Like He, the Li2+ ion is a single-electron system (Problem 5.94). What wavelength of light in nm must be absorbed to
promote the electron in Li2+ from n = 1 to n = 4?​

Answer:

81.732KJ

Explanation:

Reaction : CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g), +556KJ

⇒To decompose 1 mole of CaCO₃, 556KJ of energy is required

The molecular weight of CaCO₃ is 40 + 12 + 3×16

⇒ molecular weight of CaCO₃ = 100 g

∴ 100 g of CaCO₃ requires 556KJ of energy

Need to find out how much energy is required by 14.7 g of CaCO₃

⇒ [tex]\frac{100}{14.7}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{556}{E}[/tex]

⇒ E = [tex]\frac{556}{100}[/tex]×14.7 KJ = 81.732 KJ

∴ Energy required to decompose 14.7 g of CaCO₃ is 81.732 KJ

Answer:

81.732 kilo Joules of energy is required to decompose 14.7 grams of calcium carbonate.

Explanation:

Moles of calcium carbonate = [tex]\frac{14.7 g}{100 g/mol}=0.147 mol[/tex]

[tex]CaCO_3(s) + 556 kJ\rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)[/tex]

According to reaction, 1 mole of calcium carbonate requires 556 kilo Joules of energy to decompose:

Then 0.147 moles of calcium carbonate will need:

[tex]0.147 \times 556 kJ=81.732 kJ[/tex]

81.732 kilo Joules of energy is required to decompose 14.7 grams of calcium carbonate.

Answer:

C. Blindness

Explanation:

Just took the test, hope I can help!

Shaken Baby Syndrome causes the death of many young children. Shaken infant syndrome survivors may need lifetime medical treatment for issues like Partial or complete blindness.

Developmental delays, academic difficulties, or behavioral concerns. intellectual handicap epilepsy diseases. Movement and muscle coordination are both impacted by cerebral palsy, a condition.

The brain and vision are severely injured by the shaken baby syndrome. Although retinal hemorrhages are very common, brain damage is more frequently the cause of vision loss. On presentation, the patient's pupillary response and visual response displayed a strong connection with survival.

This can happen when wounded nerve cells release chemicals that worsen your child's brain's lack of oxygen. Retinal bleeding: backward bleeding in your child's retinas

Thus, option C is correct.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

Answer:

2.1 M KOH is required.

Explanation:

It is an example of acid-base neutralization reaction.

KOH  +  HBr  ---->  KBr  +  [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]

Base     Acid           Salt        

When two component react then the number of moles of both the component should be same, therefore the number of moles and acids and bases should be the same in the following .

Molarity= [tex]\frac{\textrm{No. of moles}}{\textrm{Volume of the particular solution}}[/tex]

No.of moles= Molarity × Volume of the Particular Solution

Therefore,

[tex]M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]------------------------------(1)

where

[tex]M_{1}[/tex]= Molarity of Acid

[tex]V_{1}[/tex]= Volume of Acid

[tex]M_{2}[/tex]= Molarity of Base

[tex]V_{2}[/tex]= Volume of Base

[tex]M_{1}[/tex]=3.5 M

[tex]V_{1}[/tex]=15 mL

[tex]V_{2}[/tex]=25 mL

[tex]M_{2}[/tex]=??(in M)

Plugging in Equation 1,

3.5 × 15 = [tex]M_{2} [/tex] × 25

[tex]M_{2} [/tex]=[tex]\frac{3.5 * 15}{25}[/tex]

[tex]M_{2} [/tex]=2.1 M

A fine powder dissolves quickly, this solution can more quickly be absorbed and begin working. Therefore, the correct option is option D.

The term "dissolution" refers to the action of dissolving or creating a solution. When a solute dissolves, it splits into atoms or molecules, with molecules of the solvent surrounding each ion or molecule. Solvation is the term used to describe interactions between solvent molecules and solute particle.

Solutes are the other elements of the solution that are present at comparatively lower concentrations. Several headache medications are consumed after being dissolved in water from fine powders. These drugs assert that they function more quickly than other drugs. This is true as  a fine powder dissolves quickly, this solution can more quickly be absorbed and begin working.

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

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Final answer:

The calculated density of the water sample should be reported with two significant figures, which is the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures used in the calculation (the volume in this case).

Explanation:

When determining the number of significant figures in a calculated density, you must look at the measurements used in the calculation. In this case, the mass of the water sample is given as 1.060 g which has four significant figures, and the volume is 1.0 mL which has two significant figures. According to the rules for significant figures, the number of significant figures in the result of a division should be the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures. Therefore, the density calculated should be reported with two significant figures.

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{E) 721 K; B) 86.7 g}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Question 7.

We can use the Combined Gas Laws to solve this question.

a) Data

p₁ = 1.88 atm; p₂ = 2.50 atm

V₁ = 285 mL;  V₂ = 435 mL

T₁ = 355 K;     T₂ = ?

b) Calculation

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}\dfrac{p_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}& =&\dfrac{p_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}\\\\\dfrac{1.88\times285}{355} &= &\dfrac{2.50\times 435}{T_{2}}\\\\1.509& = &\dfrac{1088}{T_{2}}\\\\1.509T_{2} & = & 1088\\T_{2} & = & \dfrac{1088}{1.509}\\\\ & = & \textbf{721K}\\\end{array}\\\text{The gas must be heated to $\large \boxed{\textbf{721 K}}$}[/tex]

Question 8. I

We can use the Ideal Gas Law to solve this question.

pV = nRT

n = m/M

pV = (m/M)RT = mRT/M

a) Data:

p = 4.58 atm

V = 13.0 L

R = 0.082 06 L·atm·K⁻¹mol⁻¹

T = 385 K

M = 46.01 g/mol

(b) Calculation

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}pV & = & \dfrac{mRT}{M}\\\\4.58 \times 13.0 & = & \dfrac{m\times 0.08206\times 385}{46.01}\\\\59.54 & = & 0.6867m\\m & = & \dfrac{59.54}{0.6867 }\\\\ & = & \textbf{86.7 g}\\\end{array}\\\text{The mass of NO$_{2}$ is $\large \boxed{\textbf{86.7 g}}$}[/tex]

Answer:

Use the formula q = m·ΔHv in which q = heat energy, m = mass, and ΔHv = heat of vaporization.

Explanation:

:)

Final answer:

The formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization is heat = m × AHvap, and for fusion is heat = n × ΔΗfus. The heat energy for a liquid can be calculated using the equation q = mcAT.

Explanation:

The formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization is heat = m × AHvap, where m is the mass in grams and AHvap is expressed in energy/gram. The formula for the heat energy for fusion is heat = n × ΔΗfus, where n is the number of moles of material and ΔΗfus is the heat of fusion per mole. The heat energy for a liquid can be calculated using the equation q = mcAT, where q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the liquid, c is the specific heat capacity of the liquid, and AT is the change in temperature.

Answer:

Explanation:

Physical property:

Physical properties involve that property of matter which can be observed without changing the identity or undergoing chemical change or any other reaction. For example, taste, color, odor, density etc.

Chemical property:

Chemical properties observed during the chemical reaction. These properties changed the identity of substance.  For example, reactivity, stability, oxidation state, flammability etc.

A) Hydrogen is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas.

This statement shows the physical property of hydrogen.

B) Hydrogen is very combustible in the presence of oxygen.

This statement shows the chemical property of hydrogen

C) Hydrogen is very reactive with most elements.

This statement shows the chemical property of hydrogen

D) Hydrogen is the least dense of all elements.

This statement shows the physical property of hydrogen.

Answer:

for people doing ed

Explanation:

1. physical

2. chemical

3. chemical

4. physical

Answer: four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom to form methane (CH4)

Explanation: Study island

The elements most likely to form a covalent compound are four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom to form methane (CH4). For an ionic compound, lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride (LiF).

Atoms of different elements can combine chemically to form compounds, primarily through ionic or covalent bonding. The elements most likely to form a compound bound tightly together with covalent bonds are none other than non-metals which share electrons. The answer to the question 'Which of the following elements would be most likely to form a compound bound tightly together with covalent bonding?' is C, which involves four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom forming methane (CH4). Methane is an example of a molecule formed with covalent bonds where the central carbon atom shares electrons with four hydrogen atoms.

Regarding which two elements could form an ionic compound, the answer would be C: 3 lithium and 9 fluorine. Lithium, being a metal, tends to lose electrons, while fluorine, a non-metal, has a tendency to gain electrons. This transfer of electrons from lithium to fluorine forms an ionic compound known as lithium fluoride (LiF).

Answer:

Avogadro says one mole of particles contain 6.02 x 10^23 particles. Hence, 2 moles of water molecules contains 2 x 6.02 x 10^23 molecules.

Explanation:

Answer:

one mole of particles contain 6.02 x 10^23 particles. Consequently, 2 moles of water particles contain 2 x 6.02 x 10^23 atoms.

Explanation:

Answer:

8.2x10^22 molecules ( 1 mol / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules ) ( 789.44 g / 1 mol ) = 107.50 grams N2I6

Explanation:

Answer:

(a) The rate at which ammonia being formed = 0.0493 M/s

(b) The rate at which molecular nitrogen reacting = 0.0247 M/s

Explanation:

[tex]N_{2}+3H_{2}\longrightarrow2NH_{3}[/tex]

The rate at which molecular hydrogen is reacting = [tex]\frac{d}{dt}[H_{2}]=0.074\:M/s[/tex]

The rate of the above reaction can be expressed as:

[tex]rate=-\frac{d}{dt}[N_{2}]=-\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{dt}[H_{2}]=\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt}[NH_{3}][/tex]

(a) [tex]\frac{d}{dt}[NH_{3}]=\frac{2}{3}(0.074)=0.0493[/tex]

The rate at which ammonia being formed = 0.0493 M/s

(b) [tex]-\frac{d}{dt}[N_{2}]=\frac{1}{3}(0.074)=0.0247[/tex]

The rate at which molecular nitrogen reacting = 0.0247 M/s

Answer:

0.5 moles of HgO will produced 0.25 moles of oxygen

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of moles of HgO = 0.5 mol

Number of moles of oxygen = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation;

2HgO   →  2Hg + O₂

WE will compare the moles of HgO with oxygen from balance chemical equation.

                                HgO        :         O₂

                                   2           :          1

                                    0.5       :          1/2×0.5 =0.25 mol

So 0.5 moles of HgO will produced 0.25 moles of oxygen.

5175 Newtons

We are given;

We are required to calculate the work input;

Input force =Output force ÷ Mechanical advantage

Input force = 345 N × 15

                  = 5175 Newtons

Thus, the work input of a pulley system is 5175 N

Answer:

well she can test both of the soap by putting one on and plate and another on the other plate and which ever is cleaner is your answer

Answer:

If the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms are too much high ionic bonds are formed if the electronegativity diference is 0.4 or less than 0.4 non polar covalnet bond formed the difference greater than 0.4 polar covalent bond formed.

Explanation:

Ionic bond:

It is the bond which is formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to the atom of another element.  

Both bonded atoms have very large electronegativity difference. The atom with large electronegativity value accept the electron from other with smaller value of electronegativity.

For example:

Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion.

Covalent bond:

It is formed by the sharing of electron pair between bonded atoms.  

The atom with larger electronegativity attract the electron pair more towards it self and becomes partial negative while the other atom becomes partial positive.

For example:

In water the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44 and hydrogen is 2.2. That's why electron pair attracted more towards oxygen, thus oxygen becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive.

Structure of  2-methylpropane is CH₃─CH(CH₃)─CH₃.

to draw the structure of 2-methylpropane.

To draw the structure of 2-methylpropane:

1. Start with a propane backbone, which consists of a chain of three carbon atoms.

2. Identify the position of the methyl (CH₃) group at the second carbon atom in the chain.

3. Attach the methyl group to the second carbon atom to represent 2-methylpropane.

By following these steps, you can accurately draw the structure of 2-methylpropane.

Answer:

T₂ = 16.7  °C

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume = 150.0 mL

Temperature = 25.0 °C

Final volume = 100 mL

Final temperature = ?

Solution:

V₁ /T₁ = V₂/T₂

T₂ = V₂ . T₁/V₁

T₂ = 100 mL .25 °C / 150.0 mL

T₂ = 2500 mL.  °C / 150.0 mL

T₂ = 16.7  °C

Final Answer:

Upon cooling from a volume of 150.0 mL to 100.0 mL at constant pressure, the temperature of the carbon monoxide gas is estimated to be approximately -74.4 °C, as determined using Charles's Law.

Explanation:

To ascertain the new temperature of carbon monoxide as it undergoes cooling from 150.0 mL to 100.0 mL at a constant pressure, Charles's Law is applied. Charles's Law asserts that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure remains constant, and this relationship can be expressed mathematically as V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V1 is the initial volume, T1 is the initial temperature, V2 is the final volume, and T2 is the final temperature.

Given an initial temperature (T1) of 25.0 °C, it needs conversion into kelvins by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature, resulting in T1 = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K. The initial volume (V1) is 150.0 mL, and the final volume (V2) is 100.0 mL. Utilizing Charles's Law, we can now determine the final temperature (T2).

Applying Charles's Law, we derive:

V1/T1 = V2/T2

(150.0 mL) / (298.15 K) = (100.0 mL) / (T2)

T2 = (100.0 mL) * (298.15 K) / (150.0 mL)

T2 = 198.7667 K

To express the temperature in Celsius, we subtract 273.15 from the temperature in kelvins:

T2 = 198.7667 K - 273.15

T2 ≈ -74.3833 °C

Thus, the new temperature of the carbon monoxide after cooling is approximately -74.4 °C.

Answer:

A. expands

Ice molecules come closer together becoming more compact ^^

Answer:

Explanation:

1) How much would 1.34 moles of carbon weigh?

Given data:

Moles of carbon = 1.34 mol

Mass of carbon = ?

Solution:

Formula:

Molar mass of carbon = 12 g/mol

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Mass =  moles × molar mass

Mass = 1.34 mol × 12 g/mol

Mass =  16.08 g

So 1.34 moles of carbon have 16.08 g mass.

2) How many  moles of magnesium in 24.32 g?

Given data:

Mass of magnesium = 24.32 g

Moles of magnesium = ?

Solution:

Molar mass of magnesium = 24.305 g/mol

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 24.32 g/24.305 g/mol

Number of moles = 1 mol

Thus 24.32 g of magnesium have one mole of Mg.

3) How many atoms of lithium in 4.00 g of lithium?

Given data:

Mass of lithium = 4 g

Atoms of lithium = ?

Solution:

The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.

It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.

The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.

Moles of lithium:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 4 g / 6.9 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.6 mol

1 mole =  6.022 × 10²³  atoms

0.6 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³  atoms / 1 mol = 3.6 × 10²³  atoms

4) How much would 4.45 ×10²² atoms of U weigh?

Given data:

Number of atoms of uranium =  4.45 ×10²² atoms

Mass of uranium = ?

Solution:

one mole = 6.022 × 10²³  atoms

4.45 ×10²² atoms × 1 mol / 6.022 × 10²³  atoms

0.74 ×10⁻¹ mol

0.074 mol

Mass of uranium:

Mass = number of moles  × molar mass

Mass = 0.074 mol × 238 g/mol

Mass = 17.6 g

Answer:

1. Percent composition of  Al = 13.423 %

2.

3. The empirical formula is C₅O₁₆

4. Molecular Formula= P₄O₆

Explanation:

Part first :

Data Given

Formula of the Molecule = Al₂ (CrO₄)₃

% of Al₂ = ?

> First of all find the atomic masses of each component in a molecule

For Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ atomic masses are given below

Al = 27 g/mol

Cr = 52 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

> Then find the total masses of each component

2 atoms of Al = 27 g/mol x 2

= 54 g/mol

3 atoms of Cr = 52 g/mol x 3

= 156 g/mol

12 atoms of O = 16 g/mol x 12

= 192 g/mol

> find total Molar Mass of Molecule:

Molar Mass of Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ = [27x2 + 52x3 + 16x12]

Molar Mass of Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ = 402

Now to find the mass percent of Al

Formula used to find the Mass percent of a component

Percent composition of  Al = mass of Al in Molecula / molar mass of Al₂(CrO₄)₃ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of  Al =  54 (g/mol) / 402 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of  Al = 13.423 %

_______________________________________

Part 2

Data Given

Formula of the Molecule = Zn(ClO₃)₂

% Zn = ?

% Cl = ?

% O = ?

> First of all find the atomic masses of each component in a molecule

For Zn(ClO₃)₂ atomic masses are given below

Zn = 65 g/mol

Cl = 35.5 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

> Then find the total masses of each component

1 atoms of Zn= 65 g/mol x 1

= 65 g/mol

2 atoms of Cl = 35.5 g/mol x  

= 71 g/mol

6 atoms of O = 16 g/mol x 6

= 96 g/mol

> find total Molar Mass of Molecule:

Molar Mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ = [65x1 + 35.5x2 + 16x6]

Molar Mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ = 232g/mol

Now to find the mass percent of of each component one by one

1.  Formula used to find the mass percent of Zn

Percent composition of  Zn= mass of Zn in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of Zn = 65(g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of Zn = 28.02 %

-------------------

2.  Formula used to find the mass percent of Cl

Percent composition of  Cl = mass of Cl in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of Cl = 71 (g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of Cl = 30.6 %

---------------------

3.  Formula used to find the mass percent of O

Percent composition of  O = mass of O in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of O = 96 (g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of O = 41.3 %

________________________________________

Part 3:

Data Given

Percentage of C = 27.3 %

Percentage of O = 72.7 %

Emperical Formula of the compound = ?

Solution:

So the compound has 27.3 % C and 72% O

First, find the mass of each of the elements in 100 g of the Compound.

C = 27.3 g

O = 72 g

Now find how many moles are there for each element in 100 g of compound

For this molar mass are required

That is

C = 12 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

Formula Used

mole of C = mass of C / Molar mass of C

 mole of C = 27.3 / 12 g/mol

  mole of C = 2.275

Formula Used

mole of O = mass of O / Molar mass of O

 mole of O = 72g / 16 g/mol

  mole of O = 7.2

Divide each one by the smallest number of moles

C = 2.275 / 2.275

C = 1

O = 7.2 / 2.275

O = 3.2

Multiply the mole fraction to a number to get the whole number.

C = 1 x 5 = 5

O = 3.2 x 5 =  16

So, the empirical formula is C₅O₁₆

______________________________________

Part 4

Data Given

Percentage of P= 56.38 %

Percentage of O = 43.62%

Molar Mass = 219.9g

Molecular Formula of the compound = ?

Solution:

First, find the mass of each of the elements in 100 g of the Compound.

Mass of P= 56.38g

Mass of O = 43.62g

Now find how many moles are there for each element in 100 g of compound

find the moles in total compounds

Formula Used

mole of P = mass of  / Molar mass of P

 mole of P = 56.38 g / 31 g/mol

  mole of P = 1.818

Formula Used

mole of O = mass of O / Molar mass of O

 mole of O = 43. 62 / 16 g/mol

  mole of O = 2.7262

Now

first find the Emperical formula

Divide each one by the smallest number of moles

P = 1.818 /1.818

P= 1

for oxygen

O = 2.7262 / 1.818

O = 1.5

Multiply the mole fraction to a number to get the whole number.

P = 1 x 2 = 2

O = 1.5 x 2 =  3

So, the empirical formula is P₂O₃

Now  

Find molar mass of the empirical formula P₂O₃

2 (31) + 3 (16) = 62 + 48 = 110

Now find that how many empirical units are in a molecular unit.

(219.9 g/mol) / ( 110 g/mol) =  empirical units per molecular unit

empirical units per molecular unit = 1.999 =2

A here we get two empirical units in a molecular unit,

So the molecular formula is:

2 (P₂O₃) = P₄O₆

Answer:

13.7 moles

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of moles calcium carbonate = ?

Formula units calcium carbonate= 8.23 × 10²⁴

Solution:

The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.

It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.

The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.

For example,

18 g of water = 1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules of water

1.008 g of hydrogen = 1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of hydrogen

For 8.23 × 10²⁴ formula units:

one mole = 6.022 × 10²³ formula units

8.23 × 10²⁴ formula units × 1 mole /6.022 × 10²³ formula units

13.7 moles

Answer:

C)

Explanation:

Because The air up 3 Kilometers is too cold for raindrops and sleet. plus ozone is in the stratosphere

Answer:

1) Iron iodide and silver carbonate.

2) 6AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → 2FeI₃ + 3Ag₂CO₃

3)  double displacement reaction

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → FeI₃ + Ag₂CO₃

Balanced chemical equation:

6AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → 2FeI₃ + 3Ag₂CO₃

The given reaction is double displacement reaction. The cation and anion of both reactants are interchanged and form iron iodide and silver carbonate.

Double replacement:

It is the reaction in which two compound exchange their ions and form new compounds.

AB + CD → AC +BD

We have that for the Question "What volume of 0.20MNaCl(aq) contains 10.0g of NaCl (molar mass 58g/mol)?" it can be said that The volume of 0.20MNaCl(aq) contains 10.0g of NaCl (molar mass 58g/mol) is

V=0.862L

From the question we are told

What volume of 0.20MNaCl (aq) contains 10.0g of NaCl (molar mass 58g/mol)?

Generally the equation for the  morality  is mathematically given as

[tex]M=\frac{moles of NaCl}{Volume of sol}\\\\0.20=\frac{10/58}{V}\\\\[/tex]

V=0.862L

Therefore

The volume of 0.20MNaCl(aq) contains 10.0g of NaCl (molar mass 58g/mol) is

V=0.862L

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To find the volume of 0.20 M NaCl solution containing 10.0 g of NaCl, calculate the number of moles of NaCl and divide by the molarity. It results in a volume of 0.862 liters.

To calculate the volume of 0.20 M NaCl solution that contains 10.0 g NaCl, we will begin by converting the mass of NaCl into moles. Next, we will use the molarity of the solution to find out the volume that contains these moles.

Using the molar mass of NaCl (58 g/mol), we calculate the number of moles of NaCl:

Number of moles of NaCl = mass (g) / Molar mass (g/mol)
Number of moles of NaCl = 10.0 g / 58 g/mol
Number of moles of NaCl = 0.1724 mol

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. We rearrange the molarity equation to solve for volume:

Volume (L) = Number of moles of solute / Molarity (M)
Volume (L) = 0.1724 mol / 0.20 M
Volume = 0.862 L

Therefore, 0.862 liters (or 862 milliliters) of 0.20 M NaCl solution contains 10.0 grams of NaCl.

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Answer:

0.077 M

Explanation:

Molarity is the representation of the solution.

Molarity:

It is amount of solute in moles per liter of solution and represented by M

Formula used for Molarity

                    M = moles of solute / Liter of solution . . . . . . . . . . (1)

Data Given :

The concentration of half normal (NaCl) saline = 0.45g / 100 g

So,

Volume of Solution =  100 g = 100 mL

Volume of Solution in L =  100 mL / 1000

Volume of Solution =  0.1 L

molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Now to find number of moles of Nacl

               no. of moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass

               no. of moles of NaCl =  0.45g / 58.44 g/mol

               no. of moles of NaCl =  0.0077 g

Put values in the eq (1)

                  M = moles of solute / Liter of solution . . . . . . . . . . (1)

                  M = 0.0077 g / 0.1 L

                  M = 0.077 M

So the molarity of half-normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl) = 0.077 M

Answer:

d , before the molten rock becomes lava, it is first magma, and most people know that lava is ejected from volcanoes

Magma reaches the Earth's surface through volcanoes, then turns into lava.  The correct option is option D among all the given options.

A volcano is a crack inside this crust of a planet, including such Earth, that permits hot lava, volcanism, as well as gases to emerge from such a magma chamber under the surface.

Volcanoes are most commonly located where tectonic plates either diverging or converging on Earth, and the majority are found underwater. For example, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge. Magma reaches the Earth's surface through volcanoes, then turns into lava.

Therefore, magma reaches the Earth's surface through volcanoes, then turns into lava. The correct option is option D  among all the given options.

To learn more about volcanoes, here:

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Answer:

A scandium-48 nucleus undergoes beta-minus decay to produce a titanium-48 nucleus.

[tex]\rm ^{48}_{21}Sc \to ^{48}_{22}Ti + ^{\phantom{1}\,0}_{-1}e^{-} + \bar{\mathnormal{v}}_e[/tex].

Explanation:

There are two types of beta decay modes: beta-minus and beta-plus.

In both decay modes, the mass number of the nucleus stays the same.

However, in a beta-minus decay, the atomic number of the nucleus increases by one. In a beta-plus decay, the atomic number decreases by one.

Each beta-minus decay releases one electron and one electron antineutrino. Each beta-plus decay releases one positron and one electron neutrino.

Look up the atomic number and relative atomic mass for the element scandium.

This question did not specify whether the decay here is beta-plus or a beta-minus. However, the relative atomic mass of this element can give a rough estimate of the mode of decay.

Each element (e.g, [tex]\rm Sc[/tex]) can have multiple isotopes. These isotopes differ in mass. The relative atomic mass of an element is an average  across all isotopes of this element. This mass is weighted based on the relative abundance of the isotopes. Its value should be closest to the most stable (and hence the most abundant) isotope.

The mass number of scandium-48 is significantly larger than the relative atomic mass of this element. In other words, this isotope contains more neutrons than isotopes that are more stable. There's a tendency for that neutron to convert to a proton- by beta-minus decay, for example.

The atomic number of the nucleus will increase by 1. [tex]21 + 1 = 22[/tex]. That corresponds to titanium. The mass number stays the same at [tex]48[/tex]. Hence the daughter nucleus would be titanium-48. Note that two other particles: one electron and one electron [tex]\rm e^{-}[/tex] and one antineutrino [tex]\bar{v}_{\text{e}}[/tex] (note the bar.) The neutrino helps balance the lepton number of this reaction.

The balanced equation for the transmutation that occurs when a scandium-48 nucleus undergoes beta decay is:[tex]\[ \ce{^48_21Sc - > ^48_22Ti + ^0_{-1}e} \][/tex]

  Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus. In the case of scandium-48 [tex](\( \ce{^48_21Sc} \))[/tex], beta decay means that a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, an electron (beta particle), and an electron antineutrino. The proton remains in the nucleus, increasing the atomic number by one, while the electron and antineutrino are emitted.

 The atomic number of scandium is 21, and after beta decay, the atomic number increases by one to become 22, which corresponds to the element titanium (Ti). The mass number (the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus) remains unchanged at 48 because a neutron is converted into a proton without any change in the number of nucleons.

 The symbol [tex]\( \ce{^0_{-1}e} \)[/tex] represents the beta particle, which is an electron. The charge of the electron is -1, and it has essentially no mass compared to a proton or neutron, hence the mass number being 0.

Therefore, the product of the beta decay of scandium-48 is titanium-48 [tex](\( \ce{^48_22Ti} \))[/tex], and the balanced equation includes the original nucleus, the resulting nucleus, and the emitted beta particle:

[tex]\[ \ce{^48_21Sc - > ^48_22Ti + ^0_{-1}e} \][/tex]

 This equation shows the conservation of mass and charge, which are fundamental principles in nuclear reactions. The mass number (48) is conserved, and the total charge is also conserved, with the scandium nucleus having a charge of +21, the titanium nucleus having a charge of +22, and the electron having a charge of -1, balancing the total charge before and after the decay.

Answer:

The oxidation state of sodium is +1 and chlorine is -1.

Explanation:

Oxidation:

Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.

Reduction:

Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.

Consider the following reactions.

2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

The oxidation state of chlorine and sodium on left side is 0. After the reaction between them oxidation state is changed. Sodium is oxidized and chlorine is reduced. The oxidation sate of sodium is +1 while that of chlorine is -1. Sodium is reducing agent while chlorine is oxidizing agent.

Oxidizing agents:

Oxidizing agents oxidize the other elements and itself gets reduced.

Reducing agents:

Reducing agents reduced the other element are it self gets oxidized.