Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. if the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach? the stomach contracts during peristalsis, which pushes the acid out of the stomach and protects it. the stomach produces bacteria, which denature the acid in the stomach and protect it. the stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it. the stomach produces bicarbonate, which neutralizes the acid in the stomach and protects it.

Answers

Answer 1

The correct answer is "the stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it".

The stomach is lined by a mucus layer resistant to acid degradation and this is facilitated by the production of protective prostaglandins in the stomach.

The stomach does not physiologically push acid out to during peristalsis as this can be a pathologic process that can cause damage to the esophagus and cause Barrett's esophagus and eventually adenocarcinoma. The stomach does not produce any bacteria and bicarbonate.

Related Questions

the diploid number of chromosomes in horses is 64. what is the haploid number of chromosomes in horses?

Answers

The haploid number of the chromosomes should be 32.

Diploid number means that they have the complete sets of chromosomes in their cells, these cells are usually found in somatic (body) cells and different organisms have a different number. For example, a human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes, such as a muscle cell, or a skin cell etc.

Meanwhile, haploid number means that the number of chromosomes in the cell only have half of the chromosome number than that of the diploid cells. These haploid cells are usually found in gametes of sexually reproducing organisms, such as human, we have 23 chromosomes in our sex cells. This is important because we have to make sure the chromosome number of offsprings are not doubled, as during sexual reproduction, male and female gametes fuse together to form a zygote.

Therefore, to calculate the haploid number of a cell, we can divide the diploid number by 2, which is 64/2, and the answer would be 32.

32 is the answer for sure

Here are four individual strands of dna: 1- 5'aattccggcctaactt3' 2- 5'aagttaggccggaatt3' 3- 5'ttaaggccggattgaa3' 4- 5'ttcaatccggccttaa3' which strands would pair with one another?

Answers

In the context of DNA strand pairing, there is a specific pairing sequence. Adenine (A) will always pair with thymine (T); cytosine (C) will always pair with guanine (G). One strand goes from 5' to 3' and the pair strand goes from 3' to 5'. In this case, 1 and 2 pairs with each other as well as 3 and 4.

5'-AATTCCGGCCTAACTT-3' is paired to 5'-AAGTTAGGCCGGAATT-3'
5'-TTAAGGCCGGATTGAA-3' is paired to 5'-TTCAATCCGGCCTTAA-3'

The following is a multi-step reaction. the rate-limiting step is unimolecular, with a as the sole reactant.

Answers

I) from the information given, that the rate-limiting step is unimolecular with A as the sole reactant, the rate law of the reaction is therefore;
Rate = k[A]
If you double the concentration of A, the rate of the reaction wil also double to 0.008 M/s

ii) The concentration of B has no effect on the rate of reaction, and therefore halving the concentration of B, will not change the rate of reaction. Thus the reaction rate remains 0.0040 M/s

iii) Increasing the concentration of A by 4-fold also increases the rate of reaction by 4-fold to (0.0040 ×4) = 0.016 M/s. This is because the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of A, therefore any change in this concentration affects the rate of reaction, such that an increase in the concentration of A cause a corresponding increase in the rate of reaction and vice versa.

Toxins are non-living biological agents produced by living plants, animals, or bacteria. an example of a toxin is:

Answers

Answer: Botulinum toxin

Toxins are non-living biological and chemical agents produced by living microorganisms from animals and plants that can cause harm to humans, plants and animals. An example of toxin is botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium, which is a neurotoxic protein that prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and causes flaccid paralysis.

Moreover, toxin are more closely related to chemical warfare agents that can only affect those who are exposed to the agent and that they are not considered as transmissible disease.

Biological recognition is important in processes at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Choose ONE of the following, explain how the process of recognition occurs, and discuss a specific example.

-Neurotransmitters are recognized in the synapse.

-Target cells respond to specific hormones.

Answers

Neurotransmitters are recognized in the synapse. In the event wherein a nerve action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitter containing synaptic vesicles from the axon of a nerve, the dendrites of the receiving nerve will recognize these neurotransmitters and trigger specific actions (i.e. excitatory or inhibitory). For instance, the release of glutamate from the synapse will trigger an excitatory response (depolarization) while the release of GABA will trigger an inhibitory response (hyperpolarization).

Target cells respond to specific hormones. Hormones are endocrine molecules that trigger specific cellular functions such as glucose uptake, urine secretion and reabsorption, etc. Hormones bind to either (1) specific hormone receptor (i.e. insulin receptors), (2) cytoplasmic receptors (i.e. thyroid hormone receptor), and (3) nuclear receptors (i.e. steroid hormones). All of which will trigger a cascade that will eventually lead to new protein synthesis (or the inhibition of such). For example, insulin binds to insulin receptors in muscle cells wherein it would trigger the synthesis of glucose channels which will facilitate the uptake of glucose.

