Answer:
see below
Explanation:
Hydrogen reacting with oxygen to generate water produces a relatively large amount of thermal energy. As requested and in terms of bonding energies, a Hydrogen - Oxygen fuel cell reaction could be illustrated as follows...
H - H + 1/2(O = O) => H - O - H
ΔHb: 1mol(-436Kj/mol) 1/2mol(498 Kj/mol) 1mol(-463 Kj/mol)
= -436Kj = -249Kj = -926Kj
ΔH(Rxn) = ∑ΔH(Products) - ∑ΔH(reactants)
= [(-926kj)] - [(-436Kj) + (-249Kj)]
= (-926 + 436 + 249)Kj = -241Kj (=> which is the Standard Heat of Formation of Water => See Thermo Tables in text appendix).
This means, on reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen, 241Kj energy is released by exothermic process. The challenge now, is to direct this 241Kj of energy into a material substance so as to generate useful outcomes (work).
Now one should understand that the source of the energy in this problem is from the hydrogen - oxygen reaction, however, there are other mechanisms and reactions that generate thermal energy. Hydrogen fuel cell is but one.
So, now what does one do with the thermal energy generated in the fuel cell reaction. That is, what application would be needing 241Kj of energy per mole water formed? Consider two needed (hypothetical) applications => 1. to boil water and the other 2. to warm a tub of bathwater.
Our physics friends tell us that the amount of thermal heat used is related to the mass of substance receiving the heat and the resulting temperature change accompanying the transfer of thermal energy by the following equation ...
q = mcΔT where q = thermal energy. m = mass, c = specific heat & ΔT = Temperature change.
Given that both applications will receive the same amount of thermal energy ( => 241Kj) the question is reduced to how much mass would be needed to heat the water to boiling for application 1 vs amount of water to moderately heat water for a bath.
Application 1 (Boiling water) => 241Kj energy would only need a small quantity of water to achieve a high enough temperature to reach boiling point where as, Application 2 (Warming bath water) => 241Kj energy would be applied to a much larger quantity of water to limit the heating effect to a moderate temperature level.
In summary, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell reaction produces thermal energy => the thermal energy is directed into a mass of substance that is then heated to a needed temperature level to perform a functional service. The services derived from the H/Oxy rxn are, in essence, the utility of the process as a fuel. :-)
Addendum => The Hydrogen Electrochemical fuel cell process is the same except the process is galvanic in nature but still generates the same amount of thermal energy which is translated directly into electrical energy for needed applications.
Which qualities describe the mass and charge of an electron?
A.
mass equal to that of a proton; positive charge
B.
mass equal to that of a proton; negative charge
C.
mass 1/1836 that of a proton; positive charge
D.
mass 1/1836 that of a proton; negative charge
B.
mass equal to that of a proton; negative charge
What do you often notice after you balance a hydrocarbon combustion
reaction equation?
O
A. Sometimes the coefficient for the oxygen molecule is not a whole
number
O
B. Sometimes the oxygen molecules do not balance in the equation.
O
C. Sometimes the oxygen molecule is written as separate oxygen
atoms
O
D. Sometimes the oxygen molecules are spectator ions in the
reaction
Answer:
A. Sometimes the coefficient for the oxygen molecule is not a whole number
Explanation:
The correct answer is option A. Sometimes the coefficient for the oxygen molecule is not a whole number.
What happens to hydrocarbon in a combustion reaction?
Hydrocarbon combustion refers to the chemical reaction where a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to create carbon dioxide, water, and heat.
What atom should be balanced last when balancing hydrocarbon combustion reactions?
Balancing combustion reactions is easy. First, balance the carbon and hydrogen atoms on both sides of the equation. Then, balance the oxygen atoms.
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An increase in the temperature of a system at equilibrium favors the
Answer:
endothermic reaction.
Explanation:
An increase in the temperature of a system at equilibrium favors the backward or reversible reaction.
What is equilibrium law?According to the equilibrium law, when any external stress is applied at the equilibrium state then the equilibrium will shift to that side which decreases the external affect.
