In the studies, the time interval between touch and vinegar was the conditioned stimulus. The correct option is e).
What is a conditioned stimulus?A stimulation that eventually causes a conditioned reaction is known as a conditioned stimulus. The ringing of the bell served as the conditioned stimulus in the experiment reported, while salivation served as the conditioned response.
Remember that the neutral stimulus changes into the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus (CS), in the language of the classical conditioning paradigm, is a learned stimulus that may eventually cause a conditioned response.
For instance, in Pavlov's experiment, the conditioned stimulus is the sound of a bell, and the conditioned response is the dogs salivating.
Therefore, the correct option is e) time interval between touch and vinegar.
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Which of the following is a factor in the team's context that influences cohesiveness?
a. Personal attraction to the team
b. Team interaction
c. The concept of shared goals
d. The presence of competition
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The concept of shared goals will lead each member of a team to form a united front, thereby improving cohesiveness and team spirit within a team.
While taking a particularly hard exam for her psychology course, Becky was struggling until she realized she could see what the person next to her had written. The person next to her was one of the top students in the class. Becky quickly copied the answers. Instead of feeling guilty about it afterwards, she told her friends that she saw someone else attempting to copy her answers. This best illustrates which defense mechanism?
a. rationalization
b. projection
c. denial
d. reaction formation
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Which of the following was a result of the labor movement during the Progressive Age?
A.
Antitrust laws were enacted to protect workers.
B.
The rights of women in the workforce were recognized.
C.
Antidiscrimination laws were passed to protect minority workers.
D.
New regulations improved the safety and health of factory workers.
Answer:
C.
Anti-discrimination laws were passed to protect minority workers.
Explanation:
The labor movement during the progressive age resulted in anti-discrimination laws were passed to protect minority workers.
Initially minorities were not given equal wages and women were discriminated in terms of wages and were hired on low category jobs.
After the labor movement, the minorities and women were treated according to heir skill sets.
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As humans develop from nursing babies, potty-training toddlers, and eventually into adults, Freud claims they pass through several psychosexual stages. Which is the correct order of stages proposed by Freud?
Answer:
Explanation:
The correct order of stages are: Phallic, Latent and Genital. The stages are due to the fact that each stage represents pleasure or frustration instincts on a different area of the body.
Ardipithecus ramidus is located at the base of all four phylogenies in the animation. What does this position tell us about the relationships between Ardipithecus ramidus and the other species in the phylogenies?
Answer:
Anthropologist generally agree that australopithecines and early Homo are all descendants of Ardipithecus ramidus.
Hope this helps
Final answer:
Ardipithecus ramidus, positioned at the base of phylogenies, indicates its status as an early hominin possibly ancestral to later species, signifying its importance in the evolution of hominins.
Explanation:
When Ardipithecus ramidus is located at the base of all four phylogenies in the animation, it indicates that Ar. ramidus is considered to be one of the earliest known hominins, and it is possibly ancestral to later species. This basal positioning in the phylogeny suggests that Ar. ramidus shares a common ancestor with other species above it on the phylogenetic trees. In evolutionary terms, this suggests that Ar. ramidus exhibits primitive traits from which more derived characteristics evolved in subsequent species. As Ar. ramidus is thought to be descended from Ardipithecus kadabba, and since it possesses a mixture of ancestral and derived traits, its position reveals its significance in understanding the evolution of bipedalism and other hominin features.
Many psychologists have noticed that certain mental disorders are more common among people living in lower socioeconomic groups. The approach to psychopathology that best accounts for this observation is the:
a. diathesis-stress model.b. criteria in DSM-5.c. dimensional approach.d. biopsychosocial approach.
Answer:
Bio-psycho-social approach
Explanation:
The bio-psycho-social approach was proposed by Dr. George and Dr. Romano. The bio-psycho-social approach focused on three factors such as biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors. These are complex combinations of complex factors that help the researcher to understand the causes of mental illness as well as their mental health.
These three factors stay at a continuum of the natural system Humanistic qualities are valued The biomedical approach only takes the approach of a reductionist view that tells about the benefits of a natural system.Thus in the above statement, many psychologists noticed a certain type of mental disorder in people and bring a bio-psycho-social approach to heal all aspects of the personality.
A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if they take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of
This situation is an example of informal adoption or kinship care.
Explanation:This situation is an example of informal adoption or kinship care. Informal adoption is a practice that has been prevalent across cultures and involves relatives or other trusted individuals taking on the care and custody of a child. In this case, the girl's aunt and uncle, who cannot have their own child, are legally assuming custody of the baby.
