In a recent experiment, anti-bacterial hand sanitizer was compared to hand soap. Students washed their hands using the sanitizer or soap and warm water for two minutes; then they dried their hands with a paper towel. The standard of comparison was rubbing hands vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer, and then drying with a paper towel. The sanitizer advertisement claimed to kill bacteria more effectively than any soap. After washing, hands were swabbed and then the swab applied to a culture plate and incubated. Finally, the bacterial cultures were counted and recorded in the data table. Students concluded that the hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria.

How would you respond to the students' conclusion?
A) The conclusion is valid; the sanitizer plates had higher numbers.
B) The conclusion is not valid; there were fewer bacteria cultures on the soap plates.
C) The conclusion is not valid because the warm water was as effective as the sanitizer.
D) The conclusion is valid because the sanitizer had a better kill rate than the soaps.

Answers

Answer 1

The conclusion about the effectiveness of hand sanitizer should be based on the actual data from the culture plates. Overusing antimicrobial soap may lead to increased infection risk due to bacterial resistance. Hand washing is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases.

The students concluded that hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria compared to hand soap and warm water alone. However, to validate the effectiveness of hand sanitizer, we would need to examine the actual results from the culture plates. If the sanitizer plates had a higher number of bacteria than the water alone, then the conclusion that sanitizer is more effective is not valid. On the other hand, if the sanitizer plates had fewer bacteria than the ones from the soap, then option D would be correct. According to research, though, there's no substantial evidence that triclosan-containing soaps are more effective at reducing disease transmission compared to traditional soap. Therefore, the conclusion may not be valid if we consider the broader implications of such antibacterial products on health.

Moreover, the overuse of antimicrobial soap and sanitizers can potentially increase the risk of infection. This is because it can lead to bacteria developing resistance to antimicrobial agents, thereby making infections harder to treat. It's essential to also consider that frequent hand washing is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens, and while antibacterial agents have their place, they should be used judiciously.


Related Questions

The nature of an aura experienced during a seizure varies depending on the amount of fear experienced during the seizure. the location of the seizure focus. whether the seizure is above or below threshold. how long the person has experienced seizure activity. whether the motor system is involved.

Answers

An aura is a perception disturbance experience usually with people before having seizures and it varies by individual experiences. The nature of aura then during a seizure would greatly depend on the location of the seizure focus which is the answer.

You should pack foods high in ________ to provide the most energy or kilocalories per gram of food. A) carbohydrates B) lipids (fats) C) proteins D) sugars

Answers

The answer would be B: Lipids.

Surgery to correct hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is performed on a 3-week-old infant who has been fed formula. which postoperative feeding regimen is most appropriate

Answers

Postoperative feeding for an infant following hypertrophic pyloric stenosis surgery should start with small, frequent formula feedings, gradually increasing in volume. A responsive feeding approach is vital to cater to the infant's needs, and using an appropriate formula based on professional guidelines is necessary during recovery.

The most appropriate postoperative feeding regimen for an infant who has undergone surgery to correct hypertrophic pyloric stenosis requires a gradual reintroduction of feeds. Initially, the infant should receive small, frequent feedings of formula. This approach helps to ascertain tolerance to feeds and reduces the risks of postoperative complications like vomiting and dehydration. Over time, as the infant exhibits tolerance to formula, the volume can be progressively increased.

It is crucial to adopt a responsive feeding approach, which includes monitoring the infant's hunger cues and willingness to feed, as well as reacting appropriately to signs of fullness or discomfort. Also, it's important to use a formula that is suitable for the infant's nutritional needs, taking into account any potential allergies or intolerances, which might require a hypoallergenic or special formula. Consultation with a pediatric dietitian can provide individualized guidance.

While the American Academy of Pediatrics highly recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, when formula is needed, it is important to adhere to professional guidelines for feeding to ensure the infant's health and recovery post-surgery. The presence of complex medical situations, such as having had pyloric stenosis surgery, would warrant special attention to the feeding regimen to support proper healing and growth.

The hippocampus a) aids in balance and control of body movement. b) contributes to dramatic gains in motor coordination. c) plays a vital role in memory and in images of space that help us find our way. d) supports smooth coordination of movements on both sides of the body.