Suppose a chemical reaction which is exothermic in nature will be represented as:
A + B ⇄ C + D
If we increases the temperature then reaction will shift to the left side to overcome the effect of increased temperature.
Hence reversible reaction proceeds on increasing the temperature.
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Consider the reaction below.
2NH3(e) N218) + 3H218)
What is the most likely effect to the forward reaction if there is an increase in pressure on this reaction?
The reactant surface area increases
The reaction rate decreases.
The reaction is not affected at all.
The reaction stops completely
The letter R indicates round seeds that are dominant over the wrinkled variety, represented by r. Create a Punnett square by selecting the genetic makeup of the parents. You can make the parents both homozygous, both heterozygous, or a combination. Show the possible outcomes of the traits in their offspring.
Answer and Explanation:
Let's just make it easy and have both parents be heterozygous. This means that they each have 1 dominant allele (R) and 1 recessive allele (r). Make a Punnett Square (see attachment).
The possible outcomes are RR (one of it), Rr (two of it), and rr (one of it). That means that phenotypically, 3 of the offspring will be round and 1 will be wrinkled.
Answer:
Rr, RR, rr
Explanation:
What is sound energy? Give two examples.
Answer:
Sound energy is a form of energy that can be heard by humans.
Ex- buzzing bee, balloon popping
Explanation:
How many moles of aluminum are needed to produce 146 grams of aluminum oxide?
Answer:
I beleive this should help you find ur answer The molecular mass of Aluminum Oxide is approximately 102 grams per mole. 105.9 g Al were burned in excess O2 to produce 200.0 g Al2O3
Explanation:
The level of mercury in an open end manometer is 20mm higher on the open
ended side. Considering the gas is at STP, what is the pressure of the gas?
Answer:
106,080 newtons per meter squared
Explanation:
First you take the density of mecury multiply by the height in meters then multiply by the gravity: 13600×0.02×10= 2720
Then add the answer to the standard atmospheric presssure:
2720+ 103,360= 106,080
The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry.
The correct answer is 106,080N/s
First, we have to multiply the mercury by the height to find the density. The density is as follows:-
[tex]13600*0.02*10= 2720[/tex]
We have to convert the density into standard atmospheric pressure:
[tex]2720+ 103,360= 106,080[/tex]
Hence, the correct answer is 106080N/s
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The average adult human burns 2.00x20^3 kcal per day in energy. What is this rate in kJ per hour?
Answer:
1.61 × 10⁶ kJ
Explanation:
The human burns energy so as to be healthy.
The amount of energy burnt per day by an adult human is 2 × 20³ kcal per day. Since there is 24 hours in a day, the amount of energy burnt per hour is 2 × 20³ × 24 = 48 × 20³ kcal per hour.
The conversion rate of kcal to kJ is 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ. Therefore converting the kcal per hour to kJ per hour gives:
48 × 20³ × 4.184 = 200.882 × 20³ kJ = 1.61 × 10⁶ kJ
Final answer:
Rate in kJ per hour = 34.93 kJ/hTo convert the rate from kcal per day to kJ per hour, you can multiply the average daily energy burn by the conversion factor of 4.184 kJ/kcal and 1 day/24 hours.
Explanation:
To convert kcal to kJ, we can multiply by a conversion factor of 4.184.
Therefore, to find the rate in kJ per hour, we can multiply the average daily energy burn by the conversion factor for both kcal to kJ and hours to days.
The calculation would be:
Rate in kJ per hour = (2.00x10³ kcal/day) x (4.184 kJ/kcal) x (1 day/24 hours)
The rate in kJ per hour = 34.93 kJ/h
What is the total number of oxygen atoms represented in the formula na2c03.10h2o?
Calculate the energy in joules, 245 Calories = __joules
C
.
245 Calories
Answer:
1025.05
Explanation:
1calories=4.184 joulse
so if multiply 245 by 4.184
The calculation of energy from calories to joules is determined below:
245 Calories = 1029 joules. What is One Joule?One Joule may be defined as the amount of energy that is significantly required to be exerted when a force of one newton is put in an application over a displacement of one meter.