Explain some of the benefits of biotechnology.

Sentences please!

Answers

Farmers Benefit from Agricultural Biotechnology Seeds. Decades of documented evidence demonstrates that agricultural biotechnology is a safe and beneficial technology that contributes to both environmental and economic sustainability.

Answer:

Explanation:

Biotechnology is the field of science and technology that utilizes the knowledge of biology for the purpose of producing new products, treatment of diseases and development of medicines.

The following are the benefits of biotechnology:

1. Improving the quality of crops: This biotechnology involves the process of genetic engineering by the which pests resistant and drought resistant genes can be injected into the genome of the plants. Thus making plants and crops healthy and disease free.

2. Development of vaccines for preventing the diseases: The process of genetic engineering will involve the extraction of the pathogenic genome which can be competent to fight against the pathogen present in the body of the host organism creating disease symptoms.

3. Utilization of the microbial materials for increasing the industrial production: Some of microbes such as bacteria are useful in synthesis of food products like beverages, milk products. Hence, their synthesis have been enormously increased with biotechnology that is by facilitating the cell culture.

~migration of birds into a new habitat ~pollen blowing in from plants in a far-away habitat ~fish swimming in to a new habitat in a river ~seeds being carried to an island on the ocean waves The four examples listed above could all be responsible in the change in a gene pool, also called
Adaptation
Founder effect
Genetic drift
Gene Flow

Answers

The four examples listed above could all be responsible in the change in a gene pool also called founder effect. The founder effect is the reduction of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is started by a few members of the original population. Under the founder effect, a small population of a species is physically isolated from the original population,and the isolation prevents breeding between the two populations.

Migration or gene flow is any movement of individuals, and/or the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.

Answer is gene flow.

How do ions and electrical charges play a role in communication with the muscle?

Answers

The electrical charge that travels along the motor neuron is caused by depolarization. Depolarization is caused by the inflow of Na+ ions into the neuron. At the neuromuscular junction, depolarization causes Ca2+ ions to enter the post-synaptic neuron. Binding of Ca2+ to sensor protein in the neuron causes the neuron to release neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter binds to ionotropic receptors on the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber causing contraction of the muscle fiber.

Sequence of m-rna that is not involved in coding for a protein which is cut out before it is read by the ribosomes

Answers

The correct answer is introns.

Introns are non-coding sequences in the immature mRNA made from DNA transcription. Since they are non-coding, they do not contribute to the final protein that will be translated; therefore introns need to be removed. Introns are removed by RNA splicing; and this is succeeded by 5' capping and adding of poly-A tail.

The allele that is visible in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is known as the _________ allele because it masks the other allele that must be present in that individual

Answers

I believe it is known as the dominant allele. An allele is the alternative form of a gene. An allele may be either dominant or recessive. The dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have have one copy of the allele which can just be from one parent. On the other hand, a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype since it is masked by the dominant allele.

As the exercise progresses, muscular activity __________ venous return. this increases the _________ on the right ventricle.

Answers

As the exercise progresses, muscular activity increases venous return. This increases the pre-load on the right ventricle. During venous exercise, the rhythmic pump of the muscles facilitates venous return by forcing the blood through one way valves that lead to the heart. Additionally, increased lung activity which creates a change in thoracic pressure that draws blood towards the heart. Regular exercises improves the venous return by increasing total blood volume, increasing end diastolic volume and increasing the size and contractile strength of the heart muscle.

The production and consumption of atp during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. be detailed in where atp is made, and where it may be used both in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answers

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide in the process of respiration, which is then used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen in photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water. ATP is manufactured as a result of several processes including fermentation, respiration and photosynthesis.

Answer:

The correct answer is "photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two independent processes, ATP is produced and consumed in both processes".

Explanation:

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two independent processes, ATP is produced and consumed in both processes During photosynthesis the complex ATP synthase produces ATP by the biological process known as chemiosmosis. On the other hand, intermediate processes that takes place during photosynthesis require the consumption of ATP, for instance during the Calvin-Benson cycle. Cellular respiration are a series of metabolic reactions where ATP is produced and consumed as well. During cellular respiration most ATP is produced by the ATP synthase located in the mitochondria, whereas ATP is consumed in some steps of the glycolysis process.