Answers

c) plays a vital role in memory and images of space that help us find our way
Final answer:

The hippocampus, a part of the human brain, is primarily involved in memory formation and spatial awareness, not the control of balance and body movements.

Explanation:

The hippocampus is an essential part of the human brain that plays a crucial role in memory processing and spatial awareness. It is not directly involved in controlling balance, movement coordination, or the bilateral symmetrical control of body movements. Instead, these functions are primarily managed by other parts of the brain such as the cerebellum. The hippocampus' primary role is in forming new memories and helping orient us in space. The ability to navigate through our environment and remember locations is largely due to the work of the hippocampus.

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Why are top-level predators like lions and eagles so rare in a community?

Answers

This is because the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is very inefficient. This is why the energy illustration of an ecosystem is more or less a pyramid structure. Only approximately 10% of biomass energy consumed  by one level become biomass in the upper trophic level. The rest is lost as heat energy. This means the higher up the trophic level the fewer the organisms will be.  

A nucleotide is about to be added to a growing strand of DNA. What factor determines which type of nucleotide will be added?

Answers

The factor determining the nucleotide added is the complementary base pairing. Adenine bonds with thymine.
Guanine bonds with cytosine.

Hope it helped!

Answer:

base pairing

Explanation:

By age 6, the average child has a vocabulary of around ___________ words

Answers

By age of 6, the average child has a vocabulary of around 14,000 words. Vocabulary development can be relatively variable among children of the same ages. Children typically speak their first word somewhere around 12 months. At 18 months, they may use around 50 words or lower and there is an increase in the number of words with age. 
Final answer:

The vocabulary of children grows rapidly from the age of 2. By age 5, children generally understand about 6,000 words, and by age 6, their vocabulary has expanded to approximately 10,000 words.

Explanation:

The child's vocabulary growth starts already at age 2, with usage of between 50 and 200 words, and by age 3, that number increases to approximately 1,000 words. This early vocabulary is largely composed of familiar objects or events, often nouns. As kids grow, rapid vocabulary expansion happens, which is often called the "vocabulary spurt." During this stage, their vocabulary increases by about 10-20 new words each week. According to research, however, not every child experiences this rate of growth. By age 5, they typically understand about 6,000 words and can speak 2,000 words fluently. With this in consideration, by age 6, a child should ideally have a vocabulary of around 10,000 words.

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Further destruction of the joint results in joint erosion, scarring, and fusion, a condition called _____.

Answers

Rheumatoid arthritis is the answer

Recurrent epidemics and widespread diarrhea, which kill millions of children each year, are often the result of __________.

Answers

Dysentery, usually due to a bacterial infection, like e.coli.  a virus, like  the noro-virus  or a single cell organism like giardia.  its poor sanitation as well as poor hygiene

draw the structure of ethanamine.

Answers

umm is this it??? if it isnt thennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn irdk

Part 1: dna replication 1st: original strand (a): complementary strand (b): 2nd: original strand (b): complementary strand (c): 3rd: original strand (c): complementary strand (a): questions: what are the base pairs for dna replication? where does dna replication take place?

Answers

The base pairs for DNA replication are Thymine and Adenine, so (A and T). Cytosine and Guanine so (C and G).

DNA replication takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells because prokaryotes don’t have nucleus’s.

Explain why a person making an emergency call should never be placed on hold

Answers

Its important not to put a person making an emergency call on hold because since it might be a patient who is a serious case and might lose consciousness. It is therefore always important to obtain the name, phone number, and location at the start of the call so that the patient can be found if they lose consciousness or is disconnected. Additionally its is important to make sure one stays connected with the patient until help arrives to ensure their safety.
Final answer:

Emergency calls require immediate attention because delays can lead to severe consequences, including loss of life. These calls are prioritized to ensure rapid response for the safety and health of individuals in dire situations.

Explanation:

A person making an emergency call should never be placed on hold because immediate assistance is often required. In emergency situations, every second counts, and delays can result in worsening of the situation or even loss of life. For example, in a medical emergency, rapid response can mean the difference between life and death, which is why emergency services have protocols to prioritize such calls. Similarly, in situations such as fires or crimes in progress, any delay could have disastrous consequences. Therefore, emergency calls are given the highest priority to ensure that the person in need receives help as quickly as possible.