The calorie may be defined as the amount of heat needed at a pressure of 1 atm in order to enhance that temperature of 1 gram of any solution by 1°C.
According to the question,
The total amount of calories = 245.
As per the common calculation or conversion factors,
1 calorie ≅ 4.2 Joules.
∴ 245 calories = 245 × 4.2 = 1029 Joules.
Therefore, according to the calculation, the total amount of energy in 245 Calories is equal to 1029 joules.
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A 70-liter tank of oxygen gas at 27 degree Celcius and 42.0 atm springs a leak overnight. when the tank was found in the morning, the pressure in the tank had dropped to 19.0 atm. If the tank originally held 119.4 moles of oxygen gas, how many moles of gas were left the next morning, assuming the temperature and volume of the rank stayed constant?.
54.03 moles of gas were left the next morning, assuming the temperature and volume of the tank stayed constant.
Explanation:
Status of the oxygen gas at night or initial conditions.
volume of the tank = 70 litre
temperature = 27 degree celsius or 300.15 K
pressure = ?
number of moles of oxygen = 119
R = 0.0821 L atm/mole K
applying gas law
PV = nRT
P = [tex]\frac{0.0821 X 119.4 X 300.15}{70}[/tex]
P = 42 atm
in the morning
volume = 70 litres
temperature = 300.15 K
Pressure = 19 atm
n = ?
R = 0.0821 L atm/mole K
Applying Ideal Gas law,
PV= nRT
putting the values in the formula:
n = [tex]\frac{19 X 70}{0.0821 X 300.15}[/tex]
n = 54.03 moles will be left in the morning.
______________ forces are between different ATOMS of the SAME molecule. ______________ forces are between different MOLECULES of a substance.
A. Intermolecular; Intramolecular
B. Intramolecular; Intrermolecular
C. Intermolecular; Polar
D. Polar; Intramolecular
Hey there!
Your answer is B. Intramolecular; intermolecular.
Intramolecular forces are the forces that keep the atoms together in the molecule.
Intermolecular forces are the forces that are different molecules interacting with each other.
You can remember this by thinking about the prefixes inter- and intra-. Inter- refers to open systems within groups. The groups are the different molecules which are interacting with each other.
Intra-, however, refers to the closed system inside of a single group. The single group is the one molecule, and the interactions are happening between the atoms within the molecule.
Hope this helps!
WHEN I SAY I NEED HELP ASAP !!!
Answer:
monoxide
dioxide
trioxide
tetroxide
pentoxide
hexoxide
heptoxide
octoxide
nonoxide
Explanation:
Just the way it is. If there is an -a or -o infront of the oxide(or another substance that starts with vowel), the a is often dropped.
A 250g sample of water with an initial temperature of 98.8oC loses 1794 cal of heat. What is the final temperature of the water?
Answer:
91.62 C
Explanation:
Q = ( m ) ( Csh ) ( T2 - T1 )
T2 = T1 + ( Q ) / ( m ) ( Csh )
T2 = 98.8 C + ( - 7500 J ) / ( 250 g ) ( 4.186 J/g - C )
T2 = 91.6 C
The final temperature of the water is approximately [tex]\(91.624 \, ^\circ \text{C}\).[/tex]
To calculate the final temperature of the water, we'll use the heat transfer equation:
Q = [tex]mc\Delta T[/tex]
Given values:
m = 250g (mass of water)
c = [tex]1 \, \text{cal/g}^\circ \text{C}\)[/tex] specific heat capacity of water)
Q = -1794 cal (negative because heat is lost)
Now, we'll rearrange the formula to solve for [tex]\(\Delta T\)[/tex] :
[tex]\[\Delta T = \frac{Q}{mc}\][/tex]
Substitute the values:
[tex]\[\Delta T = \frac{-1794 \, \text{cal}}{(250 \, \text{g})(1 \, \text{cal/g}^\circ \text{C})}\][/tex]
Now, calculate [tex]\(\Delta T\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[\Delta T \approx -7.176 \, ^\circ \text{C}\][/tex]
The negative sign indicates a decrease in temperature, which makes sense since heat was lost.