A localized collection of pus at the site of infection is:

Answers

I believe it is called Abscess. Abscess is a collection o pus that has built up within the tissue of the body. It characterized by symptoms and signs which include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling. The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed. Treatment involves drainage and antibiotics if there is a surrounding infection.

Final answer:

A localized collection of pus is an accumulation of dead pathogens, neutrophils, tissue fluid, and cells at the site of an infection, suggesting an immune response to the bacterial infection.

Explanation:

A localized collection of pus at the site of infection is typically the result of the body's immune response to bacterial invasion, where neutrophils and macrophages are recruited to eliminate the pathogen. During this process, neutrophils phagocytose the pathogens and eventually die, with their remains contributing to the accumulation of pus. Pus is therefore an accumulation of dead pathogens, neutrophils, tissue fluid, and other bystander cells that may have been killed by phagocytes at the site of the infection.

Examining bacteria under a microscope from a pus sample can provide valuable information, such as the morphology and arrangement of the bacteria, which can be critical in determining the approach for treatment. In some cases, bacterial infections can escalate if not properly treated, leading to more severe symptoms and complications, such as necrotizing fasciitis, which requires immediate medical attention.

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?

Answers

PPA (Parahippocampal place area)

Solar energy is used to produce energy rich compounds in which structure

Answers

The "chloroplast" is where photosynthesis takes place converting solar energy into sugars that are then converted to energy in the form of ATP.

Lepirudin is a drug that inhibits thrombin. it will have an effect specifically on the __________. lepirudin is a drug that inhibits thrombin. it will have an effect specifically on the __________. common pathway of coagulation extrinsic pathway of coagulation intrinsic pathway of coagulation thrombolysis

Answers

Lepirudin is a drug that inhibits thrombin. It will have an effect especially on the common pathway of coagulation. Lepirudin is used to bind both free and clot bound throbin. This is how it prevents coagulation of the blood. It is used by people who have heart or blood vessels conditions.

The round usda inspection stamp on poultry means that the birds are

Answers

It means that they are safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged.

An infant is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with exstrophy of the bladder. what covering should the nurse use to protect the exposed area?

Answers

Moist sterile dressing must be placed to cover the bladder. This will prevent the bladder from drying up. The goal in putting a cover is to prevent loss of moisture and prevent infection. Covering the organ can also prevent trauma in the protruding part.

the codon CGA specifies arigine in all life forms on this planet. This is part of the universal genetic code. Explain the significance of this

Answers

This codon codes for proteins that your body uses for its daily activities.

Plasmodium is a parasitic apicomplexan that causes malaria in humans. the figure below illustrates the plasmodium life cycle.

Answers

Plasmodium is a monocellular parasite causing malaria to humans. The parasite's life cycle always includes two hosts, an insect host and a vertebrate host. The parasite's cells are injected into the vertebrate's (human in our case) bloodstream by the insect host (mosquito). There are several stages in its life cycle but the sexual reproduction occurs only in the insect. In the insect, gametocytes (haploid gametes) merge and form a zygote which in turn becomes an oocyst. Oocysts divide multiple times and that way a great number of sporozoites is produced. These sporozoites travel to the salivary gland of the mosquito and are injected into the bloodstream of the second host, the human. In humans, sporozoites infect liver cells and red blood cells.

According to this information, the four statements about Plasmodium which are true are:
-Plasmodium cells are transferred to human cells through mosquito saliva.
-The complete life cycle of Plasmodium requires two hosts.
-Plasmodium cells infect two specific types of cells in humans.
- Inside an infected mosquito haploid gametes fuse, forming a haploid zygote that develops into an oocyst.

One breezy spring, many rabbits are born in a forest. During the warm summer, several wolves move to the forest and many plant-eating birds fly away. Which is a limiting factor that would most likely decrease the rabbit population?
A.breezy spring weather
B.warm summer weather
C.wolves moving to the area
D.birds leaving the area

Answers

Your answer here should be C.
"Wolves moving to the Area." A. wouldn't make sense because Rabbits have thick fur. D. wouldn't make sense either because birds don't eat rabbits. Not that I know of. Hope this helps.
:)

Limiting factors are the factors is an environmental condition that limits growth, distribution and abundance of a population in ecosystem. The movement of wolves in the area can increase the predation which will be the limiting factor for the rabbit population.

What is limiting factors?

The factors that are responsible for constraining or slowing down the population size are called limiting factors.

The limiting factors can include a variety of factors including predators, habitat destruction, natural calamities, etc.

