The molar solubility of CaSO4 in a solution containing 0.100 M Na2SO4 is 2.4 x 10−4 M, calculated using the Ksp value and the concentration of sulfate ions due to the common ion effect.
Explanation:The molar solubility of CaSO4 in a solution containing 0.100 M Na2SO4 can be calculated using the solubility product constant (Ksp) and the concept of common ion effect. The solubility product expression for CaSO4 can be written as Ksp = [Ca²+ ][SO4²−]. Since the sodium sulfate solution already contains sulfate ions, we will consider the concentration of [SO4²−] as 0.100 M given in the question. The equation simplifies to Ksp = [Ca²+]*0.100. Therefore, the molar solubility is [Ca²+]= Ksp/0.100 which is 2.4 x 10−5/0.100 = 2.4 x 10−4 M. This suggests that in a 0.100 M Na2SO4 solution, additional CaSO4 would start precipitating when the [Ca²+] reaches 2.4 x 10−4 M.
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The molar solubility of CaSO₄ in a solution containing 0.100 M Na₂SO₄, with a Ksp of 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ is 2.4 × 10⁻⁴ M, which is lower than in pure water due to the common ion effect.
Calculating the molar solubility of calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) in a solution containing 0.100 M sodium sulfate Na₂SO₄ given the solubility product constant (Ksp) for CaSO₄ is 2.4 × 10⁻⁵.
Because Na₂SO₄ dissociates into 2 Na⁺ and 1 SO₄²⁻ in solution, the concentration of SO₄²⁻ due to Na₂SO₄ is 0.100 M. Since the solution is already saturated with sulfate ions, the molar solubility of CaSO₄ will be different from its solubility in pure water. The common ion effect will reduce the solubility of CaSO₄ in the solution.
To find the molar solubility of CaSO₄, let's set up the equation based on the Ksp expression:
Ksp = [Ca²⁺] [SO₄²⁻]
Since the concentration of SO₄²⁻ from Na₂SO₄ is already 0.100 M, and the Ksp for CaSO₄ is 2.4 × 10⁻⁵, the molar solubility of CaSO₄ in this solution is calculated as:
Ksp = (s) × (0.100 M)
2.4 × 10⁻⁵ = (s) × (0.100 M)
s = 2.4 × 10⁻⁴ M
Therefore, the molar solubility of CaSO₄ in a 0.100 M Na₂SO₄ solution is 2.4 × 10⁻⁴M.
b) How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 16 carbon atoms?
How much energy is required to vaporize 185 g of butane at its boiling point? the heat of vaporization for butane is 23.1 kj/mol?
Approximately 73.5 kJ of energy is required to vaporize 185 g of butane at its boiling point.
Explanation:The amount of energy required to vaporize a substance can be calculated using the formula Q = n * ΔHvap, where Q is the amount of energy required, n is the number of moles of the substance, and ΔHvap is the heat of vaporization. To calculate the number of moles of butane, we divide the mass of butane by its molar mass. Using the given heat of vaporization for butane (23.1 kJ/mol), we can calculate the amount of energy required. First, we calculate the number of moles of butane:
n = 185 g / 58.12 g/mol = 3.18 mol
Next, we calculate the amount of energy required:
Q = 3.18 mol * 23.1 kJ/mol ≈ 73.5 kJ
Therefore, approximately 73.5 kJ of energy is required to vaporize 185 g of butane at its boiling point.
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Based on conductivity values, classify the compounds in each set of solutions as molecular, ionic, or acids. what is the level of dissociation (complete, varying, or none) of each set
A certain compound is made up of one carbon (c) atom, two bromine (br) atoms, and one oxygen (o) atom. what is the chemical formula of this compound
Answer:
The chemical formula of the compound will be COBr2.
Further details:
• The chemical formula of the compound is COBr2.
• The IUPAC name is Carbonic Dibromide
• The common name of the compound is Bromophosgene
As we know Carbon has the propensity to form four covalent bonds, Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and Bromine can form a single bond. Keeping this in mind we can say that in given compound carbon are making two single bonds with two bromine atoms and a double bond with oxygen atom. So, the valencies of all essentials in the given compound are fulfilled and accomplished.
Formation of Carbon dibromide:
Carbonyl bromide is made when carbon tetrabromide is melted and concentrated sulfuric acid is added.