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You are conducting a study on how fluency influences the phonemic restoration effect. You study two groups of non-native English speakers, one with a year of English classes and the other with 10 years. All of your stimuli are in English. Who would you expect to show the greatest phonemic restoration effect?
A. Neither group would show an effect because they are non-native English speakers
B. The group with 10 years of English instruction
C. The two groups would show equal phonemic restoration effects
D. The group with one year of English instruction
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The group with 10 years of English instruction.
Because this group has been listening, speaking, reading for 10 years, so through repetition this group is better adapted to the foreign English phonemas.
Arbitration is the process in which a neutral third party
Answer:
Listens to both parties and comes to a decision both of them will agree on.
Explanation:
It is a binding process, which means the parties won't have to proceed to court. The arbitrator is generally a retired judge but it is typical for both parties to choose an arbitrator and then both of those arbitrators choose a third arbitrator.
Every decision is made through a majority vote.
What was the original purpose of the constitutional convention?
Answer:
Revise the Articles of Confederation, is the right answer.
Explanation:
The Constitutional Convention, held in the old Pennsylvania State House, in Philadelphia, was a Convention that took place in the period between 25th May to 17th September 1787. The main purpose of conducting this convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation. The national government established under the Articles of Confederation was very weak and was inadequate to the social, strategic, and economic obstacles faced by the new nation. A common agreement concluded that the Articles of Confederation were too weak to meet the need of the nation.
Answer: D) to revise the Articles of Confederation
Explanation:
Dakota believes that Credit Services Corporation (CSC) has discriminated against her on the basis of gender. She files a suit against CSC under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. To establish a prima facie case of employment discrimination, Dakota must show that:
Answer:
she belongs to a protected class
Explanation:
Dakota will need to provide evidence or proof sufficient enough to suggest that she met the job requirements and that she has been discriminated solely on the basis of gender. For this, she would need to provide evidence that she is a member of a protected class. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 states gender among the four employment protection classes. Therefore, the act supports her in the prima facie case of employment discrimination if she proves that she belongs to a protected class.
Roger Lancaster points out that in Nicaragua the system of color terms Group of answer choices presupposes white superiority and black inferiority is not repressive takes account of the lower levels of racism in Nicaragua is being replaced by a classification system that ignores color differences
Answer:
The correct response is: presupposes white superiority and black inferiority.
Explanation:
Roger Lancaster argues that race relations are very different in Nicaragua, it is not like in the United States or in other Latin American countries where there are distinct differences held between who is white, black, and indigenous. In Nicaragua, the population is over 90% mestizo or of mixed ancestry according to Lancaster. He says that some scholars of Nicaragua have argued there is no racism in Nicaragua. Lancaster, however, differs from this opinion and says there is a different sense of racism. There is a lot of prejudice against the black and Miskito communities on Nicaragua's Atlantic coast. They are considered backward to the mestizos who live in the large cities of the interior and Pacific coast.
College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve..
A) low self-esteem.
B) unconscious fear.
C) a negative explanatory style.
D) role playing.
Answer:
The correct answer is D. Role playing.
Explanation:
Role playing refers to assuming a certain role and creating a scenario from it, different from reality.
Dissociative Personality Disorder (DID) involves an individual having at least 2 different personality states and a mind gap in between the changes between these.
In this case, the college students were role playing murderers and they showed a second personality during the experience. Relating to this particular example, it can be deduced that the dissociative identity disorder may involve a certain role play, since the students displayed a certain second personality during hypnosis.
Mr. Roper manages an apartment complex is San Diego. He has 5 empty units that he needs to rent out. However, when Hispanic people inquire about renting in the complex, Mr. Roper tells them there are no vacancies. This unfair treatment is an example of:__________.
Answer: Discrimination
Explanation:
Discrimination is the process of unfair treatment in which the people are discriminated according to the person activities, age, gender, race and their national origin.
The discrimination is the unequal and negative treatment to the people as Mr roper also discriminate to the person when the Hispanic person inquired about the renting.
Then, Mr roper deny and tells to the person that there is no vacancy in the apartment when there is 5 empty units in the apartment. Therefore, the above given situation is an example of discrimination.
Final answer:
Mr. Roper's refusal to rent to Hispanic inquirers, despite the availability of units, exemplifies housing discrimination. Market forces might incentivize non-discriminatory practices for businesses by expanding the customer base, improving reputation, and avoiding legal issues. Housing discrimination is tied to employment discrimination as it restricts access to opportunities.