Now, find the final temperature [tex](\(T_{\text{final}}\))[/tex] :
[tex]\[T_{\text{final}} = T_{\text{initial}} + \Delta T\][/tex]
[tex]\[T_{\text{final}} = 98.8 \, ^\circ \text{C} - 7.176 \, ^\circ \text{C}\][/tex]
[tex]\[T_{\text{final}} \approx 91.624 \, ^\circ \text{C}\][/tex]
So, the final temperature of the water is approximately [tex]\(91.624 \, ^\circ \text{C}\)[/tex].
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I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution, if I boil the water until the volume of the solution is 250 mL what will the molarity of the solution be? Round to the nearest whole number
Answer&Explanation:
According to dilution law concentration before dilution is equal to concentration after dilution hence;;
Volume×molarity(before)=volume×molarty(after)
345ml×1.5M=?M×250ml
Cross multiplication
Molarity will be equal to 2.07M
The table below describes the temperature of different colors of stars.
Color Temperature
red under 3,500 K
orange-red 3,500 - 5,000 K
white-yellow 5,000 - 6,000 K
blue-white 6,000 - 7,500 K
blue 7,500 - 25,000+ K
If the Sun is white-yellow, which of the following is a reasonable approximation of its temperature?
Answer:
D
Explanation:
5,778K
Answer:red
Explanation:
The stars can be classified in many ways, including by mass, color, and temperature. The color and the temperature of a star are usually related.
Antares is a red supergiant.
What information do you need to convert between moles and mass of a substance?
Answer:A substance's molar mass is calculated by multiplying its relative atomic mass by the molar mass constant (1 g/mol). The molar mass constant can be used to convert mass to moles. By multiplying a given mass by the molar mass, the amount of moles of the substance can be calculated.
Explanation:
Answer: molar mass
Explanation:
Mole = mass/molar mass
Mass = molar mass × mole
Calculate the (H+), and indicate whether it is an acid, base, or neutral for a
solution with a concentration of [OH-] = 8.8 x 10^-9 M.*
Answer:
As the pH value is less than 7, (in this case 5,94) it corresponds to an acidic substance.
Explanation:
The pH indicates the acidity or basicity of a substance. pH values between 0 and less than 7 indicate acidic solutions, 7 neutral and higher than 7 to 14 basic. It is calculated as: pH = -log (H 30+)
First we calculate the concentration of H 30+:
Both pH and pOH have a relationship to belonging to the same aqueous solution: the expression of the Kwater (ionic product of the water Kw) is used:
(H3O +) x (OH -) = 1x10 ^ -14
(H3O +) x (8.8 x 10^-9)= 1x10 ^ -14
(H30+)= 1x10 ^ -14/(8.8 x 10^-9)
(H30+)= 1,14 x 10^-6 M
pH= -log (H30+)
pH= -log (1,14 x 10^-6)
pH=5,94 As the pH value is less than 7, it corresponds to an acidic substance.
a gas has a volume of 6 liters and a pressure of 1.5 atm. if the container is compressed to a volume of 2 liters, what will the pressure of the gas be?
Answer:
The pressure will be 4, 5 atm
Explanation:
We use Boyle Mariotte's formula: for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure and volume vary inversely proportionally:
P1xV1=P2xV2
P2= (P1xV1)/V2 = (1,5 atm x 6 L)/2 L=4,5 atm
How does population density differ from population size?
a Population size takes all organisms into account, while population density only takes specific age
groups of the population into account.
b. Population size is the total number of organisms, while population density is the total number of
organisms within a given area.
C. Population size is the total number of organisms within a given area, while population density is the
total number of organisms of a specific age.
d Population size is the total number of organisms of all species, while population density is the total
number of organisms of a specific species.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OOO
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Population size is the number of individuals in a population.
Population density is the average number of individuals per unit of area or volume.
Calculate the amount, in moles, of PO43- present at equilibrium when excess Sr3(PO4)2 is added to 750. mL 1.2 M Sr(NO3)2(aq). Assume no change in volume. For Sr3(PO4)2, Ksp = 1.0×10-31.
Answer:
1.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ mol
Explanation:
(a) Calculate the solubility of the Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Let s = the solubility of Sr₃(PO₄)₂.
The equation for the equilibrium is
Sr₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3Sr²⁺(aq) + 2PO₄³⁻(aq); Ksp = 1.0 × 10⁻³¹
1.2 + 3s 2s
[tex]K_{sp} =\text{[Sr$^{2+}$]$^{3}$[PO$_{4}^{3-}$]$^{2}$} = (1.2 + 3s)^{3}\times (2s)^{2} = 1.0 \times 10^{-31}\\\text{Assume } 3s \ll 1.2\\1.2^{3} \times 4s^{2} = 1.0 \times 10^{-31}\\6.91s^{2} = 1.0 \times 10^{-31}\\s^{2} = \dfrac{1.0 \times 10^{-31}}{6.91} = 1.45 \times 10^{-32}\\\\s = \sqrt{ 1.45 \times 10^{-32}} = 1.20 \times 10^{-16} \text{ mol/L}\\[/tex]
(b) Concentration of PO₄³⁻
[PO₄³⁻] = 2s = 2 × 1.20× 10⁻¹⁶ mol·L⁻¹ = 2.41× 10⁻¹⁶ mol·L⁻¹
(c) Moles of PO₄³⁻
Moles = 0.750 L × 2.41 × 10⁻¹⁶ mol·L⁻¹ = 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ mol
To calculate the amount of PO4^3- present at equilibrium, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction and the amount of Sr3(PO4)2 added. Since the reaction has a 1:2 stoichiometry, the amount of PO4^3- is twice the amount of Sr3(PO4)2 added. The amount of Sr3(PO4)2 added can be calculated using the molarity and volume of the Sr(NO3)2 solution.
Explanation:To calculate the amount of PO43- present at equilibrium, we need to use the concept of solubility product constant (Ksp) and the stoichiometry of the reaction.
First, let's write the balanced equation for the reaction:
Sr3(PO4)2(s) → 3Sr2+(aq) + 2PO43-(aq)
According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 1 mole of Sr3(PO4)2 produces 2 moles of PO43-. Therefore, if we have excess Sr3(PO4)2, all Sr3(PO4)2 will dissolve and the amount of PO43- at equilibrium is equal to twice the amount of Sr3(PO4)2 added.
Since we have 750 mL of 1.2 M Sr(NO3)2, we can calculate the amount of Sr3(PO4)2 added:
750 mL * 1.2 mol/L = 900 mol Sr2+
Therefore, the amount of PO43- present at equilibrium is 2 * 900 mol = 1800 mol.
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At which type of plate boundary will a trench most likely form?
A:
B:
C:
D:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
they pull apart if u see the first one they go like this < > leaving a gap in the middle
In type A of plate boundary, a trench will most likely to form ocean trenches are caused by tectonic activity, which is the movement of the Earth's lithosphere, hence option A is correct.
Oceanic trenches are long, narrow, noticeable topographic depressions on the ocean bottom. They are normally 50 to 100 kilometers broad and 3 to 4 kilometers below the surrounding marine bottom, but can stretch for thousands of km.
Ocean trenches, in particular, are a hallmark of convergent plate boundaries, when two or more tectonic plates collide.
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SOMEONE PLEASE HELP!!! How much energy was required to heat a 5.00g sample of liquid water at 25.0°C to 100°C? (Specific heat of water is 4.184J/g°C).
Answer:
Q = 1569 j
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of water = 5.00 g
Initial temperature = 25.0°C
Final temperature = 100°C
Cp = 4.184 j/g.°C
Energy needed = ?
Solution:
Specific heat capacity:
It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree.
Formula:
Q = m.c. ΔT
Q = amount of heat absorbed or released
m = mass of given substance
c = specific heat capacity of substance
ΔT = change in temperature
ΔT = 100°C - 25°C
ΔT = 75°C
Q = 5 g× 4.184 j/g.°C×75°C
Q = 1569 j
19. Which atom in a water molecule has the greatest electronegativity?
a. one of the hydrogen atoms
b. both hydrogen atoms
c. the oxygen atom
d. There is no difference in the electronegativities of the atoms in a water molecule.
