+.
The relatively low first ionization energy of element 2, shows it it will lose an electron easily to form the ion with oxidations state 1+.
The second and third ionization energies are very high meaning that the ions with oxidation staes 2+ and 3+ will not be formed.
Therefore, the answer is that the expected oxidation state for the most common ion of element 2 is 1+.
What is the percent by mass of potassium in K3Fe(CN)6?
Answers
Answer:
The percentage of potassium in the given complex is 35.54 %.
Explanation:
Mass of potassium in [tex]K_3Fe(CN)_6[/tex] = 3 × 39.10 g mol=117.3 g/mol
Molar mass of [tex]K_3Fe(CN)_6[/tex] =329.15 g/mol
Percentage of potassium (K) in the the complex:
[tex]\% K=\frac{\text{mass of potassium}}{\text{molar mass of complex}}\times 100[/tex]
[tex]\%K=\frac{117.3 g/mol}{329.15 g/mol}\times 100=35.54\%[/tex]
The percentage of potassium in the given complex is 35.54 %.
Draw the products for the proton transfer reaction between sodium hydride and ethanol
Answers
The pka of H⁻ is 35. The pka of ethanol is 16. The species with the larger pka is the better base and is capable of deprotonating the species with the smaller pka. Therefore, the hydride will deprotonate the acidic -OH proton of the alcohol in the following reaction:
CH₃CH₂OH + NaH → CH₃CH₂O⁻Na⁺ + H₂
The result of the reaction is the hydride deprotonates the proton of the alcohol and forms the alkoxide, which is a sodium salt. This reaction also leads to the formation of H₂ gas which ensures that this reaction is not reversible as the H₂ leaves the reaction mixture upon formation.
Final answer:
Sodium hydride donates a hydride ion to ethanol, resulting in the formation of hydrogen gas and the ethoxide ion in a sodium ethoxide complex.
Explanation:
The proton transfer reaction between sodium hydride (NaH) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH) involves sodium hydride acting as a base, donating a hydride ion (H-) to the proton (H+) of the ethanol. This reaction results in the formation of hydrogen gas (H2) and the ethoxide ion (CH3CH2O-), which remains in the solution complexed with the sodium ion (Na+). The balanced equation for this reaction is NaH + CH3CH2OH → H2 + Na+ + CH3CH2O-. This reaction utilizes the hydride ion from the sodium hydride as a nucleophile that abstracts a proton from the ethanol, leading to the evolution of hydrogen gas.
Add formal charges to each resonance form of hcno below.based on the formal charges you added above, which structure is favored?
Answers
formal charges for atoms are assigned, this charge can be calculated using the following formula;
f.c = number of valence electrons - non bonding electrons around the atom - number of bonds
3 structures have been given, lets calculate for each structure
A.
charges for the atoms
H = 1-0-1=0
C = 4 -4-2 = -2
N = 5 - 0-4 = 1
O = 6 - 2 - 3 = 1
B.
H = 1-0-1 = 0
C = 4 - 0 - 4 =0
N = 5 - 0 - 4 = 1
O = 6 - 6 - 1 = -1
C.
H = 1-0-1 = 0
C = 4 - 2 - 3 = -1
N = 5 - 0 - 4 = 1
O = 6 - 4 - 2 = 0
Q2)
next we need to see which structure is most favoured.
the structure with least number of atoms that have a charge.
structure B and C have 2 atoms with charges whereas A has three atoms with charges, including an atom with -2 charge which is not common. so structure A can be disregarded.
another rule is that the more electronegative atom should have the more negative charge than less electronegative atoms. In structure C, Carbon the less electronegative atom compared to N and O, has -1 value and its more negative than the charges on N and O.
structure B on the other hand, O the more electronegative atom has -1 charge and C has 0 charge. Therefore the more favoured structure is B.
Answer:
The second structure is the most stable of all three.
Explanation:
The Formal Charge in the different resonance structures of HCNO is,
[tex]\rm FC=V-N+B[/tex]
Where,
FC- Formal charge
V- Valence Electron
N- Non-bonding Electron
B- Number of bonds
So, Formal charge In the atoms of first resonance structure is
H = 1-0+1=0
C = 4 -4+2 = -2
N = 5 - 0+4 = 1
O = 6 - 2 + 3 = 1
Formal charge In the atoms of Second resonance structure is
H = 1-0+1 = 0
C = 4 - 0 + 4 =0
N = 5 - 0 + 4 = 1
O = 6 - 6+1 = -1
Formal charge In the atoms of Third resonance structure is
H = 1-0 + 1 = 0
C = 4 - 2 +3 = -1
N = 5 - 0 + 4 = 1
O = 6 - 4 +2 = 0
To Figure out the most stable resonance structure we have to keep two things in mind:
1) The stable molecular structure tend to have the least number of charged atom.
2) In a stable molecular structure the negative charge is present in the more electronegative atom.
Here decreasing order of electronegativity is,
N > O > C > H
From the Explanation above, the second structure (B) follows both points
Therefore, The second structure is the most stable of all three.
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Look up the boiling points of anisole and d-limonene. which one do you expect to elute first in gas chromotograpjhy
Answers
A lower boiling compound will elute faster (shorter retention time) than a higher boiling compound. The reason for this is the mobile phase of GC is a gas while the stationary phase is a liquid. Therefore, the more time a compound spends in the mobile phase, the faster it will elute.
The boiling point of anisole and d-limonene are 153.8 °C and 176 °C, respectively. Therefore, anisole will have a shorter retention time since it has the lower boiling point.
Final answer:
In gas chromatography, compounds elute based on their boiling points, with those having lower boiling points eluting first. Since anisole has a lower boiling point than d-limonene, anisole is expected to elute first.
Explanation:
The question asks which compound, anisole or d-limonene, would elute first in gas chromatography (GC) based on their boiling points. In gas chromatography, compounds generally elute in order of increasing boiling points because compounds with lower boiling points have lower retention times on the GC column. Also, the elution order correlates with the strength of intermolecular forces (IMFs) affecting the compounds; compounds with stronger IMFs tend to have higher boiling points and adhere more to the stationary phase, thus eluting later. Although the specific boiling points of anisole and d-limonene are not provided in this answer, it is known that anisole has a boiling point of about 154°C, and d-limonene has a boiling point around 176°C. Therefore, one would expect anisole to elute first in gas chromatography due to its lower boiling point compared to d-limonene.
The data in the table below were obtained for the reaction: 2clo2 (aq) + 2 oh- (aq) --> clo3- (aq) + clo2- (aq) + h2o (l) experiment [clo2] (m) [oh-] (m) initial rate (m/s) 1 0.060 0.030 0.0248 2 0.020 0.030 0.00276 3 0.020 0.090 0.00828 what is the order of the reaction with respect to clo2?
Answers
[ClO₂] (m) [OH⁻] (m) initial rate (m/s)
0.060 0.030 0.0248
0.020 0.030 0.00276
0.020 0.090 0.00828
rate equation as follows
rate = k [ClO₂]ᵃ [OH⁻]ᵇ
where k - rate constant
we need to find order with respect to ClO₂ therefore lets take the 2 equations where OH⁻ is constant.
1) 0.00276 = k [0.020]ᵃ[0.030]ᵇ
2) 0.0248 = k [0.060]ᵃ[0.030]ᵇ
divide first equation from the second
0.0248/0.00276 = [0.060/0.020]ᵇ
8.99 = 3ᵇ
8.99 rounded off to 9
9 = 3ᵇ
b = 2
order with respect to ClO₂ is 2
The order of the reaction with respect to clo2 is 1.
Explanation:The order of the reaction with respect to clo2 can be determined by comparing the initial rates of different experiments and analyzing the effect of changing the concentration of clo2 on the reaction rate. By comparing the rates of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, we can see that when the concentration of clo2 is halved, the rate of the reaction is also halved. This indicates that the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of clo2. Therefore, the order of the reaction with respect to clo2 is 1.