Explanation:
The unfair treatment described where Mr. Roper tells Hispanic people inquiring about renting that there are no vacancies despite the availability of units is an example of housing discrimination. This behavior is illegal under Fair Housing laws, as it shows a preference against or exclusion of tenants based on their ethnicity. Market forces that could incentivize a business to act non-discriminatorily include a broader customer base for a greater potential revenue, a better reputation attracting more and diverse talent, and avoiding legal consequences that come with discrimination.
In the given scenario, housing discrimination is directly connected to employment discrimination because discriminatory practices in one area, like housing, can limit access to certain job markets, communities with good schools, and other opportunities. A study by the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) found that Hispanic people are shown fewer available rental units than white renters, and undergo stiffer credit checks, which are forms of discrimination that can lead to broader socio-economic inequalities.
Rena’s boss just informed her that the next election would be won by the incumbent. She proceeded to ask him where he got his information and did he know if the data was based on a random sampling of potential voters. Rena is exhibiting ______. Group of answer choices
Answer:Problem solving
Explanation:
Problem solving is the process of identifying and defining the problem after having defined the problem one moves to the next step which is to examine the cause of that problem
When the cause is known the next step of problem solving is to look of for options that can be used to resolve the problem. If the solution has been found it then goes and be put into practice.
People with problem solving skills like Rena they don't just accept infomation but they work it step by step in order to understand it or resolve it.
Final answer:
Rena is demonstrating critical thinking and information literacy by questioning both the source of the election prediction made by her boss and the methodological integrity of the data, namely if it's based on a random sampling of voters.
Explanation:
Rena’s boss just informed her that the next election would be won by the incumbent. Rena exhibits critical thinking and information literacy by questioning the source of this information and whether the prediction is based on a random sampling of potential voters.
This approach suggests that Rena is aware of various aspects of polling, such as potential biases, the need for a representative sample, and the concept of randomness, which is crucial to the accuracy of poll predictions.
It is not uncommon for polls to be affected by factors like social desirability bias or rational ignorance, which can misrepresent the actual opinions of voters.
For example, the Bradley effect, or the underestimated support for certain candidates in recent political contexts highlights the complexities of polling. Accurate polling requires careful selection of respondents and sometimes excludes those without sufficient knowledge of the topic. This ensures that the data reflects genuinely informed opinions.
Overall, Rena's scrutiny of the prediction reflects a conscientious approach regarding the complexities and potential pitfalls of election polling.
Kimberly is keenly observant of things around her and uses her information to craft imaginative stories. Her writings showcase her creativity with language. According to the "big five" model of personality factors, Kimberly displays _____.
Answer:
Openness to experience
Explanation:
The theory of big five personality traits is also referred to as the 'ocean model' or the 'five-factor model' and it is developed by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae.
Openness to experience: The openness to experience is one of the personality domain that is described as having five different facets involving intellectual curiosity, preference for variety, aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to inner feelings, and active imagination.
According to this domain, an individual's range of open-mindedness is being analyzed. An individual being high on openness to experience is involved in activities that evoke trying or exploring new things, often curious and imaginative.
According to the natural-rate hypothesis, output will be at the natural rate: a) if aggregate demand affects output in the long run. b) if inflation meets expectations in the short run. c) if inflation falls below expected inflation. d) if inflation exceeds expected inflation.
Answer: A
Explanation:
if aggregate demand affects output in the long run
Rebecca's friend suggests that she try a treatment in which she sits by a high- intensity light source for a short period of time each day. Rebecca's friend is suggesting that she try_________. a. phototherapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy. c. behavioral therapy d. a mood stabilizer.
Rebecca's friend suggested the treatment of Phototheraphy which she tried by sitting under high intensity light source.
Explanation:
Phototherapy is a healing technique that exposes a patient to a special type of light often the ultraviolet light. It is used to treat patients from as young as newborn babies to adults treating skin diseases, jaundice and etc. Typical skin diseases include vitiligo, eczema and etc.
Exposure to the ultraviolet light occurs for 30 minutes every 3-4 hours or it will depend on the treatment required. There are many side effects, especially to prolonged phototherapy skin treatments. These include age spots or freckles, premature ageing causing wrinkling and dryness.
When social scientist William Levin showed photographs of the same man (disguised to appear as ages 25, 52, and 73 in various photos) to a group of college students and asked them to evaluate these (apparently different) men for employment, many of the students viewed the:
Answer:
"73-year-old" as less competent, less intelligent, and less reliable.
Explanation:
What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?
Answer:
Bystander effect
Explanation:
Bystander effect: The bystander effect is also referred to as bystander apathy.
In social psychology, the term bystander effect is defined as any situation in which a person does not help the victim in an emergency if anyone else is present there at the given moment.
In the bystander effect, the number of people is directly proportional to the act of helping a victim in a given situation.
In the question above, the given statement describes the bystander effect.
Ms. Peterson believes that teachers should promote individual learning and should teach the whole child. She also believes that knowledge leads to self-discovery and that instruction should include alternatives and choices, and should require decision making on the part of the student, NOT the teacher. Ms. Peterson is most likely a(n)
Answer: Existentialist
Explanation: Existentialism is the philosophical direction according to which one must work to built complete personalities, individual personalities, that is, individualism is the point, which means that everyone is responsible for themselves in the pursuit of personal happiness and their own personal development, doing so by their own and no one else's will or decision. Such a philosophy, like Ms Peterson's, encourages the freedom of choice for students, that is, for individual personalities, encourages their will to make decisions, not the teacher, because tomorrow, instead of the teacher, someone else will make decisions about them, if, individual personalities, today they don't learn to do it themselves. So, existentialism is a philosophy that encourages individual freedom and thus prepares students to exist as they choose because they are entitled to it.
According to research by psychologist William Perry, students entering Harvard University tended to have a view of the world that meant that they reasoned that something was right or wrong; people were good or bad; and others were either for them or against them. He called this __________.
a) post formal thought
b) dualistic thinking
c) dialectical thinking
d) formal operational thought
Answer:
The answer is Option B. This is an example of dualistic thinking.
Explanation:
Dualistic thinking is limiting because it means that you tend to think in extremes of right and wrong or good and bad when in reality the world is more complex and dualisms are limiting in terms of how to understand the world. William Perry developed studies that looked at the cognitive and ethical development of undergraduate students. He believed that college students go through four stages in their intellectual development: dualism, multiplicity, relativism, and commitment. By the end of their college careers college students tend to accept there is more uncertainty in life.
Teresita is given the following reasoning problem: Gold is heavier than dirt, and feathers are heavier than gold. Are feathers heavier than dirt? Teresita can answer correctly only if she grasps the ____ of propositional reasoning.
A. Logical necessity
B. Context
C. Real-world nature
D. Major premise
Answer:
A) Logical necessity
Explanation:
In the context of the question, a weight relation among three elements has been established: Gold is heavier than dirt, and feather and heavier that gold. Therefore:
Heaviest ------------------------------- Lightest
Feathers -----------Gold-----------------Dirt
Teresita, from reading the question, can easily reach this conclusion. Feather are heavier that dirt because they are hevaier than gold, and gold is heavier than dirt. This is a logical necessity because is a reasoning that is necessarily true.
Connie exhibits multiple personalities. Evidence that information learned by her secondary personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms.A)role playing.B)sexual trauma.C)dissociation.D)motivational conflict
Answer:
Dissociation personality
Explanation:
Dissociation personality also called multiple personality disorder. It is a complex condition that exhibits several symptoms. It includes severe symptoms of trauma in childhood such as emotional, physical, psychological and sexual. This disorder or personality includes a de-realization personality and depersonalizes personality.
De-personalization: This is the disorder related to a person's detachment from the self and the environment. It is a persistent reoccurring process.
D-realization has processed in which a person detached from the environment and the surrounds and world.
The Nelson family has a history of neglect. Mr. Nelson recently lost his job. In a moment of rage, he hit his eight-year-old daughter, leaving a noticeable bruise on her face. Jody’s school called in Child Protection. The social worker from CPS is concerned for the well-being of the Nelson children, but she believes that the parents really do care about their children. The Nelsons would be good candidates for:
Answer:
According to the escenario given and the statement by the CPS social worker we can note that Mr. Nelson was not seeing as an aggressive person or threatening for Jody's life but they have a marked neglect record and a recent moment of rage with physical consequences. The Nelsons are the perfect candidate for Family Preservation Services.
Explanation:
Family Preservation Services will help the Nelsons to deal accordingly with their historial and current facts with a different approach and at the same time will make sure that Jody is completely safe.
Final answer:
The Nelson family may benefit from intervention programs that provide counseling, home visitations, and parental education to prevent further child abuse and neglect.
Explanation:
Considering the Nelson family's history of neglect and the recent incident involving Mr. Nelson hitting his daughter, the family may be prime candidates for intervention programs that aim to prevent domestic violence and child neglect. Such programs often include home visitations by professionals like nurses and social workers, as well as access to counseling and parental education.
The goal of these programs is not only to address the immediate safety of the children but also to provide long-term support to families to ensure that this violence does not recur and to enhance the family's overall well-being. In cases where caregivers are indeed concerned about their children but are facing challenges such as unemployment or other stresses that lead to neglectful behavior, early intervention is key in preventing further child abuse and in establishing a stable, nurturing home environment.
People with an _____ locus of control believes that outcomes are determined by outside forces such as fate or luck. By contrast, people with an _____ locus of control believe that outcomes are determined by their own actions or efforts.
Answer:
External, Internal
Explanation:
Locus of control is the major aspect of attribution style theory. These loci determine the attitude of a person. There are two type locus of control
External locus of control: External locus of control determines the external cause for behavior affected such as fate, luck, etc for instance if a student stops trying or put efforts just because he believes in fate or luck, etc.
Internal locus of control:
Internal locus of control determines the internal factor for contribution in the affected behavior such as self-esteem, self courage. For example, a student gets first prize in the class because he does work hard.
The first variable in expectancy theory involves how much effort a person must exert to ________.A) receive a given rewardB) attain a certain level of performanceC) finish the job in the shortest period of timeD) finish the job with the lowest possible standards
Answer:
Your corect answer is D. fishish the job with the lowest possible standards :)
Explanation:
PLEASE MARK BRAINLIEST!!!
Answer:
B) attain a certain level of performance.
Explanation:
In theory, the first calculation that a person must make is the called effort-performance variable.
Luther operates a small nightclub that specializes in soul music and features up-and-coming African-American singing groups. He actively discourages White couples from coming in and always gives them the worst seats if they insist on being admitted
Luther's behavior is best described as ________.
a. discrimination
b. prejudice
c. ambiguous
d. oppression
Answer:
The answer is a. discrimination.
Explanation:
Discrimination is an irrational behaviour towards social groups who are seen as different. This can be based on age, gender, race, religion, among many other attributes.
Unlike prejudice (which is only a perception, not an action), discrimination involves a treatment which is considered to be worse than normal.
Jean-Paul works for National Public Radio. He has been assigned to run the fund drive necessary to keep NPR on the air in various communities. Suppose that keeping NPR on the air in a given community is contingent upon the percentage of people in the community who donate money. It is likely that _________.
Jean-Paul is likely to get more donations from a community of people with a collectivist orientation rather than with an individualist orientation.
Explanation:
A society, community, or a group with collectivist orientation focuses more on the common collective goal rather than individual pursuits. The whole society is looked upon a larger and wider angle than the individual’s benefit. People of this nature think what is best for their group and act accordingly.
So, collecting donation for a common cause like for the betterment of a community will fetch more donations from a collectivist oriented community.
Collectivism is more closely associated with communalism and tends to share anything common to the people and not entrust with individual persons. A collectivist community works in harmony with each other and values the unity of the community.
In a fund drive for NPR, collectivist communities are likely to donate more than individualist ones due to their focus on group needs and shared responsibilities, despite NPR's ongoing challenge with the free rider problem where listeners enjoy benefits without contributing.
When considering Jean-Paul's assignment to run a fund drive for National Public Radio (NPR), it's plausible to suggest that collectivist communities might yield higher donation rates compared to individualist communities. This is due to the observed tendency of collectivist societies to emphasize the needs and goals of the group over the desires of individuals, ultimately fostering a greater sense of shared responsibility and willingness to contribute to communal resources. NPR has historically relied on listener contributions, government funding, and significant donations, such as the bequest from Joan Kroc, to stay afloat. However, they still face the free rider problem, where individuals benefit from a public good without contributing to it. This is reflected in the statistics showing that only a small percentage of listeners contribute to pledge drives. The psychology behind this behavior includes a lack of perceived impact by individual actions and the preference for personal interests over collective action.
Using existing statistics, Professor Ford finds that towns with low median incomes tend to have higher crime rates than towns with higher median incomes. Ford suggests that poor people are more likely to commit crimes than people with high incomes. Ford is:
a) proving his research hypothesis on relationship between crime and poverty
b) using historical analysis
c) committing ecological fallacy
d) doing content analysis
e) predicting crime trends
Answer:
A
Explanation:
proving his research hypothesis on relationship between crime and poverty