The identification of a complex arrangement of sensory stimuli is known as

Answers

Identification of a complex arrangement of sensory stimuli is known as object recognition or pattern recognition. Sensation involves the activation of our sensory system by incoming environmental stimulation, perception on the other hand is the process by which we use our previously held knowledge to interpret sensory information. Before we have a full blown perception of something, object recognition occurs. 

The appearance of a straight and rigid "pipestem colon" is characteristic of _____.

Answers

The appearance of a straight and rigid "pipestem colon" is characteristic of chronic ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes the inflammation and ulcers in the colon. The chronic ulcerative colitis is the rare form of colitis that affects the entire colon and causes severe pain, profuse diarrhea, bleeding, fever and inability to eat.







The term _____ describes a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea.​
a. nystagmus​
b. ​strabismus
c. ​esotropia
d. ​astigmatism

Answers

D is right I know it is

What are the two parts of respiratory system and their parts?

Answers

The primary organs of the respiratory system are lungs, which function to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide as we breathe. The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

Heterotrophy refers to those organisms that cannot not get their energy from other organisms trur or false

Answers

A heterotroph is an organism that needs to consume food to obtain energy.

So it should be false

Your client's campaign is getting a lot of clicks, but the conversion rate is low. which approach could help improve your client's conversion rate?

Answers

The answer would be: Make sure the landing page is closely related to the ad

To have high conversion rate, the landing page should give an accurate advertising that closely related to it. Increasing the budget will increase the conversion number, but not the rate. Increasing the CPC bid or broaden the list of keyword won't increase the conversion rate either.

Which drug mainly acts by stimulating the satiety center in the hypothalamic and limbic areas of the brain?

Answers

The answer would be anorexiants or anorectics

anorexiants or anorectics is a drug that will stimulate the satiety centers. Stimulation of satiety center will cause suppression of the appetite of the users. The effect of the drug would be similar to anorexia, which is why the name is similar.

A transformer with primary turns 30, secondary 40 with shared core has mutual inductance of 12 henries. the self-inductance of the primary would be _____ and the secondary

Answers

TO FIND THIS YOU WILL JUST HAVE TO DO 40-30/12
ANSWER IS 37.5

When you wash an oily pan, dish soap aids in washing away the oil by surrounding the fat droplets and rinsing them away with the excess water. what similarities does this have to digestion in our bodies?

Answers

Our liver produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and delivered to the stomach where the bile physically breaks down the fat droplets into smaller fat droplets to increase surface area to volume ratio so that enzymes can chemically break it down into simpler substances such as fatty acids and glycerol. The dish soap acts as the bile that physically breaks down the fat droplets into smaller fat droplets.

The controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or rearranged into smaller, more useful molecules is called ____.

Answers

The controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or re-arranged into smaller, more useful molecules is called Cracking. The process allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Cracking may be done using heat energy (thermal cracking) or using a catalyst (catalytic cracking). Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are vaporized and passed over a hot catalyst, thus breaking chemical bonds in the molecules and forms smaller hydrocarbon molecules. 

 There are two types of pea plants: those that produce round seeds and those that produce wrinkled seeds. A single gene controls which type of seed a pea plant will produce.

An experiment shows that pea plants containing an allele for round seeds will always produce round seeds.

Based on this information, we can conclude that the allele for round seeds in pea plants is _______.

Answers

We can conclude it is dominant since it says that it will "always" produce the round seeds. Dominance always has a great impact of one of the genes. In this example that greater gene is the round seeds in the pea plants. 

Let me know if you need to know anything else. :)
                    
                     - Dotz

T for theory L for law

Please really need help!

Answers

Not 100% sure, but I'm pretty sure
5. L
6. T
7. L
8. L
9. T

(I have a 98% in physics/ chemistry right now so I think I am somewhat reliable lol)

The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of which action on nearby rock?

Answers

likely a result of erosion

The sediments in a riverbed likely result from the weathering and erosion of nearby rock, carried by natural forces like water flow and deposited through a process called deposition.

