Final answer:
At 393 K, which is 119.85°C, acetic acid exists in a liquid state, as it is above its melting point and below its boiling point.
Explanation:
Acetic acid, also known by its systematic name ethanoic acid, exists in different physical states depending on the temperature. Pure acetic acid solidifies at 16.6°C and is referred to as glacial acetic acid because it often solidified in cold laboratories lending the appearance of ice. At 393 K (which is equivalent to 119.85°C), acetic acid is well above its melting point and well below its boiling point of about 118°C. Hence, at 393 K, acetic acid would exist in a liquid state. It is important to note that the compound forms dimers due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which affects its physical properties, including melting and boiling points.
Part a draw the major organic product formed when the compound shown below undergoes a reaction with an excess of etoh under acidic conditions.
Propanal undergoes nucleophilic addition with excess ethanol under acidic conditions, forming ethyl propanoate (ethyl propionate) and water through esterification.
Let's go into more detail about the reaction between propanal [tex](\(CH_3CH_2CHO\))[/tex] and ethanol [tex](\(EtOH\))[/tex] under acidic conditions.
1. Nucleophilic Addition of Ethanol:
- In the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid [tex](\(H_2SO_4\))[/tex], the carbonyl group of propanal undergoes nucleophilic addition with ethanol.
- The oxygen in the carbonyl group acts as a nucleophile attacking the partially positive carbon of the carbonyl carbon.
[tex]\[ \ce{CH3CH2CHO + EtOH} \xrightarrow{acid} \ce{CH3CH2COOCH2CH3} \][/tex]
2. Formation of Hemiacetal:
- Initially, a hemiacetal is formed, which involves the addition of one molecule of ethanol to the carbonyl group.
[tex]\[ \ce{CH3CH2CHO + EtOH} \xrightarrow{acid} \ce{CH3CH(OH)CH2COOCH2CH3} \][/tex]
3. Formation of Acetal (Ester):
- The hemiacetal formed can undergo another nucleophilic addition with a second molecule of ethanol, leading to the formation of the acetal (ester) and regeneration of the acid catalyst.
[tex]\[ \ce{CH3CH(OH)CH2COOCH2CH3} \xrightarrow{acid} \ce{CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + H2O} \][/tex]
4. Overall Reaction:
- The overall reaction involves the addition of two molecules of ethanol to propanal, resulting in the formation of ethyl propanoate (ethyl propionate) and water.
[tex]\[ \ce{CH3CH2CHO + 2 EtOH} \xrightarrow{acid} \ce{CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + H2O} \][/tex]
The ethyl propanoate formed is an ester, and this reaction is an example of an esterification reaction under acidic conditions. It's important to note that excess ethanol is used to drive the reaction to completion, and the acidic conditions help in the protonation and activation of the carbonyl group for nucleophilic attack by ethanol.
Complete Question
Draw the major product(s) of electrophilic chlorination of p-cyanobenzoic acid.
What is the main reason for processing coal ore?
A) To increase heating value
B) To remove inorganic material
C) To eliminate pollution of groundwater
D) To recover other valuable minerals from the ore
It is A because to increase heating value removing other materials from coal increases its effectiveness as an energy source, making the coal more valuable. It also reduces transportation costs.
Which of the following is an example of how science can solve social problems? It can stop excessive rain from occurring. It can identify the sources of polluted water. It can control the time and day when cyclones happen. It can reduce the frequency of severe weather conditions.
Answer: It can identify the sources of polluted water.
Scientific innovations and researches have been proved to be beneficial in solving the day to day social problems such as household practices such as cooking, washing of cloth, industrialization and conservation of the environment.
It can identify the sources of polluted water is the correct example of how science can solve social problems. The source of pollution can be identified by tracing back it's origin and application of filters and purifiers can help in controlling the pollution.
An example of how science can solve social problems is : ( B ) It can Identify the sources of polluted water
Scientific innovationsSeveral scientific innovations have made the identification and resolution of certain problems easier and one of such is the ability to Identify the dangers and sources of pollution.
Certain natural conditions such as excessive rain, cyclones and severe weather conditions can be identified but not stopped because they occur naturally.
Hence an example of how science can solve social problems is It can identify the sources of polluted water.
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The R-COOH compound behaves as an _____. acid base alcohol ester
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
An organic compound that contains "-COOH" as the function group is known as carboxylic compound.
A carboxylic compound is an acid as it dissociates to give hydrogen ion.
[tex]R-COOH \rightarrow R-COO^{-} + H^{+}[/tex]
Whereas a compound with functional group "-OH" is known as alcohol.
And, a compound with general formula RCOOR' is known as an ester.
Thus, we can conclude that the R-COOH compound behaves as an acid.
Differentiated animal cells and tissues include _____.
cuboidal cells
columnar cells
bone cells
fat cells
neurons
all of the above
A certain gas is present in a 12.0 L cylinder at 4.0 atm pressure. If the pressure is increased to 8.0 atm the volume of the gas decreases to 6.0 L . Find the two constants ki, the initial value of k, and kf, the final value of k, to verify whether the gas obeys Boyle’s law by entering the numerical values for ki and kf in the space provided.
The initial value of constant [tex]{{\text{k}}_1}[/tex] is 48.0 atmL and the final value of constant [tex]{{\text{k}}_2}[/tex] is 48.0 atmL. This proves that Boyle's lawis obeyed by gas.
Further explanation:
Boyle’s law:
It is an experimental gas law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume of the gas. According to Boyle's law, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the system, provided that the temperature and the number of moles of gas remain constant.
If the temperature and number of moles of gas are constant then the equation (1) will become as follows:
[tex]{\text{PV}} = {\text{k}}[/tex] ……(2)
Here, k is a constant.
Or it can also be expressed as follows:
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1} = {{\text{P}}_2}{{\text{V}}_2}[/tex] ……(3)
Here,
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}[/tex] is the initial pressure.
[tex]{{\text{P}}_2}[/tex] is the final pressure.
[tex]{{\text{V}}_1}[/tex] is the initial volume.
[tex]{{\text{V}}_2}[/tex] is the final volume.
Boyle'slaw for the initial condition of gas can be written as,
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1}={{\text{k}}_1}[/tex] …… (4)
Substitute 4.0 atm for [tex]{{\text{P}}_1}[/tex] and 12.0 L for [tex]{{\text{V}}_1}[/tex] in equation (4).
[tex]\begin{aligned}\left( {4.0{\text{ atm}}}\right)\left({12.0{\text{ L}}}\right)&= {{\text{k}}_1}\hfill\\48.0{\text{ atm}}\cdot{\text{L}}&= {{\text{k}}_1}\hfill\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Boyle's law for the final condition of gas can be written as,
[tex]{{\text{P}}_2}{{\text{V}}_2} = {{\text{k}}_2}[/tex] …… (5)
Substitute 8.0 atm for [tex]{{\text{P}}_2}[/tex] and 6.0 L for [tex]{{\text{V}}_2}[/tex] in equation (5).
[tex]\begin{aligned}\left( {8.0{\text{ atm}}}\right)\left({6.0{\text{ L}}}\right)&={{\text{k}}_2}\hfill\\48.0{\text{ atm}}\cdot{\text{L}}&={{\text{k}}_2}\hfill\\ \end{aligned}[/tex]
Since the value of [tex]{{\text{k}}_1}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{k}}_2}[/tex] is equal in both cases thus this gives,
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1} = {{\text{P}}_2}{{\text{V}}_2}[/tex]
Hence, it is proved that Boyle's law is obeyed by the given gas.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Ideal gas of equation
Keywords: Boyle's law, volume, temperature, pressure, volume pressure relationship, constant temperature, relationship, V inversely proportional to P, ideal gas, ideal gas equation number of mole and moles.
Helium has the lowest boiling point of any substance, at 4.2 k. part a what is this temperature in âc?