In compare to phosgene, carbonyl bromide cannot be twisted efficiently from carbon monoxide and bromine. A complete alteration is not possible due to thermodynamic causes. Additionally, the reaction
CO + Br2 ⇌ COBr2
Answer details:
Subject: Chemistry
Level: College
Keywords:
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The mineral enargite is 48.41% cu, 19.02% as, and 32.57% s by mass. what is the empirical formula of enargite?
Balance the reactions which form ions. Choose "blank" if no other coefficient is needed. Writing the symbol implies "1."
1) (NH4)2CO3 ____ NH4 +_____ + CO3 -2
2) PbI2 _____ Pb+2 +______ I+1
3) (NH4)3PO4 ______ NH4 + _____ + PO4 +3
An aqueous solution of ____ will produce a basic solution.
a. nh4clo4
b. kbr
c. nacl
d. na2co3
e. nahco3
Hydrolysis of [tex]NH_{4}ClO_{4}[/tex] is given as:
[tex]NH_{4}ClO_{4}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons NH_{4}OH + HClO_{4}[/tex]
Here, [tex]NH_{4}OH[/tex] is a weak base and [tex]HClO_{4}[/tex] is a strong acid. Thus, solution is more acidic
Hydrolysis of [tex]KBr[/tex] is given as:
[tex]KBr+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons KOH + HBr[/tex]
Here, [tex]KOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]HBr[/tex] is a strong acid.Thus, solution is neutral.
Hydrolysis of [tex]NaCl[/tex] is given as:
[tex]NaCl+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons NaOH + HCl[/tex]
Here, [tex]NaOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]HCl[/tex] is a strong acid.Thus, solution is neutral.
[tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}+2H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons 2NaOH + H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
Here, [tex]NaOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is a weak acid.Thus, solution is basic.
[tex]NaHCO_{3}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons NaOH + H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
Here, [tex]NaOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is a weak acid.Thus, solution is basic.
Hence, an aqueous solution of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] and [tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] will produce a basic solution.
A sample of ammonia (nh3) gas is completely decomposed to nitrogen and hydrogen gases over heated iron wool. if the total pressure is 853 mmhg after the reaction, calculate the partial pressures of n2 and h2. enter your answers in scientific notation.
The partial pressures of nitrogen and hydrogen, after decomposing ammonia are calculated using the reaction stoichiometry and Avogadro's law. The nitrogen's partial pressure is 2.1325 x 102 mmHg and the hydrogen's partial pressure is 6.3975 x 102 mmHg.
Explanation:To calculate the partial pressures of N2 and H2, we will depend on the reaction stoichiometry given by the equation N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) = 2NH3(g). In this chemical reaction, one molecule of nitrogen gas reacts with three molecules of hydrogen gas to produce two molecules of ammonia gas. An important thing to remember here is that gases react in definite and simple proportions by volume, which is derived from Avogadro's law.
The decomposition of ammonia produces 1 volume of nitrogen for every 3 volumes of hydrogen - so, in a decomposed sample, the hydrogen will always be three times as concentrated as the nitrogen. So if we let nitrogen's partial pressure be x, the hydrogen's will be 3x. As the total pressure is given as 853 mmHg, it will be the sum of the nitrogen and hydrogen pressures and we can write:
x + 3x = 853,
Solving for x gives x = 213.25 mmHg, so the nitrogen's partial pressure is 213.25 mmHg and hydrogen's pressure is 3 * 213.25 = 639.75 mmHg. Therefore, the partial pressures of nitrogen and hydrogen are 2.1325 x 102 mmHg and 6.3975 x 102 mmHg respectively in scientific notation.
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1. If you have 4.0 g of a radioactive substance left after 4 half-lives have passed, then how much did you have originally?
a. 50 g
b. 64 g
c. 25 g
d. 10 g
2. If a fusion reaction yields 4.50 x 10^9 kJ of energy, then how much mass was lost?
a. 5.00 x 10^-5 kg
b. 1.50 x 10^-6 kg
c. 1.50 x 10^-3 kg
d. 5.00 x 10^-2 kg
3. For the transmutation shown, which of the following is X? (The first number is on top on the actual answer.)
a. 3 1 H
b. 6 3 Li
c. 1 1 H
d. 4 2 He
5. Which of the following energy yields is most likely to have come from a fission or fusion reaction?
a. 1.0 x 10^2 kJ/mol
b. 2.5 x 10^2 kJ/mol
c. 1.5 x 10^3 kJ/mol
d. 2.0 x 10^11 kJ/mol
Final answer:
After 4 half-lives, a radioactive substance initially weighing 64 g would be reduced to 4.0 g. The mass lost during a fusion reaction that yields 4.50 x 10^9 kJ is 5.00 x 10^-5 kg. The energy yield most likely from a fission or fusion reaction is 2.0 x 10^11 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
To solve each problem, we need to understand the concept of half-life, which is the time required for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive substance to decay. We also use Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle for converting between mass lost and energy produced.