Answer:
The Oxygen Atom
Explanation:
The oxygen atom in a water molecule has the greatest electronegativity. Therefore, the correct option is option C.
What is electronegativity?The tendency of an atom of a particular chemical element could attract shared electrons while forming a chemical bond is represented by the symbol. The electronegativity of an atom is determined both by its atomic number as well as the distance between its valence electrons and the charged nucleus.
The higher the related electronegativity, the more electrons an atom or substituent group attracts. Electronegativity is a simple approach to quantify bond energy as well as the sign and degree of a bond's molecular polarity, that describes a bond all along continuum between covalent through ionic bonding. The oxygen atom in a water molecule has the greatest electronegativity.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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Sprite has a [H+] = .000045 M. What is its pH?
Final answer:
The pH of Sprite with a [H+] concentration of .000045 M is approximately 4.35, which is calculated using the formula pH = -log([H+]).
Explanation:
To calculate the pH of Sprite, which has a hydrogen ion concentration [H+] = .000045 M, we use the formula pH = -log([H+]). By inserting the given concentration into this formula, we find that pH = -log(.000045). Using a calculator to perform this logarithm results in a pH of approximately 4.35.
This calculation demonstrates the acidic nature of Sprite, as a pH lower than 7 indicates an acidic solution. The understanding of pH is crucial in chemistry to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.
What is the Molarity of the Sulfate ion in a 2M K2SO4 solution?
Answer: The Molarity of the sulphate ion in a 2M [tex]K_2SO_4[/tex] solution is 2M
Explanation:
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of the solution.
[tex]Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}[/tex]
where,
n= moles of solute
[tex]V_s[/tex] = volume of solution in ml
[tex]K_2SO_4\rightarrow 2K^{+}+SO_4^{2-}[/tex]
Now as 1 mole of [tex]K_2SO_4[/tex] gives = 1 mole of [tex]SO_4^{2-}[/tex]
2 moles of [tex]K_2SO_4[/tex] gives =[tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 2=2[/tex] moles of [tex]SO_4^{2-}[/tex]
Thus Molarity of the sulphate ion in a 2M [tex]K_2SO_4[/tex] solution is 2 M
I NEED HELP ASAP!!!!
The animal-like parasite plasmodium causes the disease?
PLEASE HURRY
Answer: malaria
Explanation:
Answer:
malaria
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP!!! ON A TIMER, WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Which equation represents the correct net ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and H2SO4?
Upper H superscript plus, plus upper O upper H superscript minus right arrow upper H subscript 2 upper O.
2 upper H superscript plus, plus 2 upper O upper H superscript minus right arrow upper H subscript 2 upper O.
Upper C a superscript 2 plus, plus 2 upper O upper H superscript minus, plus upper S upper O subscript 4 superscript 2 minus right arrow upper C a superscript 2 plus, plus upper S upper O subscript 4 superscript 2 minus, plus 2 upper H subscript 2 upper O.
Upper C a (upper O upper H) subscript 2 plus upper H subscript 2 upper S upper O subscript 4 right arrow upper C a upper S upper O subscript 4 plus 2 upper H subscript 2 upper O.
Answer:
its not 2H+ + 2OH- -> H20
Explanation
answer is A on ed2020
The net ionic equation for the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and H2SO4 is; 2OH^-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) ----->2H2O(l).
What is net ionic equation?The net ionic equations shows the ions that underwent a change in te cause of the reaction. Hence, the net ionic equation would always exclude the spectator ions.
In this case, the net ionic equation is; 2OH^-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) ----->2H2O(l). The calcium and the sulfate ions are spectator ions.
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How do scientists use light-years?
Answer:
Scientists don't actually measure astronomical distances in light years. Rather, they measure them in a unit called the Parsec , and only convert to light years when they're talking to the general public . One light-year is the distance light travels through space in one year.
Explanation: