what are the characteristics of a plasma
Answer:
After the well-known solids, liquids, and gases, plasmas are considered as the fourth state of matter. They are found rarely on Earth, however, they are found in enormous quantity all through the universe. As they comprise free-flowing charged particles, plasmas exhibit many specific features.
In the majority of the plasmas, the electrons and protons take place in equal numbers, forming it electrically neutral. As they flow liberally, they are influenced by magnetic and electric fields in the manner not witnessed in the other forms of matter. These fields can affect plasmas over higher distances, warping, pinching, and modeling them, like the twisting flares observed on the Sun's surface.
Find the theoretical yield of silicon monocarbide if 50.0 grams of silicon dioxide reacts with carbon. then, calculate the actual amount of silicon monocarbide produced in the lab if the percent yield was 87.2%. (work backwards to find actual yield.)
Final answer:
The theoretical yield of SiC from 50.0 grams of SiO2 is 33.36 grams, and the actual yield is 29.07 grams, based on an 87.2% percent yield.
Explanation:
The theoretical yield of silicon monocarbide (SiC) can be calculated from the stoichiometry of the reaction between silicon dioxide (SiO2) and carbon (C). Given that 50.0 grams of SiO2 are reacting, we first convert this mass to moles using the molar mass of SiO2 (60.08 g/mol). The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
SiO2(s) + 3C(s) → SiC(s) + 2CO(g)
Next, we determine the moles of SiC that can be produced from the moles of SiO2, and convert those moles to grams to find the theoretical yield of SiC. To calculate the actual yield, we use the percent yield (87.2%) and apply it to the theoretical yield.
The steps are:
Convert 50.0 grams of SiO2 to moles: n(SiO2) = 50.0 g / 60.08 g/mol.
Use the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine moles of SiC.
Convert moles of SiC to grams, which is the theoretical yield.
Multiply the theoretical yield by the percent yield (87.2%) to determine the actual yield of SiC.
The theoretical yield: n(SiO2) = 50.0 / 60.08 = 0.832 moles of SiO2, which theoretically yields 0.832 moles of SiC since the molar ratio between SiO2 and SiC is 1:1. Now, using the molar mass of SiC (40.10 g/mol), the theoretical yield in grams: 0.832 moles × 40.10 g/mol = 33.36 grams of SiC. The actual yield of SiC is then calculated as: 33.36 g × 87.2% = 29.07 grams.
All chemical reactions convert one substance into another. select one:
a. true.
b. false.
No atoms are destroyed or made into new ones. When reactants come into touch with one another, the bonds between their atoms are broken, and the atoms then reorganize and establish new bonds to create the products. This statement is false.
What is chemical reaction ?
In a chemical reaction, one or more substances also known as reactants are changed into one or more additional substances also known as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.
A chemical change, often known as a chemical reaction, is the process by which one or more substances are converted chemically into another.
A drug combining with another substance may be necessary in this situation. It could also entail a material disintegrating into other substances.
Thus, option B is correct.
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A group of engineers run a trial test on a space probe built for measuring the surface temperature of the sun. After the trial, the engineers realize that the probe melted and failed to collect the needed data. What should the engineers do next?
Explanation:
Probe melted because the material used in the making of the probe was not that much resistant to the high temperature of the sun. So, now they have to design a probe with material which should have very high resistance to a high temperature so that the probe does not get melt again.
Compound X has the molecular formula C3H6, and Compound Y has the molecular formula C6H12. How are the two compounds related? A.They are made of the same elements, but are different compounds B.They are identical compounds expressed in different ways. C. They are different compounds, but made from the same molecule.
During pyruvate processing, two carbons from pyruvate combine with ____. see section 9.3 (page 197) .
. When the following equation is balanced with the lowest whole number coefficients possible, what is the coefficient in front of Ca3(PO4)2? Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 yields H2O + Ca3(PO4)2 1 2 3 6
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
An equation can only be balanced when number of reactants equal the number of products.
The given equation is as follows.
[tex]Ca(OH)_{2} + H_{3}PO_{4} \rightarrow Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} + H_{2}O[/tex]
The number of reactant atoms are as follows.
Ca = 1O = 6H = 5P = 1The number of product atoms are as follows.
Ca = 3O = 9H = 2P = 2To balance the equation, multiply [tex]Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] by 3, and [tex]H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] by 2 on the reactant side. Multiply [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] by 6 on the product side. Therefore, the equation will be as follows.
[tex]3Ca(OH)_{2} + 2H_{3}PO_{4} \rightarrow Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} + 6H_{2}O[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that the coefficient in front of [tex]Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}[/tex] is 1.
Which statement about the orinoco river is true.
A. IT FLOWS THROUGH ECUADOR
B. IT IS SECOND LONGEST RIVER IN SOUTH AMERICA
C. IT FLOWS THROUGH VENEZUELA
D. IT EMPTIES INTO THE PACIFIC OCEAN
Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright?
One cup of kidney beans contains 15 g of protein, 1 g of fat, and 42 g of carbohydrate. how many kilocalories, to two significant figures, does this sample contain? (the caloric values are: 4 kcal/g for carbohydrate, 9 kcal/g for fat, and 4 kcal/g for protein.)
One cup of kidney beans with 15 g of protein, 1 g of fat, and 42 g of carbohydrate contains approximately 237 kilocalories, when calculated using the given caloric values for each macronutrient.
Explanation:To calculate the number of kilocalories in a cup of kidney beans that contains 15 g of protein, 1 g of fat, and 42 g of carbohydrate, we can use the given caloric values of 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates, 4 kcal/g for protein, and 9 kcal/g for fat.
The total kilocalories can be calculated as follows:
Carbohydrate kilocalories = 42 g × 4 kcal/g = 168 kcalProtein kilocalories = 15 g × 4 kcal/g = 60 kcalFat kilocalories = 1 g × 9 kcal/g = 9 kcalAdding these together gives:
168 kcal from carbohydrates + 60 kcal from protein + 9 kcal from fat = 237 kilocalories in total.
Therefore, one cup of kidney beans contains approximately 237 kilocalories, to two significant figures.
What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.065 molar aqueous NaCl at 298 Kelvin?
Answer:
3.179 atm
Explanation:
Osmotic pressure is expressed as:
π = iMRT , Where
π = osmotic pressure
i = van't Hoff factor
M = molar concentration
R = universal gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K )
T = absolute temperature in K
In this case, i = 2, M = 0.065, R = 0.08206 and T = 298. Substitute into the formula:
π = 2 x 0.065 x 0.08206 x 298
= 3.179 atm
The osmotic pressure is 3.179 atm.
Which of the following solutes will lower the freezing point of water the most?
the molecular compound sucrose (C12H22O11)
the ionic compound magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
the ionic compound lithium chloride (LiCl)
the ionic compound calcium fluoride (CaF2)
Answer: the ionic compound calcium fluoride [tex](CaF_2)[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\Delta T_f=i\times k_f\times m[/tex]
[tex]T_f[/tex] = change in freezing point
i = Van'T Hoff factor
[tex]k_f[/tex] = freezing point constant
m = molality
1. For [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] , i= 1 as it is a non electrolyte and does not dissociate.
2. For [tex]MgSO_{4}[/tex] , i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions.
[tex]MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}[/tex]
3. For [tex]LiCl[/tex], i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions.
[tex]LiCl\rightarrow Li^{+}+Cl^{-}[/tex]
4. For [tex]CaF_{2}[/tex], i= 3 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 3 ions.
[tex]CaF_2\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+2F^{-}[/tex]
Thus as vant hoff factor is highest factor for [tex]CaF_{2}[/tex] and the freezing point will be lowest.
How much water must be added to 36.0 g of srcl2 to produce a solution that is 35.0 wt% srcl2? how much water must be added to 36.0 of to produce a solution that is 35.0 wt% ? 48.6 g 66.9 g 103 g 97.2 g?
To produce a solution that is 35.0 wt% SrCl2 with 36.0 grams of SrCl2, one would need to add 66.9 grams of water. This is because the total weight of the solution is the weight of SrCl2 plus the weight of the water needed.
Explanation:In order to determine how much water must be added to 36.0 g of SrCl2 to produce a solution that is 35.0 wt% SrCl2, we must understand that the 35% by weight represents that 35 g of SrCl2 is in 100 g of the solution. Thus, to find the total weight of the water and the SrCl2, we should set up the equation 36g (weight of SrCl2) / X g (total weight of solution) = 35%, which would give that X = 102.9 g. The total solution weight is the weight of the SrCl2 plus the weight of the water needed, so to find the weight of the water we subtract the weight of SrCl2 (36 g) from the total weight of solution (102.9 g), which gives us 66.9 g as the amount of water to be added to the SrCl2.
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Which event would likely cause an agrarian society to begin developing irrigation techniques that conserve water?
A. A shortage of fossil fuel resources
B. The emergence of a new crop disease
C. A period of drought
D. An increase in air pollution
Answer: C. A period of drought
Explanation:
A drought is a natural hazard which occurs when a region receives below average precipitation, the region experiences a shortage of water due to the sources of water like lakes, ponds and river get dry. The region is affected by hot and dry climatic conditions, soil becomes compact and looses it's fertility.
C. A period of drought will cause the agrarian society to begin developing the irrigation techniques required to conserve water. As, the agriculture is necessary practice to meet the food requirement of large human population the drought conditions may pose difficulty in irrigating the agricultural field.
Answer:
A period of drought
Explanation:
got it right on a.p.e.x
As a solid, fe adopts a body-centered cubic unit cell. how many unit cells are present per cubic centimeter of fe?
Answer:
4.245 × 10²¹ cubic centimetre of Fe
Explanation:
First step is to find the number of atoms that is present in Fe(Iron)
The atomic mass of Fe(iron) is 55.845
We have to convert the atomic weight into grams
1 atomic mass = 1.66 x 10⁻²⁴grams
55.845(atomic mass of Fe) =
55.845 x 1.66 x 10 ⁻²⁴ grams = 9.27 x 10²² grams.
Therefore, the number of atoms in a cubic centimetre of Fe (Iron) =
Density of Fe(solid) ÷ number of grams of Fe
Density of Fe (solid) is known as = 7.874g/cm³
The number of atoms in a cubic centimetre of Fe (Iron =
7.874g/cm³ ÷9.27 x 10²²grams
= 8.494 × 10²¹atoms.
In the question we are told Fe adopted a body centered cubic unit cell
Hence , in Body centered cubic unit cell, we have:
We have one atom at the 8 corners of a cube
We also have one body atom the cube's center
8 corners × 1/8 per corner atom = 8 × 1/8 = 1 atom
(8 corners × 1/8 per corner atom) + (1× 1) = 2 atoms
Therefore, the total number of featoms present per unit cell = 2 atoms.
The number of unit cells are present per cubic centimeter of Fe =
Number of Fe atoms per cubic centimeter ÷ Number of Fe per unit cell
= 8.494 × 10²¹ atoms ÷ 2 atoms.
= 4.247 × 10²¹ cubic centimetre of Fe
Hence the number of unit cells that are present per cubic centimeter of Fe is
4.247 × 10²¹ cubic centimetre of Fe.
The amount of heat needed to raise 25 g of a substance by 15°C is 293 J. What is the specific heat of the substance? Use the equation C = q/mΔT.
a.) 0.13 J/g-°C
b.) 0.20 J/g-°C
c.) 0.78 J/g-°C
d.) 0.46 J/g-°C
Answer:
0.78 J/g-°C is the correct answer
Explanation:
What structural feature of a leaf enables it to obtain co2 from the air?
