Answer:
C. What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle?Explanation:
Such type of technique that is used to tack or identified the passage or location of the metabolic reaction, organelles and some other during the research or experiment is known as radiolabelling. During the study of the synthesis of the DNA, the nucleotides are labeled to check the S phase of the cell cycle. Since the synthesis of the DNA takes place during this phase so the time and length of the S phase can be easily obtained during the experiment. This technique is also used for different purposes during the biomolecular experiment and some other disciplines.The S phase is the DNA replication phase of the cell cycle, it is the phase
that occur between the G₁ and G₂ phases.
The question that might be answered by using the method described is; D. What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle?Reasons:
The S phase, or synthesis phase, is the cell division phase in which the
DNA of the cells are replicated such that the number the genome is
doubled, before the cell enters into the meiosis mitosis stage.
The synthesis that takes place during the s-phase includes the synthesis of
nucleotides.
Therefore, the radiolabeled nucleotides can be incorporated in the s-phase
after the DNA is synthesized, and therefore, the length of the S-phase of
the cell cycle can be determined.
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What effects does water have on the formation of macromolecules?
Question 1
Where does carbon dioxide come from?
Answer:
Atmospheric carbon dioxide derives from multiple natural sources including volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter, and the respiration processes of living aerobic organisms; man-made sources of carbon dioxide come mainly from the burning of various fossil fuels for power generation and transport use.
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colourless and odourless gas that is a natural component of our air and makes up part of the carbon cycle.
Through the decomposition of organic matter, CO₂ is released into the atmosphere as part of this natural process. At the same time, photosynthesis helps to significantly reduce atmospheric CO₂ . The solubility of CO₂ in water depends on the temperature, so the oceans both produce and reduce CO₂.
Anthropogenic (man-made) carbon dioxide sources primarily relate to the combustion processes of fossil fuels. CO₂ is an inert end product that accumulates in the atmosphere and is in constant exchange with the biosphere and the oceans. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid or hydrogen carbonate, which leads to a change in the pH value, i.e. the acidity of the water. Other anthropogenic CO₂ sources that intensify the greenhouse effect include changes to land usage, e.g. the clearing of forests or draining of wetlands such as moors.
Changes in the environment can alter the dynamics of natural selection in predator–prey relationships. As the planet continues to warm, climate change will have a significant effect on many of these relationships. In the case of the snowshoe hare, loss of winter snow cover could make the species more vulnerable to its predator, the lynx. The fur of snowshoe hares turns white in the winter months, providing camouflage in the snow. Which prediction would best fit a hypothesis of continued antagonistic coevolution between these two species in a year-round, snow-free environment?
Answer:
The coevolution is best explained by using the interaction of selective pressure (lyrnx) and the adaptation for survival(snowshoe/ snow)
Explanation:
The camouflage by the snow of the brown hare gives them selective advantage to remain undetected within the population during winter.since the allele for year -round brown fur within the snowshoe population, will be protected during winter by the slow, (adaptation for survival) this ensures survival, from selective pressure -Lynx, and gives them rooms for natural selection by nature for evolution.
Lynx, which preys on the brown snowshoe hares, in snow free environment will have better survival advantage for food, and therefore reproduction . Since the snow which camouflage them from the prey, has been removed by climatic change,Their population will therefore be naturally selected and evolved.
Thus the two organisms-Lynx and Snowshoe hare will co-evolve
The table shows how water in the US was used in 2010. Which statement accurately summarizes the data?
A) More water was used to farm aquatic organisms than to make products.
B) More water was used to make products than to produce electricity.
C) More water was used to produce electricity than to grow crops.
D) More water was used to grow crops than to mine land resources.
Answer:
C,More water was used to produce electricity than to grow crops.
Explanation:
Give me brainlest
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Based on what you learned in the lab why does your body need to break down starch into glucose
Starch and glucose are carbohydrates (sugars). The body breaks the starch molecules into glucose as the former is too large to diffuse into cells. Thus, option B is correct.
What are simple and complex sugars?
Simple sugars are carbohydrates that are monomers and have a small size due to a single molecule composition. On the other hand, complex sugars are large chains with many molecules.
Starch is a complex sugar, is large, and made of glucose molecules linked to form the polysaccharide. Their large size hinders their movement in the cell through the semipermeable membrane.
Therefore, the starch is broken down into glucose for easy transportation.
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The complete question is attached to the image below.
How does the body regulate the distribution of oxygen and glucose to different body tissues?