Question 1:
If you have 4.0 g of a radioactive substance left after 4 half-lives have passed, the original amount can be found by doubling the remaining mass for each half-life. So, after 1 half-life, we would have 8 g; after 2 half-lives, 16 g; after 3 half-lives, 32 g; and after 4 half-lives, 64 g.
Answer: b. 64 g
Question 2:
Using the formula E=mc2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light, we can rearrange to find m=E/c2. Plugging in the given energy and the value for the speed of light, we find that 4.50 x 109 kJ of energy corresponds to a mass loss of 5.00 x 10-5 kg.
Answer: a. 5.00 x 10
-5 kg
Question 5:
Fission and fusion reactions typically release a vast amount of energy compared to chemical reactions. Option d, which represents an energy yield of 2.0 x 1011 kJ/mol, is far greater than the others and is thus most likely to be from a fission or fusion reaction.
Answer: d. 2.0 x 10
11 kJ/mol
How many grams of argon would it take to fill a light bulb with a volume of 0.475 l at stp?
To find the amount of argon to fill a 0.475 L light bulb at STP, one must calculate the number of moles using the ideal gas law and then multiply by the molar mass of argon to convert moles to grams.
Explanation:To determine how many grams of argon it would take to fill a light bulb with a volume of 0.475 L at STP (standard temperature and pressure), we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. At STP, P is 1 atm and T is 273.15 K. The volume of the light bulb is already given as 0.475 L.
First, we can find the number of moles of argon that would occupy the 0.475 L volume at STP. The gas constant R in units that match our pressure in atm, volume in liters, and temperature in Kelvin is 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol. Therefore, n = PV / RT = (1 atm × 0.475 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol × 273.15 K). Calculating this value gives us the number of moles of argon.
Now, to find the mass in grams, we need to use the molar mass of argon which is 39.95 g/mol. The mass m can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles n by the molar mass of argon. The mass m = n × molar mass of argon will give us the final answer in grams.
A reactant decomposes with a half-life of 137 s when its initial concentration is 0.165 m. when the initial concentration is 0.722 m, this same reactant decomposes with the same half-life of 137 s.
The formation of an ionic bond involves a number of different processes. in the formation of sodium chloride, represented by the equation given below, two steps result in a release of energy. choose those two steps. (yes, you fill in two bubbles on your scantron for this question. you must choose both correct answers to receive credit for the question.) 2na(s) + cl2(g) → 2nacl(s)
a. attraction of na+ and cl– to form nacl.
b. removal of an electron from na.
c. the addition of an electron to each cl atom
d. conversion of na(s) to na(g).
e. dissociation of cl2 to form 2 cl atoms.
In the formation of sodium chloride, two steps result in a release of energy: attraction of Na+ and Cl- to form NaCl, and the conversion of Na(s) to Na(g) as the sodium atom donates an electron to chlorine atoms.
Explanation:The formation of an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. In the case of sodium chloride (NaCl), two steps result in a release of energy. The first step is the attraction of Na+ and Cl- ions to form NaCl. The second step is the conversion of Na(s) to Na(g) as the sodium atom donates an electron to chlorine atoms.
Based on the values you obtained for δh∘rxn, which of the reactions would you expect to be thermodynamically favorable and which would be unfavorable? no. reactions δh∘f(kj) 1 ag+(aq)+li(s)→ag(s)+li+(aq) −384.4 2 fe(s)+2na+(aq)→fe2+(aq)+2na(s) 392.3 3 2k(s)+2h2o(l)→2koh(aq)+h2(g) −393.1
Based on the values of δH°rxn, reactions can be classified as thermodynamically favorable or unfavorable. Reaction 1 and reaction 3 are thermodynamically favorable, while reaction 2 is thermodynamically unfavorable.
Explanation:Based on the values of δH°rxn, we can determine whether a reaction is thermodynamically favorable or unfavorable. A negative δH°rxn indicates a thermodynamically favorable reaction, while a positive δH°rxn indicates a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction. Let's analyze the given reactions:
ag+(aq) + li(s) → ag(s) + li+(aq): δH°rxn = -384.4 kJ/mol (negative, thermodynamically favorable)fe(s) + 2na+(aq) → fe2+(aq) + 2na(s): δH°rxn = 392.3 kJ/mol (positive, thermodynamically unfavorable)2k(s) + 2h2o(l) → 2koh(aq) + h2(g): δH°rxn = -393.1 kJ/mol (negative, thermodynamically favorable)Therefore, reaction 1 and reaction 3 are thermodynamically favorable, while reaction 2 is thermodynamically unfavorable.
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What is formed from 2 pieces of different metals stuck together lengthwise?
An alloy, such as brass or bronze, is formed when two pieces of different metals are stuck together lengthwise. These materials combine the properties of the constituent metals, often resulting in superior characteristics.
Explanation:When two pieces of different metals are stuck together lengthwise, the resulting material is known as an alloy. An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, with at least one being a metal. Some common examples of alloys include brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) and bronze (an alloy of copper and tin). These combinations of metals result in a material with properties that are superior to the pure metals themselves. For example, bronze, first used around 2400 B.C., is harder and more durable than either of its constituent metals, copper and tin.
The material formed from sticking two different metals together lengthwise is called an alloy. Alloys like bronze and brass are mixtures of two or more elements that possess improved properties compared to the pure component metals.
Explanation:When two pieces of different metals are stuck together lengthwise, the material formed is known as an alloy. An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. Alloys are designed to have properties superior to those of the pure metals from which they are made. For example, bronze is a well-known alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin. The creation of alloys like bronze and brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, exemplifies how metals can be combined to achieve desired physical and chemical properties for various applications, from tools and weapons to musical instruments.
When hot lava reaches seawater, the salts in the water react with the steam to form gaseous hydrochloride acid. You are given a unbalanced chemical equation for one such reaction and the volume of HCI(g) produced. Explain how you would find the mass of solid sea salt needed to produce the given gas volume.
To find the mass of solid sea salt needed to produce the given gas volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl), we need to use a balanced chemical equation and the molar ratio between the reactants. The volume of HCl(g) can be converted to moles using the ideal gas law, and then the moles of the other reactant can be calculated using the molar ratio. The mass of the solid sea salt can be found by converting the moles to grams using the molar mass.
Explanation:To find the mass of solid sea salt needed to produce the given gas volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl), we need to use the balanced chemical equation. The equation you provided is not directly related to the reaction between hot lava and seawater, so it cannot be used to determine the mass of sea salt. However, we can use the equation HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) → H2O(l) + MgCl2(aq) as an example.
In this equation, we can see that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of Mg(OH)2 and produces 1 mole of water. From the equation, we can calculate the molar ratio between HCl and Mg(OH)2.
If we know the volume of HCl(g) produced, we can use the ideal gas law to convert it to moles. Then, using the molar ratio, we can calculate the moles of Mg(OH)2 needed. Finally, we can convert the moles of Mg(OH)2 to grams using its molar mass to find the mass of solid sea salt needed.
which of the following is a correctly written thermochemical equation
Answer:
A - 4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2Fe₂O₃(s), ∆H = -3,926kj
Explanation:
Thermochemical equations:
Are balanced chemical equationsInclude the physical states of all reactants and productsIncludes the enthalpy change of the reactionThe correct thermochemical equation is :
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) ---> Fe₂O₃(s) ΔH = -3,926 kJ. The correct option is first.
The thermochemical equation is the equation which is balanced chemical equation that shows magnitude of the enthalpy value The enthalpy value with the sign that is the positive sign means it is endothermic process, and the negative sign is an exothermic process.
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) ---> Fe₂O₃(s) ΔH = -3,926 kJ
This is the thermochemical equation.
NH₄Cl --> NH₄⁺ +Cl⁻
This is not the thermochemical as it does not the enthalpy value.
C₃H₈(g) + O₂(g) ---> CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) ΔH = -2,220 kJ/mol
This is also not the thermochemical equation.
2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 18H₂O ΔH = - 5,471 kJ/mol
This is not the thermochemical equation it is not balanced equation. The first option is correct.
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According to the balanced chemical equation, how many atoms of silver will be produced from combining 100 g of copper with 200 g of silver nitrate?
Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation reveals that 100g of copper reacting with 200g of silver nitrate yields 6.022 × 10^23 atoms of silver.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper (Cu) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) is:
Cu (s) + 2AgNO₃ (aq) → Cu(NO₃)² (aq) + 2Ag (s)
From the equation, when 100g of copper reacts with 200g of silver nitrate, it will produce 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of silver.
What type of bond would form between two atoms of phosphorus?
A. Triple covalent bond
B. Single ionic bond
C. Double covalent bond
D. Single covalent bond
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Non-metals are the substances which tend to gain electrons from a donor atom in order to attain stability.
For example, atomic number of phosphorous is 15 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 5.
As it contains 5 valence electrons electrons therefore, it needs 3 more electrons in order to attain stability.
Hence, when one phosphorous atom combines with another phosphorous atom then it results in sharing of electrons. So, there will be formation a triple bond between the two phosphorous atoms.
Also, there will be one lone pair of electron on each phosphorous atom.
Thus, we can conclude that triple covalent bond would form between two atoms of phosphorus.
What are the concentrations of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in household ammonia, an aqueous solution of nh3 that has a ph of 11.50?
Note: hydrogen ion concentration = 3.16 x 10⁻¹² M
hydroxide ion concentration = 3.16 x 10⁻³ M
pH NH₃ = 11.50
Asked: concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in household ammonia?
Answer: pH (NH₃) = 11.50.
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = 10∧ (-pH)
[H⁺] = 10∧ (-11.5)
[H⁺] = 3.16 · 10⁻¹² M
[H⁺] x [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ M² ÷ 3.16 x 10⁻¹² M
[OH⁻] = 0.00316 M = 3.16 x 10⁻³ M
Thus, the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in household ammonia is 3.16 · 10⁻³M
Further ExplanationIn chemistry, concentration is a measure that describes the amount of substance in a mixture divided by the total volume of the mixture. There are four kinds of quantitative descriptions of concentration, namely mass concentration, molar concentration, total concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to all types of mixtures, but it is most often used to describe the amount of solute in the solution. Molar concentrations have variations such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration.
Solution Concentration
Concentration is a way to express the quantitative relationship between solute and solvent. Expressing the concentration of the solution there are several types, including:
1. MOL FRACTION
The mole fraction is the ratio between the number of moles of a component with the number of moles of all components contained in a solution.
The mole fraction is denoted by X.
2. PERCENT WEIGHT
Percent weight states the gram weight of the solute in 100 grams of solution.
3. MOLALITY (m)
Molality states the mole of solute in 1000 grams of solvent.
4. MOLARITY (M)
Molarity states the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution.
5. NORMALITY (N)
Normality represents the number of moles equivalent of solute in 1 liter of solution. For acids, 1 mole is equivalent to 1 mole of H + ions. For bases, 1 mole is equivalent to 1 mole of OH- ion.
Between Normality and Molarity there is a relationship:
N = M x valence
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The highest energy occupied molecular orbital in the b−b bond of the b2 molecule is _____
Answer:
Π2py and Π2pz
Explanation:
In the molecular orbital electron configuration of the boron molecule B2, the electrons are arranged as follows:
KK,σ2s^2,σ*2s^2, Π2py , Π2pz.
The two highest level orbitals are degenerate and are both singly occupied in the boron molecule as shown in the molecular orbital electron configuration above.
Note KK refers to the core electrons.
Nitric acid, hno3, dissociates in water to form nitrate ions and hydronium ions. what change in hybridization of the nitrogen atom occurs in this dissociation
Final answer:
The nitrogen atom in HNO3 and the resulting nitrate ion after dissociation in water both exhibit sp² hybridization. Thus, there is no change in hybridization of the nitrogen atom during this dissociation process.
Explanation:
When nitric acid, HNO3, dissociates in water, the nitrogen atom undergoes a change in hybridization. In nitric acid, the nitrogen is sp² hybridized as it is bonded to three oxygen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. Upon dissociation into nitrate ions (NO3⁻) and hydronium ions (H3O⁺), the nitrogen atom in the nitrate ion becomes sp² hybridized as the lone pair used to create the coordinate bond with hydrogen in HNO3 is lost and replaced by a bond with an oxygen atom to form the nitrate ion. Therefore, the hybridization of nitrogen does not change; it remains sp² before and after dissociation in water.
Given the reaction:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
The oxidation number of Zn(s) increases because it
A) loses electrons
B) gains electrons
C) loses protons
D) gains protons
Redox reaction is the chemical reaction in which both oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) takes place or transfer of electrons between two species occurs.
The given chemical equation is :
[tex]Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_{2}(aq)+H_{2}(g)[/tex]
Here, in reactant side, the oxidation state of zinc is zero (0), after reacting with hydrogen chloride, the oxidation sate of zinc becomes two (+2). In this reaction, electrons are transferred from zinc atoms to the hydrogen atoms. Thus, zinc is oxidized by losing electrons.
Hence, oxidation state of zinc increases due to loses electrons i.e. Option (A) is correct.
How much heat is evolved in converting 1.00 mol of steam at 155.0 ∘c to ice at -50.0 ∘c? the heat capacity of steam is 2.01 j/(g⋅∘c) and of ice is 2.09 j/(g⋅∘c)?
A compound is found to contain 49.5% carbon, 5.19% hydrogen, 16.5% oxygen, and 28.9% nitrogen. its molecular mass is 194.2 g/mol. what is its empirical formula? what is its molecular formula? explain what each of these formulas tells us about the molecule. (lesson 6)
Sodium is an atom represented as na+. what does the "+" represent?
The '+' in Na+ represents a positive charge which indicates that the sodium atom has lost one electron and has become a sodium cation with more protons than electrons.
Explanation:The "+" in a sodium atom represented as Na+ signifies that the atom has lost an electron and, therefore, has a net positive charge. In its neutral state, a sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, giving it no overall charge. However, when a sodium atom loses an electron, as in the case of the sodium cation (Na+), it then has one more proton (11) than electrons (10), resulting in an overall positive charge, which is indicated by the plus sign. This positively charged sodium is referred to as a sodium cation.
Sodium cations are common in many chemical reactions and play significant roles in biological systems, such as in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. The propensity for sodium to lose an electron and form a Na+ cation is due to the energy consideration that it's easier for sodium to lose one electron from its outermost shell than to gain seven more in order to fill it.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Delocalized electrons conduct electricity poorly.
B. There is a strong attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of electrons.
C. Metals with a delocalized electron sea break apart when struck instead of bending.
D. Metals have high melting points and low boiling points.
Answer: B. There is a strong attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of electrons.
Explanation: Delocalized electrons conduct electricity with high potentil as the electrons are not localized in on place. Thus statement A is wrong.
Metals with a delocalized electron sea doesnot break apart when struck instaed of bending. Thus statement C is also wrong.
Metals donot have high melting point rather they have low melting point.
Statement B is true as there is a strong attraction beween positively charged metal ions and the sea of electrons.
You have a racemic mixture of d-2-butanol and l-2-butanol. the d isomer rotates polarized light by +13.5∘. what is the rotation of the polarization of light of your mixture? express your answer in degrees.
A racemic mixture of d-2-butanol and l-2-butanol has no net optical rotation, resulting in a rotation of 0 degrees.
A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of enantiomers, which in this case are d-2-butanol and l-2-butanol.
When the d and l isomers are present in equal amounts, as they are in a racemic mixture, their optical activities cancel each other out. This is because the rotation caused by one enantiomer is exactly counteracted by the rotation caused by the other enantiomer. Therefore, the overall rotation of polarized light by the racemic mixture is the sum of the individual rotations:
Rotation of d-2-butanol: +13.5 degrees
Rotation of l-2-butanol: -13.5 degrees
Sum of rotations: +13.5 degrees + (-13.5 degrees) = 0 degrees
Thus, the racemic mixture does not rotate polarized light, and the rotation of the polarization of light of the mixture is 0 degrees.
Which of the following would be expected to form ionic solutions in water?
CO2
C
NaI
CCl4
O2
NaI-Sodium Iodide
Explanation;Ionic solutions are solutions that are formed when ionic compounds dissolve in a solvent such as a water.Ionic compounds are compounds that are formed as a result of transfer of electrons between non metal atoms and metal atoms, thus forming an ionic bond. When an ionic compound such as sodium iodide dissolves in water, it dissociates into cations, sodium ions, and anions, iodide ions.what causes a dipole-dipole force?
A. An attraction between two nonpolar molecules through Van der Waals forces.
B. An attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another.
C. An attraction between two metal atoms
D. An attraction between two ions within a solid
Answer:
b. an attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another
Explanation:
An attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another. Hence, option B is correct.
What is dipole-dipole force?Dipole-Dipole forces are the interaction between molecules of the permanent dipole. It occurs between the partially charged positive molecules and partially charged negative molecules.
Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.
Hence, an attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another is a cause of dipole-dipole force.
Hence, option B is correct.
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