As the increasing wolves population leads to increased predation, which will limit the population growth of rabbits.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an _____. intrusive igneous rock extrusive metamorphic rock intrusive metamorphic rock extrusive igneous rock

Answers

A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface is called an intrusive igneous rock.

The right option is; intrusive igneous rock

A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an intrusive igneous rock.

Intrusive igneous rocks are types of igneous rocks that are formed when magma crystallizes and solidifies below the earth’s surface to form intrusions. Most intrusive igneous rocks possess well-formed and large crystals. Examples of intrusive igneous rocks include diorite, granite, dunite, gabbro, peridotite, and pegmatite.

About half of all babies are able to walk independently by __________ months of age.

Answers

I think that about half of all babies are able to walk independently by 12 month of age. It said that babies tend to take their first steps from the age of 9. Babies usually start to crawl before they can walk. This is because their arm are usually more effective. After crawling they learn to stand up with their feet first and later learn to walk while holding things. The next step after that is walking.
Not all babies walk at the same time. There those that learn before the other so there is no need to worry if your child does not walk by 12 months.

Determining a person's reaction time (in milliseconds) would involve measurement on a(n) ____ scale of measurement.

Answers

Final answer:

Determining a person's reaction time would involve a ratio scale of measurement because it allows for comparisons using a true zero point and precise numeric values.

Explanation:

Determining a Person's Reaction Time and Scale of Measurement

Determining a person's reaction time (in milliseconds) would involve measurement on a ratio scale of measurement. This is because the ratio scale is the only scale that has a true zero point, which enables us to say how many times longer one reaction time is compared to another. When using a stopwatch or measuring with a ruler in the reaction time experiment, we are comparing against a standard (the second) and can calculate a precise numeric value, which characterizes ratio scales.

When you conduct the Take-Home Experiment-Reaction Time, you would calculate reaction time based on the distance the ruler falls, using gravity's acceleration to determine the time it takes for the ruler to drop from the starting position to where it is caught, which is a measurement involving ratio scales.

He beginnings of a brain first becomes apparent around four weeks after conception when the neural ____ folds to form the neural ____.

Answers

The beginnings of a brain first become apparent around four weeks after conception when the neural plate folds to form the neural tube

The beginnings of a brain first become apparent around four weeks after conception when the neural plate folds to form the neural tube.

GIVE THE OPTIONS THE NEXT TIME !!!!

Hope this helps !

Photon

In the video, light passing through two slits creates a pattern of bright and dark fringes on a screen. the bright fringes result from __________; the dark fringes result from __________.

Answers

i think the answers are constructive interference/destructive interference; . interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower or the same amplitude. The interference of two waves , when in phase, the two lower waves create constructive interference, resulting to a greater amplitude of the resultant wave. When out of phase they create a destructive interference.

If a person is heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele, they are protected from both malaria and sickle-cell anemia. this is called:

Answers

Answer:

non-lodge-kins-limphomia

Explanation:

i got the answer right.

what animal tells us when spring is here?

Answers

birds tells us when spring is here

What happens when blood glucose levels fall below normal? 1. The pancreas releases insulin. 2. The pancreas releases glucagon. 3. The pituitary gland releases insulin. 4. The pituitary gland releases glucagon.

Answers

Answer:

2. the pancreas releases glucagon

Explanation:

its not 1 because insulin is used to decrease blood glucose levels.

its not 3 because the pituitary gland does not produce insulin and insulin is not needed

its not 4 because the pituitary gland does not release glucagon.

it IS 2. because the pancreas DOES produce glucagon and GLUCAGON is needed to move GLUCOSE into the blood stream.

When the levels of sugar levels in the body fall below the normal level, the pancreas releases glucagon. Therefore, option "B" is correct.

What is the function of the glucagon hormone?

Glucagon is a peptide hormone. it is a glucose-regulatory hormone. it is released by the pancreas. When the levels of glucose drop in the blood it works against the insulin by stimulating the hepatic cells for the production of glucose. This results in an increase in levels of glucose to normal levels.

Insulin hormone is released when the levels of sugar are high in the blood to lower it whereas glucagon is released when the levels of sugar are low in the blood to bring it to normal.

Therefore, glucagon increases the levels of glucose when falls below normal levels.

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Diets high in lean protein are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. diets high in lean protein are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
a. True
b. False

Answers

False, lean protein is good for you.

Answer:

The correct answer is option b. "False".

Explanation:

It is false that diets high in lean protein are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Lean protein is a term used to describe food that is rich in protein and low in fat. A diet with low fat intake will be beneficial for the heart, because dietary saturated fat intake is what is associated with cardiovascular disease.

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