A. By changing aortic blood pressure and thus the velocity of blood flow in capillaries.
B. Using valves in veins, which close due to backpressure from the column of blood above them.
C. Using valves found inside arterioles near capillaries.
D. By constricting smooth muscle throughout the capillaries. Via relaxation/constriction of pre-capillary sphincters.
Answer:
a would because blood would also need to flow
Explanation:
What are the 6 levels of organization for ecology
Though technically there are six levels of organization in ecology, there do exist some sources which only identify five levels, namely organism, population, communities, ecosystem, and biome; excluding biosphere from the list.
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The _____________ cells in the _________________ of a nephron can cause and increase or decrease in body pH. A. intercalated; collecting duct B. principal; proximal convoluted tubule C. macula densa; distal convoluted tubule D. glomerular; nephron loop
Answer:
The intercalated cells in the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron can cause and increase or decrease in body pH.
Explanation:
The renal collecting duct is the nephron segment where the final urine content of acid equivalents and inorganic ions are determined.
Two types of cells regulate the acid-base and volume homeostasis.
Intercalated cells, which express acid-base transporters and vacuolar H+-ATPase, maintain an apropriate acid-base balance and principal cells that express the epithelial sodium channel ENaC and aquaporin 2, regulate electrolyte reabsorption.
Filtered bicarbonate is predominantly reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule about 80% and the remaining bicarbonate is reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the distal nephron, specifically the distal convoluted tubule & the connecting tubule, and finally the cortical and both the outer and inner medullary collecting duct.
Intercalated cells are enriched in mitochondria, and express proteins involved in transport of proton equivalents such as vacuolar H+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II and bicarbonate transporters. There are two types of intercalated cells Type-A and Type-B.
Answer:
hmmm
Explanation:
hmmmmm
The neurons in the inferior temporal cortex....
A. send visual messages to V1, V2 and V3
B. are specialized for processing spatial information and respond differentially to the direction and speed of movement.
C. integrate motor commands with spatial information
D. respond selectively to objects quizlwt
Answer:
Option D, respond selectively to objects.
Explanation:
Inferior temporal cortex is very essential for visual processing beyond the processing done by primary visual cortex. Any issues with the inferior temporal cortex could lead to visual impairment.
IT neurons are selective is respect to dimension, shape, color, or texture and stimuli and hence they respond selectively to different stimuli, faces, highly specific complex objects.
Being highly selective, some of IT neurons respond only to the frontal face view and the remaining respond to the profiles. Because of this, these cells fail in responding to similar objects
Hence, option D is correct
A fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. The green allele is recessive, and is represented by Q. The blue allele is dominant, and is represented by P. If 20 of 100 organisms are green, what is Q?
The value of Q is 0.44 if 20 organisms of 100 organisms are green.
Explanation:
Data given:
alleles for the color of eyes of fly:
blue allele = dominant represented by P
green allele = recessive, represented by Q
total number of organism = 100
number of recessive trait organism, [tex]q^{2}[/tex] = 20
Q =?
The allele frequency of the green eye is calculated as:
[tex]\frac{total number of recessive alleles}{total number of all alleles}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{20}{100}[/tex]
[tex]q^{2}[/tex]= 0.2
q = [tex]\sqrt{0.2}[/tex]
q = 0.44
0.44 is the frequency of Q allele in the population.
Q is the homozygous recessive alleles in the population and its value is 0.44.
Answer:
A: .45
Explanation:
How are food webs different to food chains explain why food webs are more useful
Pepsinogen is an:________.
a) inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
b) active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
c) active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
d) inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
Answer:
The inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach. (Ans A)
Explanation:
Pepsin is known as a digestive enzyme which is present in humans and other species digestive system. It is produced by the stomach, where it helps to digest the proteins and break down into amino acids which are present in food. In the stomach, a cell is known as a peptic or chief cell that helps to release Pepsinogen.
The Pepsinogen secreted by Chief cells is an inactive form of pepsin, on exposure to HCL (hydrochloric acid secretion from Parietal cells), gets converted to the active enzyme pepsin because HCL provides necessary acidic environments where pepsin work best. Then Pepsin hydrolyzed the proteins to polypeptide and starts protein digestion in the stomach.
Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin, which digests proteins in the stomach. It is produced by gastric chief cells, then activated by the stomach's acidic environment.
Explanation:Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach. It is produced by the gastric chief cells located in stomach lining and is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. When food reaches the stomach, gastric acid lowers the pH, triggering pepsinogen to convert into active form i.e. pepsin. The primary role of pepsin is to break down proteins into smaller peptides for easier digestion later in the small intestine. Therefore, option a) inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach is the correct answer.