The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of various actions on nearby rock, including weathering and erosion. These processes lead to the breakdown and transport of rock material. Weathering involves the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments. Erosion encompasses the removal of these fragments from their original location through natural forces such as water flow in rivers. Eventually, these sediments are carried and deposited in different areas, including riverbeds, through a process known as deposition. Over time, the accumulation of these sediments can lead to the formation of sedimentary rock, given sufficient pressure from additional layers of sediments. Important factors in this process include hydraulic action, which lifts sediment from the sides and bed of the river channel, and abrasion, where materials suspended in the water help to scour the bed and sides of the channel.

This is the uneven distribution of bonding electrons in a molecule creating partially positive and negative sides of that molecule.

Answers

This is the dipole effect. Water is a good example of a polar molecule, as the side with hydrogens becomes more positive than the opposite side of the atom.
The answer to this is polarity :)

nitrogen molecules in 1.4 moles of n2

Answers

From the Avogadro's constant 1 mole is equal to 6.028 molecules.
Therefore, we can convert moles to molecules;
1 mole = 6.028 × 10^23 molecules
Hence; 1.4 moles of Nitrogen gas will have;
1.4 × 6.028 ×10^23 molecules 
= 8.44 × 10^23 molecules

Answer:

[tex]8.432 * 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

Explanation:

As per Avogadro's constant for atoms, one mole of an element/compound consists of [tex]6.023 * 10^{23}\\[/tex] atoms/molecules.

Thus, the number of molecules in “n” moles of an element and compound  is equal to the product of number of moles of the element and compound and  Avogadro's constant.

Thus, 1.4 moles of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] will have  

[tex]1.4 * 6.023 * 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

[tex]= 8.432 * 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

Through which parts of the heart does oxygen poor blood flow

Answers

the deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava and into the right atrium. the blood then travels through the right atrioventricular (AV) or tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. from there it goes through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery to be carried to the lungs to become oxygenated.

therefore the deoxygenated blood will travel through:

• the superior and inferior vena cava
• the right atrium
• the atrioventricular/tricuspid valve
• the pulmonary semilunar valve
• the pulmonary artery
Final answer:

Oxygen-poor blood flows through the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary arteries, and is directed towards the lungs for gas exchange. After receiving oxygen, it returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.

Explanation:

Oxygen-poor blood flows through certain parts of the heart as part of the cardiovascular system's process of cycling blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange. Initially, the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through two major veins: the superior vena cava, which returns blood from above the diaphragm, and the inferior vena cava, which returns blood from below the diaphragm. Then, the blood moves to the right ventricle, which pumps it toward the lungs via the pulmonary arteries, the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood.

With the help of pulmonary circulation, the oxygen-poor blood is directed to the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. After the exchange, the now oxygen-rich blood is carried back to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins, the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich blood. Systemic circulation then takes over, as the left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen to tissues.

A blockage in a coronary artery can prevent oxygen from reaching the heart muscle, highlighting the critical nature of unimpeded blood flow. It's important to understand the distinction between pulmonary and systemic circulation and how they contribute to the overall function of the cardiovascular system.

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Forces that bind a state together are ________ forces.
a. centripetal
b. unitary
c. centrifugal
d. federal

Answers

Nationalism means the belief of groups of people who are bound by cultural, territorial and ethnic. The answer is A. Centripetal forces. These are forces in a state promoting stability, unity and giving the strength thus binding a state together such as having strong national culture.

The answer is letter a. Centripetal. The good example of a centripetal force in political geography is a strong and populous capital. Also resulting tend to be centripetal forces within a country like education system, military, common language and transportation system.

If a gamete contains 5 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a typical body cell contain? does the number of chromosomes change or remain the same just before mitosis (which is after chromosome duplication)?

Answers

body cell contains 10 chromosomes, and remains the same

For humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes. There are 22 pairs of autosomal, or non-sex, chromosomes among them, and two of them determine sex.

What are the chromosomes will a typical body cell contain?

Chromosomes, which are shaped like threads and house the DNA molecule in each cell, are found in the nucleus.

The DNA that makes up each chromosome is tightly coiled around histone proteins several times to support its shape.

Two times as many chromosomes as those in a haploid cell, or 2n, make up the total number of chromosomes in diploid cells (n).

The DNA that makes up each chromosome has been repeatedly tightly coiled around proteins called histones to support its structure.

Therefore, a body cell contains 10 chromosomes, and remains the same.

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