The temperatur e of Helium in °C = -268.8 °
Further explanationTemperature is one of the principal quantities that shows the degree of heat or cold from an object / space
Temperature is used as a guide to the level of heat energy from objects
Temperature measures thermal energy
The temperature of an object also depends on the kinetic energy of the object's molecules
Temperature cannot be measured by the surface of the hand because it is not accurate but can be measured by a thermometer. Temperature units include Celsius, Fahrenheit, Reamur or Kelvin
Boiling point and freezing point of Temperature units;
1. CelsiusBoiling point : 100 °C
Freezing point: 0 °C
2. ReamurBoiling point : 80 °R
Freezing point: 0 °R
3. FahrenheitBoiling point : 212 °F
Freezing point: 32 °F
4. KelvinBoiling point : 373 °K
Freezing point: 273 °K
Whereas the temperature conversion is
°F = (9/5) °C + 32
°R = (4/5) °C
°K = °C + 273
°C = 5/9 (°F-32)
°R = 4/9 (°F-32)
°K = 5/9 (°F-32) + 273
°C = °K - 273
°R = 4/5 (°K-273)
°F = 9/5 (°K-273) + 32
°C = (5/4) °R
°F = (9/4) °R + 32
°K = °C + 273
°K = (5/4) °R + 273
Helium at 4.2 K, then the temperature in C :
C = K - 273
C = 4.2 - 273
C = -268.8 C
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1. At approximately 50°C and 0.5 kPa, what phase of matter is water in? *
A. Solid
B. liquid
C. vapor
D. both liquid and vapor
2. A sample of neon occupies a volume of 375 mL at STP. What will be the volume of the neon if the pressure is reduced to 90.0 kPa? *
A.422 mL
B.422 L
C. 333 mL
D. 333 L
3. A gas at 155 kPa and standard temperature has an initial volume of 1.00 L. The pressure of the gas rises to 500 kPa as the temperature also rises to 135°C. What is the new volume? *
A. 2.16 L
B. 0.463 L
C. 0.207 L
D. 4.82 L
4. What pressure will be exerted by 0.650 mol of a gas at 30.0°C if it is contained in a 0.700 L vessel? *
A. 2340 kPa
B. 2340 atm
C. 231 kPa
D. 231 atm
5. The vapor pressure of water is *
a. high due to very weak intermolecular attractions
b. high due to water's polarity
c. low due to water's high specific heat
d. low due to relatively strong intermolecular attractions
6. Which mixture contains the largest particles? *
a. solution
b. suspension
c. colloid
d. emulsion
7. How does evaporation of a liquid differ from boiling a liquid?
8. Describe the Tyndall Effect and how it could affect my drive home on a foggy night.
A first-order reaction has a half-life of 29.2 s . how long does it take for the concentration of the reactant in the reaction to fall to one-sixteenth of its initial value?
Answer is: it takes 116,8 seconds to fall to one-sixteenth of its initial value
The half-life for the chemical reaction is 29,2 s and is
independent of initial concentration.
c₀
- initial concentration the reactant.
c - concentration of the reactant remaining at time.
t = 29,2 s.
First calculate the rate constant k:
k = 0,693 ÷ t = 0,693 ÷ 29,2 s = 0,0237 1/s.
ln(c/c₀) = -k·t₁.
ln(1/16 ÷ 1) = -0,0237 1/s ·
t₁.
t₁ = 116,8 s.
Which of the following correctly describes voltage difference?
The best description of voltage is: Difference in potential energy per unit charge when measured between two points.
The correct answer is option C.
Voltage, often referred to as electric potential difference or electric potential, is a fundamental concept in electricity and represents the electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric field. It is typically measured in volts (V).
Here's an explanation of why the other options are not accurate:
a. Amount of charge stored by a battery: Voltage is related to the potential energy difference, not the amount of charge stored.
b. Amount of power stored by a battery: Voltage is not a measure of power; it's a measure of electric potential.
d. Amount of potential energy at a given location: This option is somewhat close but lacks the specific reference to the difference in potential energy between two points, which is essential for voltage.
e. Difference in charge between two points: Voltage is not a measure of the difference in charge but rather the difference in potential energy per unit charge.
In summary, voltage is a measure of the potential energy difference per unit charge between two points in an electric field. It is crucial for understanding how electrical circuits work and plays a fundamental role in electricity and electronics making option C the correct answer.