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Suppose members of a true-breeding strain of salamanders with yellow stripes are crossed with a true-breeding strain with red stripes. Red and yellow are two alleles of the same gene. The resulting offspring have both yellow stripes and red stripes. Which dominance pattern is most likely?
Answer:
Co-dominance pattern
Explanation:
Co-dominance is a phenomenon in which the two alleles of a gene exert equal effects on each other. That is neither allele of a gene is has the ability to suppress the expression of the other.
On the other hand, the alternate version of a gene represented by alleles are both expressed phenotypically in individuals carrying a co-dominant gene.
Apart from the illustration shown in the question, a good example of co-dominance can be observed in the human ABO blood system in which both allele A and B are expressed in individuals with AB blood group.
It is possible to perceive depth with one eye closed because of
Answer: monocular cue
Explanation:
The key reason one don't lose sense of depth is because of monocular cue. Our brain can still detect the actual position of the object with helps of cues even if one eye is closed.
Such cues include (but are not limited to):
Linear perspective - the fact that additional objects ultimately travel to a single point (i.e. two roads that converge into a single point in the distance)Texture - objects closer to you will have more complex texture compared to objects further away from Interposition - objects closer to you will be farther away from objectsAccommodation - as you look closely at items, your eyes need to accommodate and concentrate on them using your eye muscles, giving your eyes an idea of where the object is located.Hence, Monocular Cues are used by using one eye to help sense distance.
Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in their leaves as atmospheric CO2‚ levels decline. Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect of doing which of the following?
1. increasing dehydration of leaf tissues
2. decreasing dehydration of leaf tissues
3. countering the effect of declining CO2‚ on photosynthesis
4. reinforcing the effect of declining CO2‚ on photosynthesis
5. decreasing the O2‚ content of air next to the leaves lower than it would otherwise be
6. increasing the O2‚ content of air next to the leaves higher than it would otherwise be
a. 1, 3, and 5
b. 1, 3, and 6
c. 1, 4, and 5
d. 2, 3, and 6
e. 2, 4, and 5
Answer:
E
Explanation:
The process of creating several different species from one ancestral species is called _____________________ _____________________.
Answer:
When the sub-populations become different enough genetically that they cannot interbreed, a new species is created. This process of creating several different species from one ancestral species is called adaptive radiation.
Explanation:
That should help!
Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of _________ that extend and fuse with the ______ and inner surface of the _____a.arachnoid materb.dura materc.pia mater
Answer:
* ARACHNOID MATER
*DURA MATER
*PIA MATER
Explanation:
denticulate ligaments are bilateral extensions of pia mater that thickening the component of collagen of pia mater.It anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater.They are produced by the pia mater of the spinal cord.They provide stability to the spinal cord within the vertebral canal.
Arachnoid mater helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact. It is connected to the dura mater at the side that is very close to the central nervous system.
Dura mater refers to the membrane that envelops the arachnoid mater. It surrounds the dural sinuses and also provide supports to it. Dura mater carries blood from the brain toward the heart.
The pia mater is part of pseudolymphatic system and it's referred to as the thin fibrous tissue that allows blood vessels to pass through the brain.
Answer: The correct answer sequence is PIA MATER, ARACHNOID MATER AND DURA MATER.
Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of PIA MATER that extend and fuse with the ARACHNOID MATER and inner surface of the DURA MATER
Explanation: The pia mater, arachnoid mater and the dura mater are collectively known as the meninges,they are membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord,they provide protection and support to the structures they cover.(the central nervous system)
THE PIA MATER; This is the innermost layer of the meninges,it is a thin delicate later and made up of connective tissues,it sits/adheres directly to the brain and the spinal cord and provides protection, support and metabolic needs for the central nervous system.
THE ARACHNOID MATER; This is the middle layer of the meninges,it has the appearance of a spider web,it is thin and transparent and covers the spinal cord and as well sits directly over the pia mater.there is a potential space between the pia mater and the arachnoid matter known as the the subarachnoid space,the subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid and large blood vessels which protects the brain and the spinal cord from any form of trauma and supplies nutrients to the nervous system and also removes waste products after cerebral metabolism.
DURA MATER; The dura mater is the outermost later of the meninges lying directly under the bone tissue, it is made up of irregular connective tissue,it is a thick membrane and it protects the central nervous system and the two inner laters of the meninges.the potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is know as the subdural space.