Write a balanced equation for the combustion reaction that occurs between propane and oxygen. and limiting reactant
Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane is C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l). To find the limiting reactant, convert the mass of the reactants to moles, then compare the mole amounts to the ratio in the balanced equation.
Explanation:
Combustion of Propane
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane is:
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
To determine the limiting reactant, compare the mole ratio of the reactants to the amounts you have. For propane and oxygen, the mole ratio is 1:5. In the given problem, 30.0 g of propane (C3H8) reacts with 75.0 g of oxygen (O2). First, convert the mass of each reactant to moles using their molar masses (propane: 44.10 g/mol, oxygen: 32.00 g/mol). Then compare the mole amounts given the ratio required by the balanced equation. The reactant that provides the smaller number of moles required by the ratio is the limiting reactant.
A piece of metal weighing 5.10 g at a temperature of 48.6 c was placed in a calorimeter in 20.00 ml of water at 22.1 degrees c the final equilibrium temperature was found to be 29.2 what is teh specific heat of the metal
At the final equilibrium temperature, the specific heat capacity of the metal is 5.999 J/g°C.
Given the following data:
Mass of metal = 5.10 gramsFinal temperature of metal = 48.6°CInitial temperature of water = 22.1°CFinal temperature of water = 29.2°CMass of water = 20.00 ml = 20 gramsSpecific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g°CTo find the specific heat capacity of the metal:
Mathematically, quantity of heat is given by the formula;
[tex]Q = mc\theta[/tex]
Where:
Q represents the quantity of heat.m represents the mass of an object.c represents the specific heat capacity.∅ represents the change in temperature.The quantity of heat lost by the water = The quantity of heat gained by the metal.
[tex]Q_{lost} = Q_{gained}\\\\mc\theta = mc\theta\\\\20(4.18)(29.2 - 22.1) = 5.10c(48.6 - 29.2)\\\\83.6(7.1) = 5.10c(19.4)\\\\593.56 = 98.94c\\\\c = \frac{593.56}{98.94}[/tex]
Specific heat capacity of metal, c = 5.999 J/g°C
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which diagram best illustrates the ion-molecule attractions that occur when the ions of NaCl(s) are added to water
The ion-molecular attraction between NaCl and water has been Na attracted with the oxygen of water, while Cl has been attracted with the hydrogen of water.
The ion has been the charged molecules that has been formed with the loss or gain of the electrons, while the molecules has been the molecules with the bonded anions and cations.
Ion-molecule attractions between NaCl and waterThe water has been the polar molecule, with the development of partial positive charge over hydrogen atoms, and partial negative charge over the oxygen atom.
The like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract each other.
The addition of NaCl to water results in the formation of positive Na ions, and negative Cl ions.
The interaction is demonstrated in the image attached.
Thus, the molecular attraction between NaCl and water has been Na has been attracted with the oxygen of water while Cl has been attracted with the hydrogen of water.
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A 425-ml sample of hydrogen is collected above water at 35°c and 763 torr. find the volume of the hydrogen sample when the temperature falls to 23°c, assuming the barometric pressure does not change. (vapor pressures of water : at 35°c, 42.2 torr ; at 23°c, 21.1 torr)
Volume of hydrogen sample at [tex]23^\circ\text{C}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{419.4\text{ mL}}[/tex].
Further Explanation:
Ideal gas equation:
A hypothetical gas comprising of many randomly moving particles having perfectly elastic collisions between them is called ideal gas. The expression for ideal gas equation is mentioned below.
[tex]\text{PV}=\text{nRT}[/tex] ...... (1)
Here,
P is the pressure of gas.
V is the volume of gas.
T is the absolute temperature of gas.
n is the number of moles of gas.
R is the universal gas constant.
At temperature [tex]\text{T}_{1}[/tex] , volume [tex]\text{V}_{1}[/tex] and pressure [tex]\text{P}_{1}[/tex] , ideal gas equation for hydrogen gas modifies as follows:
[tex]\text{P}_{1}\text{V}_{1}=\text{nRT}_{1}[/tex] ...... (2)
At temperature [tex]\text{T}_{2}[/tex] , volume [tex]\text{V}_{2}[/tex] and pressure [tex]\text{P}_{2}[/tex] , ideal gas equation for hydrogen gas modifies as follows:
[tex]\text{P}_{2}\text{V}_{2}=\text{nRT}_{2}[/tex] ...... (3)
Dividing equation (3) by equation (2),
[tex]\dfrac{\text{P}_{2}\text{V}_{2}}{\text{P}_{1}\text{V}_{1}}=\dfrac{\text{T}_{2}}{\text{T}_{1}}[/tex] ...... (4)
Rearrange equation (4) to calculate .
[tex]\text{V}_{2}=\dfrac{{\text{P}_{1}\text{V}_{1}\text{T}_{2}}}{\text{P}_{2}\text{T}_{1}}[/tex] …… (5)
The value of [tex]\text{P}_{1}[/tex] can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{P}_{1}=&763\text{ torr}+42.2\text{ torr}\\=&805.2\text{ torr}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The value of [tex]\text{P}_{2}[/tex] can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{P}_{2}=&763\text{ torr}+21.1\text{ torr}\\=&784.1\text{ torr}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The value of [tex]\text{T}_1[/tex] can be calculated as follows
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{T}_1=&\left(35+273.15\right)\text{ K}\\=&\ 308.15\text{ K}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The value of [tex]\text{T}_2[/tex] can be calculated as follows
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{T}_2=&\left(23+273.15\right)\text{ K}\\=&\ 296.15\text{ K}\end{aligned}[/tex]
Substitute 805.2 torr for [tex]\text{P}_{1}[/tex] , 425 mL for [tex]\text{V}_{1}[/tex] , 784.1 torr for [tex]\text{P}_{2}[/tex] , 308.15 K for [tex]\text{T}_{1}[/tex] and 296.15 K for [tex]\text{T}_{2}[/tex] in equation (5).
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{V}_{2}&=\dfrac{\left({805.2\text{ torr}\right)\left(425\text{ mL}\right)\left(296.15\text{ K}\right)}}{\left(784.1\text{ torr}\right)\left(308.15\text{ K}\right)}\\&=419.4\text{ mL}\end{aligned}[/tex]
Therefore volume of hydrogen sample at [tex]23^\circ\text{ C}[/tex] comes out to be 419.4 mL.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Ideal gas equation
Keywords: ideal gas equation, R, T, n, P, V, T1, T2, P1, P2, V1, V2, 419.4 mL, pressure, volume, universal gas constant.
2CH4 + 4O2 → CO2 + 4H2O Which statement is true regarding the chemical equation? A) The equation is balanced. B) The 4 in front of the oxygen on the product side needs to be a 6 in order to be balanced. C) The 2 in front of methane, CH4, needs to be changed to a 3 in order to be balanced. D) The carbon dioxide on the product side needs a 2 in front of it in order for it to be balanced.
Answer: The correct answer is Option D.
Explanation:
A balanced equation follows Law of conservation of mass. This law states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another. In a chemical reaction, mass is always conserved.
This also states that the total number of individual atoms on the reactants side must be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side.
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]2CH_4+4O_2\rightarrow CO_2+4H_2O[/tex]
On the reactant side:
Number of Carbon atoms = 2
Number of Hydrogen atoms = 8
Number of Oxygen atoms = 8
On the product side:
Number of Carbon atoms = 1
Number of Hydrogen atoms = 8
Number of Oxygen atoms = 4
In order to balance the number of atoms, 2 must be added infront of [tex]CO_2[/tex] molecule, in order to balance the equation.
Hence, the correct answer is Option D.
Calculate the energy to heat the cube of silver, with a volume of 20.0 cm3 , from 15 âc to 32 âc. (assume that density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3, specific heat for silver is 0.235 j/gâc.)
The energy required to heat the silver cube from 15°C to 32°C can be calculated via the formula for heat transfer. The mass of the silver cube is calculated to be 210g using the given volume and density.
Explanation:The energy required to heat a substance is calculated using the formula q = mcΔT, where 'q' is the heat energy, 'm' is the mass, 'c' is the specific heat capacity and 'ΔT' is the change in temperature.
The volume of the silver cube is given as 20.0 cm3. The density of silver is given as 10.5 g/cm3. Therefore, you can calculate the mass of the silver cube by multiplying the volume with the density, that is m = volume x density = 20.0 cm3 x 10.5 g/cm3 = 210 g.
The specific heat capacity for silver, c, is given to be 0.235 J/g°C. The change in temperature, ΔT, is final temperature - initial temperature = 32°C - 15°C = 17°C.
Substituting the calculated and given values into the formula, we get q = (210 g)(0.235 J/g°C)(17°C) = 826.95 joules. Therefore, the energy required to heat the cube of silver from 15°C to 32°C is about 828 Joules.
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How is density of a substance related to its mass and volume?
Through a process known as electrolysis, water can be split into hydrogen and oxygen. What type of reaction is this? Give an explanation for your choice.
The rate of a chemical reaction in a cell is the measure of how
You need to make an aqueous solution of 0.202 M calcium bromide for an experiment in lab, using a 125 mL volumetric flask. How much solid calcium bromide should you add?
You need to add 4.043 grams of anhydrous calcium bromide (CaBr2) to make a 0.202 M aqueous solution in a 125 mL volumetric flask.
To calculate the mass of CaBr2 needed, use the formula molarity imes volume (in liters) imes molar mass. The molarity is given as 0.202 M, and the volume needs to be converted to liters (0.125 L). The molar mass of CaBr2 is approximately 199.9 g/mol. Multiplying these values gives us the mass in grams:
0.202 mol/L imes 0.125 L imes 199.9 g/mol = 5.0475 g
However, since mass must be measured accurately in the laboratory, this final result must be weighed correctly using a balance and all the necessary safety precautions must be observed when handling calcium bromide.
number of grams in four moles of BaCO3
if all of the SCN- is complexed with Fe3+ to form FeNCS2+ what is the molar concentration of FeNCS2+
number of moles of SCN⁻ = 0 .001 X 3 / 1000 = 3 X 10⁻⁶ moles in the 25 ml of solution
2) SCN⁻ + Fe³⁺ ===> FeNCS²⁺
1 mole SCN⁻ produces 1 mole of FeNCS²⁺
Therefore moles of FeNCS²⁺ in 25 ml = 3 X 10⁻⁶
Molar Concentration of FeNCS²⁺ = (3 X10⁻⁶ )X 1000 / 25 = 1.2 X 10⁻⁴ Moles / liter
The molar concentration of Fe(SCN)²+ is 3.52 × 10⁻² M, assuming all SCN⁻ is complexed with Fe³+. Thus, the concentration of Fe(SCN)²+ is equal to 3.52 × 10⁻² M.
The molar concentration of Fe(SCN)²+, assume that all of the SCN⁻ is complexed with Fe³+ to form Fe(SCN)²+. The concentration of Fe(SCN)²+ after 10 s is 3.52 × 10⁻² M under conditions of excess Fe³+.
If all SCN⁻ is complexed with Fe³+, then the initial molar concentration of SCN⁻ is entirely converted to Fe(SCN)²+. Since the formation of Fe(SCN)²+ is stoichiometric, the molar concentration of SCN⁻ is equal to the molar concentration of Fe(SCN)²+ after the reaction.Therefore, the molar concentration of Fe(SCN)²+ is 3.52 × 10⁻² M. The reaction is stoichiometric, meaning the initial concentration of SCN⁻ is converted entirely to Fe(SCN)²+.
How many carbon atoms are there in 0.0418 g of carbon dioxide?