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The question probable may be:
Which of the following best describes voltage?
a. Amount of charge stored by a battery
b. Amount of power stored by a battery
c. Difference in potential energy per unit charge when measured between two points
d. Amount of potential energy at a given location
e. Difference in charge between two points
Answer as many as you can please, 40 POINTS
(Only right answers please don't guess)
1. At approximately 50°C and 0.5 kPa, what phase of matter is water in? *
A. Solid
B. liquid
C. vapor
D. both liquid and vapor
2. A sample of neon occupies a volume of 375 mL at STP. What will be the volume of the neon if the pressure is reduced to 90.0 kPa? *
A.422 mL
B.422 L
C. 333 mL
D. 333 L
3. A gas at 155 kPa and standard temperature has an initial volume of 1.00 L. The pressure of the gas rises to 500 kPa as the temperature also rises to 135°C. What is the new volume? *
A. 2.16 L
B. 0.463 L
C. 0.207 L
D. 4.82 L
4. What pressure will be exerted by 0.650 mol of a gas at 30.0°C if it is contained in a 0.700 L vessel? *
A. 2340 kPa
B. 2340 atm
C. 231 kPa
D. 231 atm
5. The vapor pressure of water is *
a. high due to very weak intermolecular attractions
b. high due to water's polarity
c. low due to water's high specific heat
d. low due to relatively strong intermolecular attractions
6. Which mixture contains the largest particles? *
a. solution
b. suspension
c. colloid
d. emulsion
7. How does evaporation of a liquid differ from boiling a liquid?
8. Describe the Tyndall Effect and how it could affect my drive home on a foggy night.
He main reasons why ch4 has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature when compared to ch3cl is that
CH4 exhibits weaker London dispersion forces while CH3Cl has stronger dipole-dipole interactions due to its polar C-Cl bond, resulting in CH4 having a higher vapor pressure at the same temperature than CH3Cl.
Explanation:The main reason why CH4 has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature when compared to CH3Cl is primarily due to the differences in the types and strengths of their intermolecular forces (IMFs). Methane (CH4) only exhibits London dispersion forces, which are the weakest type of IMFs because it is a non-polar molecule.
On the other hand, chloromethane (CH3Cl) exhibits both London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions due to the presence of a polar C-Cl bond. This dipole-dipole interaction in CH3Cl is stronger than the dispersion forces in CH4, leading to stronger intermolecular attractions in CH3Cl and, consequently, a lower vapor pressure at the same temperature.
Why is butyl iodide preferred over butyl chloride in a williamson ether synthesis?
Final answer:
Butyl iodide is used in Williamson ether synthesis due to iodide ion being a better leaving group than chloride, facilitating the formation of ethers more selectively and efficiently.
Explanation:
Butyl iodide is preferred over butyl chloride in a Williamson ether synthesis because of its ease in undergoing nucleophilic substitution due to the Iodide ion (I-) being a better leaving group than the Chloride ion (Cl-).
The Iodide ion is larger and more polarizable compared to chloride, which means the carbon-iodine bond can be more easily broken during the reaction, facilitating the formation of the ether product.
Additionally, iodide is a weaker base than chloride, which reduces the chance of side reactions such as elimination, leading to a more selective and efficient ether synthesis.
which rock future is the line running between points A and B most likely to be?
A)
rock
B)
strata still
C)
dice
D)
fault
Answer:
On plato this would be D a fault line
Explanation:
how many molecules of h2o are equal to 97.2 g h2o
Answer:
3.25*10^24
Explanation:
In which circumstance is the transition state more similar to the products of the reaction?
Given that the molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol, what is the molarity of a solution that contains 87.75 g of NaCl in 500. mL of solution?
Use mc006-1.jpg.
0.333 M
0.751 M
1.50 M
3.00 M
Answer: D on Edge :)
Explanation:
HELP!!!! 15 pts !!! Which chemical equation below does not illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass? Al4C3 + 3H2O yields CH4 + 4Al(OH)3 2 NaCl + CaO yields Na2O + CaCl2 3 LiOH + Fe(NO3)3 yields 3LiNO3 + Fe(OH)3 Zn + 2HCl yields ZnCl2 + H2
In which range of time do earthquakes occur? A. seconds B. days C. months D. millions of years
select the one that most likely has the highest rate of effusion Oxygen (O2) or hydrogen (H2):
The answer is hydrogen (H2) because i just answered this question from Edgenuit.
When shopping for major appliances, people should look for high energy-rating numbers because those items _____.
Answer:
Use less energy.
Explanation:
Hello,
High energy consumption implies higher costs during the usage of a product, nevertheless, by avoiding this factor, money could be saved in addition of the environmental damage that is prevented in the light of the lower energy use.
Best regards.
An automobile antifreeze mixture is made by mixing equal volumes of ethylene glycol (d = 1.114 g/ml; = 62.07 g/mol) and water (d = 1.00 g/ml) at 20°c. the density of the mixture is 1.070 g/ml. express the concentration of ethylene glycol as:
The concentration of ethylene glycol in the antifreeze mixture can be calculated by determining the mole fraction. First, find the moles of ethylene glycol and water, then use the mole fraction to find the concentration. The final concentration of ethylene glycol is 0.0179 mol/kg.
Explanation:To calculate the concentration of ethylene glycol in the antifreeze mixture, we'll first need to find the mole fraction, which involves calculating the molar amounts of both ethylene glycol and water.
Since 1ml of each liquid is used, we have 1.114g of ethylene glycol and 1.00g of water. The molar mass of ethylene glycol is 62.07 g/mol, so 1.114g / 62.07 g/mol = 0.0179 moles of ethylene glycol. The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol, so 1.00g / 18.02 g/mol = 0.0555 moles of water.
The mole fraction (X) of a substance is the number of moles of that substance divided by the total number of moles of all substances in the solution. So, X_ethylene glycol = 0.0179 / (0.0179 + 0.0555) = 0.244.
Finally, to express concentration of ethylene glycol as molality, we use the formula molality = moles of solute/kg of solvent. Hence, molality = 0.0179 moles/1g = 0.0179 mol/kg.
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Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone (c3h6o) with oxygen (o2) to form carbon dioxide (co2) and water (h2o). select one:
a. c3h6o + 4 o2 ® 3 co2 + 3 h2o.
b. 3 co2 + 3 h2o ® c3h6o + 4 o2.
c. 6 c3h6o + 8 o2 ® 6 co2 + 6 h2o.
d. c3h6o + o2 ® co2 + h2o.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone (C3H6O) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) is C3H6O + 4 O2 → 3 CO2 + 3 H2O (option a). It preserves mass and element conservation.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone (C3H6O) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) is:
a. C3H6O + 4 O2 → 3 CO2 + 3 H2O.
In this balanced equation, the number of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms on both sides is the same, ensuring that mass and element conservation are maintained.
Explanation:
- On the left side (reactants), there is one molecule of acetone (C3H6O) and four molecules of oxygen (O2).
- On the right side (products), there are three molecules of carbon dioxide (3 CO2) and three molecules of water (3 H2O).
This equation satisfies the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of elements because the number of each type of atom (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) remains the same on both sides of the equation. Option (a) is the correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
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if the theoretical yield of RX is 56.0 g , what is the percent yield ?
if the theoretical yield of RX is 56.0 g , what is it’s percent yield ?b
What does it mean for a solution to be saturated
A. No more solute can be dissolved
B. The Concentration can be increased
C. No more solvent can be dissolved
D. The Solution can dissolve more substances
What bonds to cytosine (C) in DNA.
What is the maximum mass of sugar that could be dissolved in 1.3 l of water?
PLEASE HELP ME BABES AND ASAP PLEASE!!
What special structures are needed for green plants?
A.chloroplasts and chlorophyll
B. stems and roots
C. cotyledon and embryo
D. flowers and spores
What happens during the light reaction of photosynthesis?
A.Water molecules combine to make food.
B.Air and water create energy for a plant.
C.Carbon dioxide is combined with glucose.
D. Water molecules split apart.