Use the following vocabulary words in one sentence as they relate: Allele, Genotype, Phenotype
Answer:
fkf
Explanation:
Why are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars called the "terrestrial" planets? A. They are all made of rock. B.They have all been able to support some form of life. C.They all have solid cores. D.They all have liquid cores and rocky surfaces.
Answer:
"A" is the answer.
Explanation:
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called the "terrestrial" planets as they are all made of rock. The correct option is A.
What are terrestrial planets?A terrestrial planet, also known as a telluric planet or rocky planet, is one that is mostly made up of silicate rocks or metals.
The terrestrial planets recognized by the IAU are the inner planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are referred to as terrestrial because their surfaces are compact and rocky, similar to Earth's terra firma. The terrestrial planets are the solar system's four innermost planets.
Pluto's configuration (ice, rock, and frozen gases), changing atmosphere, small size, relatively large moon, and elliptical orbit around the Sun distinguish it from the terrestrial and Jovian planets.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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What type of actions involving the nervous system are automatic and very fast?
Answer:
A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) and rapid response to a stimulus, which minimises any damage to the body from potentially harmful conditions, such as touching something hot. Reflex actions are therefore essential to the survival of many organisms.
Explanation:
what is threatened by an increase in fungal diseases? check all that apply.
Answer: Crops such a rice, wheat, and soybeans.
Animal biodiversity
Plant biodiversity
Explanation:
What is not a polymer
Answer:
Elements. Metals. Ionic compounds, such as salt
Explanation:
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A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers. Examples include nylon, polyethylene, and polystyrene. Something that is not a polymer would be a small molecule that does not consist of repeating subunits, such as water or carbon dioxide.
Explanation:A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers. These monomers are linked together through chemical bonds to form a long chain. Examples of polymers include nylon, polyethylene, and polystyrene. Therefore, something that is not a polymer would be a small molecule that does not consist of repeating subunits, such as water or carbon dioxide.
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Lindeman developed a classification of organisms based on
Answer:
Their roles in moving energy through the ecosystem.
Explanation:
Before Lindeman's classification, Scientists focused on the characteristics and classification of Plants and Animals. Lindeman Shifted the focus of classification to Energy i.e. how the organisms depend on each other and their environment for their survival in the Ecosystem.
Lindeman's classification of organisms focused on trophic levels and energy flow within ecosystems, which contrasts with Linnaeus' classification based on physical traits. Post-Darwin, scientists pursued phylogenetic classifications reflecting evolutionary history, which, coupled with modern genetics, has led to revisions in the Linnaean system.
Lindeman developed a classification of organisms based on their energy flow within an ecosystem, particularly emphasizing the trophic levels, ranging from primary producers to primary, secondary, and higher-level consumers. This approach differs significantly from Linnaeus, who classified organisms based on noticeable physical traits. While Linnaeus' system grouped organisms that looked alike, it was later understood that such classifications may overlook more profound evolutionary and genetic relationships. After Charles Darwin's contributions to evolutionary theory, the phylogenetic classification system aimed to reflect the evolutionary history and relationships among species, which is often depicted in the form of a phylogenetic tree.
With scientific advancements, including genetic and biochemical research, the Linnaean system has undergone revisions. These revisions include classifying organisms based on their DNA, molecular similarities, or other genetic features, leading to more accurate representations of their evolutionary backgrounds and relationships than the traditional Linnaean classifications based on outward morphology alone.
What must be true for natural selection to happen?
A. there must be no predators in the ecosystem.
B. Resources must be limited in the ecosystem.
C. there can be no competition for resources.
D. The population must be bellow carrying capacity.
Answer:
B.
Explanation: There must be competition for resources.
when did NASA begin collecting satellite data on Arctic sea ice?
Answer:
December 1972
Explanation:
Useful satellite data concerning sea ice began in December 1972 with the Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument from NASA.
NASA began collecting satellite data on Arctic sea ice in 1978 using the Nimbus-7 satellite and the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR). This data has been crucial in monitoring changes in the Arctic sea ice cover over time and understanding the impact of climate change on the region.
Explanation:NASA began collecting satellite data on Arctic sea ice in 1978, when it launched the Nimbus-7 satellite. The satellite carried the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), which was able to measure the microwave radiation emitted by sea ice and provide information on its extent and concentration.
This data has been crucial in monitoring changes in the Arctic sea ice cover over time and understanding the impact of climate change on the region. Since then, NASA has continued to collect satellite data on Arctic sea ice using various instruments and missions, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat).
