In evolution, ________ describes the appearance of new species from ancestors. species which share ancestors are said to have a "common ________."

The Calvin cycle is a crucial part of photosynthesis that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates using ATP and NADPH, thereby storing energy from sunlight in a form that the plant can use for growth.

The primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis is to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates. This process, also known as carbon fixation, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. During the Calvin cycle, an enzyme called RuBisCO facilitates the reaction between carbon dioxide and a compound called ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). This reaction in combination with the energy and reducing power of ATP and NADPH results in the creation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P) molecules, thereby storing the energy from photosynthesis for the plant's use.

The Calvin cycle can be divided into three stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. With ATP and NADPH produced through light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is transformed into carbohydrates in a process that involves regeneration of RuBP. In summary, the Calvin cycle provides a method for plants to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy, which is stored in carbohydrate molecules and used for plant growth.

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The answer is budding. IN this type of asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. Examples of an organism that reproduces by budding include hydra, starfish, corals, and sponges. Yeast, fungi, also reproduce asexually by budding.

Answer:

budding!

Explanation:

i got this correct on my quiz :)

The EPA is an independent agency formed for environmental protection. Hence the statement The Clean Air Act would be a reason for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate car emissions is true.

Car emissions are very harmful for all the living organisms in an environment.

Final answer:

X-linked traits are determined by genes on the X chromosome and are not present on the Y chromosome, leading to different inheritance patterns in males and females.

Explanation:

The term that best describes traits that are found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome is X-linked traits. These traits are controlled by genes that are located only on the X chromosome. In human females, who have two X chromosomes (XX), these traits have a higher likelihood of being expressed. In contrast, human males, who have only one X chromosome paired with a Y chromosome (XY), can express these traits if the gene is present on their single X chromosome, leading to distinctive patterns of inheritance for X-linked traits.

X-linked traits can have significant implications for the expression of certain conditions, such as color blindness and hemophilia, which are more commonly observed in males due to the presence of only one X chromosome. The absence of a corresponding gene on the Y chromosome means that if a male inherits an X-linked recessive trait, he will express that trait since there's no dominant allele on the Y chromosome to mask the effect of the recessive allele on the X chromosome.

Advances in transportation and communication, alongside reduced trade barriers, have been key factors contributing to rapid globalization.

Advances in transportation and communication have significantly reduced the costs of moving goods globally, particularly with the development of shipping containerization in 1956. This innovation lowered transportation costs by up to 90% and facilitated the movement of goods worldwide. Secondly, the reduction of trade barriers between countries has played a crucial role in the rapid globalization process, making it easier for goods and services to flow across borders.

Answer:

A colostomy is made by connecting the colon to the outside of the abdomen, bypassing the lower gastrointestinal tract.

A colectomy is a surgery that removes or excises a portion of the colon.

Explanation:

The primary evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that it results in increased genetic diversity, providing advantages in changing environmental conditions.

The most likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is the fact that sexual reproduction results in genetic diversity or variation among offspring. This variation allows populations to adapt to changing environments more quickly because it increases the probability that some individuals will have characteristics suited to the new conditions, thereby allowing the species to survive and reproduce. This contrasts with asexual reproduction, which results in offspring that are exact clones of the parent, thus less able to survive changes in the environment.

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Biomagnification leads to a 400-fold increase in the concentration of DDT in birds like cormorants and mergansers compared to the background concentration in the water.

The question addresses the phenomenon of biomagnification, which refers to the increasing concentration of a substance, such as DDT, in the tissues of organisms at successive levels in a food chain. This process occurs because DDT is not metabolized or excreted efficiently by organisms, and therefore accumulates in their bodies, particularly in fat tissue. As smaller organisms that contain DDT are eaten by larger ones, the concentration increases.

Hence, apex predators and birds like cormorants and mergansers, which are higher up on the food chain, can have concentrations of DDT that are significantly higher than the background concentration in the water. In the case of birds feeding on fish that have accumulated DDT, it has been documented that they can have a 400-fold increase in the concentration of DDT.

The answer is catalysts. Catalysts speed up the rate of a reaction without  getting consumed in the process. Catalysts, in this case, enzymes act by reducing the activation energy or changing the reaction mechanism (such as foregoing some transition states). A popular enzyme is a carbonic anhydrase that catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid in the blood plasma (from carbon dioxide and water), a critical function in regulating blood pH.

All cells come from preexisting cells. A cell divides its DNA in a process known as mitosis and its cytoplasmic contents in a process known as cytokinesis, producing two new daughter cells while all life begins as a single cell, the human body is not just one cell type. Cells that can divide without becoming a specific cell type (i.e. skin cells) are known as stem cells. When stem cells undergo mitosis and divide, they produce two cells. One cell remains a stem cell and the other is a partially specialized cell known as a progenitor cell. Cells undergo a process of specialization or determination called differentiation to become neurons, muscle cells, or skin cells. Stem cells are the source of all different cell types.

Answer:

There are three distinct kinds of symbiotic associations, that is, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. In the given case, that is, when nitrogen becomes readily accessible from another source the UCYN-A will be in a parasitic relationship with other species and will be the obtaining food from them, as this species will not be able to perform the process of photosynthesis in order to generate its own food.  

In the parasitic association, one organism, that is, the parasite feeds off of another organism, which is considered as the host, harming it and probably resulting in its death. The parasite thrives on or in the body of the host.  

Answer:

physical changes in an organism in order to survive in a given environment

Explanation:

edmentum

The stomach has three layers of smooth muscle fibers run in three different angles. These layers are critical in giving the stomach the capability to mix, well, ingested food as it is mixed with enzymes and hydrochloric acid. This is important because smoothe muscles can only contract in one direction hence the layers give multidirectional movements of the stomach hence goof mixing and better digestion.

Euglenoids are a group of unicellular organisms with both animal-like and plant-like traits, leading to classification challenges. Taxonomy and phylogeny based on molecular genetics and genome analysis have led to a restructuring of the kingdom Protista into multiple monophyletic supergroups, taking into account convergent evolution.

The question addresses the classification of euglenoids, which are unicellular organisms with both animal-like and plant-like characteristics. This classification ambiguity arises because euglenoids exhibit mobility and some are heterotrophic, which are traits associated with animals, leading zoologists to sometimes refer to them as 'Euglenozoa'. On the other hand, some euglenoids are capable of photosynthesis, a plant-like trait, causing botanists to call them 'Euglenophyta'. The taxonomy and phylogeny of euglenoids, and protists in general, have been reshaped with the advent of molecular genetics and genome analysis. These analyses have revealed deep evolutionary branches within the domain Eukaryota, dividing it into several monophyletic supergroups. The classification continues to evolve as new genetic information is discovered, making clear that morphologically similar protists may not necessarily share a recent common ancestor—a concept known as convergent evolution.

Y-represents hydrogen bond

Answer:

The correct answer would be the social hierarchy.

Explanation:

A basic aspect of social organization that is decided by display behavior or fighting and leads to a ranking system or order of place of the animals in a group is known as social hierarchy.

Dominance type of social hierarchies often decided best or early access to mating, social interactions, or food within animal groups.

Wedge-capped capuchin monkeys show this type of social hierarchy in their pack or group where dominant females display aggression towards other young males and females.

Thus, the correct answer is the social hierarchy.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

TECHNOLOGY, weather can only affect supply if the components got damaged.