By analyzing this data, scientists have been able to observe the decline of Arctic sea ice and study its effects on the climate, ecosystem, and human activities in the region.
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The increase in plant species diversity allowed which of the following events? the evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects the evolution of flight in insects invasion of marine habitats by insects a massive increase in species diversity of insects
Explanation:
The increase in plant species diversity allowed increase in species diversity of insects
Increase in plant species defines that more plant species live in grasslands and forests as a result the more insect species find a habitat there
The presence of more plant species does not only increase insect species richness, i.e. the number of species, but also insect abundance, i.e. the number of individual
Similarly, animal diversity is not only determined by plant diversity, but also by the physical structure of the plant communities
Final answer:
The increase in plant diversity greatly influenced the evolution and diversification of insects, fostering adaptations like complete metamorphosis, flight, and specialized feeding behaviors through coevolution with flowering plants.
Explanation:
The increase in plant species diversity significantly contributed to a massive increase in species diversity of insects. The evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects, the evolution of flight in insects, and a myriad of other adaptive traits were possible largely due to the broad range of ecological niches presented by the variety of plants. This flourishing diversity is attributed to multiple factors including pollination, herbivory, and the coevolution of insects and flowering plants.
During the coevolutionary process, flowering plants developed various colors, shapes, scents, and even food supplies to attract specific insects for pollination, while insects evolved the necessary mouthparts, senses, and flight patterns to benefit from these floral offerings. This coevolution created a positive feedback loop, resulting in an evolutionary arms race that expanded the diversity of both plants and insects. Some insects were repelled while others were attracted, each evolving complex adaptations in response to the other's defenses or offerings.
The relationships formed through these interactions were critical for both parties, leading to the diverse and complex ecosystems we witness today. As coevolution continued, the range of insect behaviors and physical traits expanded, allowing them to exploit the varied plant life that emerged after the disappearance of dinosaurs and flourish in numerous environments.
The non-leukocyte tissue cells known as ________ activate enzymes which produce leukotrienes and prostaglandins in response to allergen binding. The non-leukocyte tissue cells known as ________ activate enzymes which produce leukotrienes and prostaglandins in response to allergen binding. A. mast cells B. basophils C. monocytes D. lymphocytes E. neutrophils
Answer:
Mast cells. (Ans. A)
Explanation:
Mast cells are called the immune system of vertebrate species, they help to regulate some allergic responses, innate & adaptive immunity, and inflammation such as hypersensitivity. These cells circulate the amounts of their granules into the surrounding tissues, while stimulation by an allergen found and the process called degranulation.
Mast cells help to assist and awaken the immune system to local infection. Once these cells are activated, they generate inflammatory responses by secreting chemical mediators which are stored in preformed granules, and after activation occurs synthesizing leukotrienes and cytokines.
A gardener is growing plants in his backyard and decides to mate a Tall, White flowering plant (DDww) with a Dwarf, Purple (ddWW) flowering plant of the same species. When the plants start to bloom he is surprised that the pair has only produced Tall, Purple offspring. In your own words, explain how this is possible.
Answer:
Tallness allele is dominant over dwarfness allele and purple allele is dominant over white allele.
Explanation:
Tall, white flowering plant DDww was mated with dwarf, purple flowering plant (ddWW).
DDww x ddWW
Offspring: all DdWw (tall and purple)
Since all the offspring appeared tall and purple, it means that the tallness allele (D) is dominant over the dwarfness allele (d) while the purpleness allele (W) is dominant over the whiteness allele (w). Both d and w are said to be recessive.
In a trait that is defined by dominant/recessive alleles, the dominant allele always masks the expression of the recessive allele.
1. You homogenize a cell and isolate it from a vesicle derivative from the endoplasmic reticulum. When their biochemistry was analyzed, they were found to have the ability to synthesize testosterone. From what type of ER are they derived and name the human body cell?
Answer:
SER, they are capable of synthesizing testosterone of Adrenocortical cells.
Explanation:
Adrenal smooth microsomal cells are enriched in smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER, membranes of which contain high levels of translocation apparatus and oligosaccharyltransferase complex proteins. STEROID-SECRETING CELLS are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). These cells synthesize cholesterol as a precursor for steroid hormones or take up this substrate from plasma lipoproteins. Many of the enzymes for sterol and steroid synthesis are localized in the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle is particularly prominent in cells of the inner zones of the adrenal and fluctuates in amount and configuration in response to hormonal stimulation and sterol levels.
how do bones divide by shape? Give examples whilst explaining !
Answer:
dsfdsfdsfdfd
Explanation: