Iron is unsuitable for fuel cell electrodes due to its reactivity and corrosion, whereas platinum is favored for being inert and stable in electrochemical reactions.
Iron is not a suitable metal for the electrodes of a fuel cell because it is reactive and can undergo corrosion, especially when in contact with water, leading to the degradation of the cell's performance. Instead, platinum is often used for electrodes because it is an inert metal that does not react during redox processes. This ensures that the platinum electrodes do not appear in the overall electrochemical reaction of the cell, thus maintaining their integrity and the efficiency of the fuel cell.
my tens digit is 2 more than my hundreds digit and my ones digit is 1 more than my tens digit. my Hundreds digit is 5. what number am i?
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
578
what is the molarity of 2.60L solution that contains 67.3 grams of copper (ii) chloride
Answer:
0.193 M to the nearest thousandth.
Explanation:
Molar mass of copper (ii) chloride
= 63.546 + 2* 35.45
= 134.446 g.
So in 2.60L of 1 M solution there is 134.446 * 2.6
= 349.56 g of copper chloride.
So the molarity of our solution is 67.3 / 349.56
= 0.193 M.
You have 500 mL of 5 M HCI already made. You need to dilute the solution to 1 M HCI. How much water will you need to add?
a 2500 ml
062.01
CC 2.51
d 2.5 ml
Answer:
a. 2500 ml of water is needed
Explanation:
V1C1=V2C2
(500)(5)=(1)V2
2500/1=V2
2500 = v2
what is the usual composition of acid etch?
Answer:
Explanation:acid etching
etching
the cutting of a hard surface such as metal or glass by a corrosive chemical, usually an acid, in order to create a design.
etching - etching of dental enamel with an acid in order to roughen the surface, increase retention of resin sealant, and promote mechanical retention.
acid etching
microscopic roughening of dental enamel with an acid (usually phosphoric acid) to remove the smear layer and open enamel tubules, increase retention of resin sealant, and promote mechanical retention.
acid etching Dentistry
The application of a weak acid—e.g., 30% phosphoric acid—to the surface of enamel to roughen the surface of a tooth before bonding a resin or veneer; acid etching increases mechanical retention, cleans the enamel and improves the wetting of resins. See Cosmetic dentistry.
Acid etch typically involves dilute hydrofluoric acid or ammonium bifluoride for glass etching. Buffer mixtures, like acetic acid-acetate ion, need balanced components for effectiveness.
Explanation:The usual composition of acid etch typically involves using potent acids that are capable of reacting with glass or metal surfaces to create art or clean materials. For glass etching, dilute hydrofluoric acid has been traditionally used, which slowly dissolves the silica to create intricate designs. In some cases, compounds like ammonium bifluoride may also be employed for etching purposes. While creating buffer mixtures for various chemical processes, it is essential to maintain close concentrations of the buffer components to ensure effectiveness. For instance, with an acetic acid-acetate ion buffer, a significant pH change is noted when the concentration of acetic acid drops to about 10% of the acetate ion concentration. The selection of acids and buffers depends on the specific application and desired pH level.
y^2- 4x² - 4y—8x-16=0
transverse axis
Answer:
line segment of length 8 between the vertices at (-1, -2) and (-1, 6)Explanation:
The equation can be rearranged to standard form.
(y^2 -4y) -4(x^2 +2x) = 16
(y^2 -4y +4) -4(x^2 +2x +1) = 16 +4 -4
(y -2)^2 -4(x +1)^2 = 16
(y -2)^2 /16 -(x +1)^2/4 = 1
This is of the form ...
(y -k)^2/a^2 -(x -h)^2/b^2 = 1
where the transverse axis is 2a and the center is (h, k). Here, a=4, so 2a = 8.
The transverse axis is a vertical line segment of length 8, centered on (-1, 2).
The light reactions stage:
(A) occurs before the Calvin cycle
(B) requires light energy to work
(C) releases oxygen through the stomata
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above
Explanation:
The light reactions stage, occurs before the Calvin cycle, requires light energy to work, and releases oxygen through the stomata.
The light reactions stage occurs before the Calvin cycle , requires light energy to work and releases oxygen through the stomata.
Answer: D) all the above
Explanation
The light reactions stage is one of the two stages which occur during the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.
It is the first stage and second stage is Calvin cycle. So the first option is true which states that the light reactions stage occurs before the Calvin cycle.
In light reactions stage, the light energy of sun is captured by the chloroplast and this energy is the main trigger for starting the light reaction stage between the reactants carbon-di-oxide and water.
So the second option is also true i.e., the light reactions require light energy to work.
In light reaction stage, the water molecules will release oxygen gas from the stomata.
Thus all the options are true for light reactions stage in photosynthesis.
The Galilean moons are satellites of which planet? Jupiter Mars Saturn Uranus
Answer:
Jupiter
Explanation:
The Galilean moons of Jupiter are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
Answer:
Jupiter
Explanation:
The Galilean moons are the four largest moons of Jupiter, first found by Galileo Galilei in either December of 1609 or January of 1610. He recognized them are satellites in March of 1610.
A mixture of three noble gases has a total pressure of 1.25 atm. The individual pressures exerted by neon and argon are 0.68
atm and 0.35 atm, respectively. What is the partial pressure of the third gas, helium?
Use Py=P+P 2+P3+ +Pm
First of all, as you seen the gases are noble which means that will not react with each other and in this case each gas create individual pressure.
P[tex]_{T}[/tex]= total pressure
P[tex]_{Ne}[/tex] = pressure of neon
P[tex]_{Ar}[/tex] = pressure of argon
P[tex]_{He}[/tex] = pressure of helium {which is required}
P[tex]_{T}[/tex] = P[tex]_{Ne}[/tex] + P[tex]_{Ar}[/tex] + P[tex]_{He}[/tex]
1.25 = 0.68 + 0.35 + P[tex]_{He}[/tex]
P[tex]_{He}[/tex] = 1.25 - [0.68 + 0.35] = 0.22 atm
• identify early ideas about evolution
Answer:
There are two ideas about evolution.
1.) Religious
2.) Scientific
In religion, people believe that we were created through god.
In the scientific, people believe that we were created from apes and that throughout the time we became humans.
Explanation:
Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature. In the early 19th century Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution.
In classical Latin, though, evolution had first denoted the unrolling of a scroll, and by the early 17th century, the English word evolution was often applied to 'the process of unrolling, opening out, or revealing'. It is this aspect of its application which may have been behind Darwin's reluctance to use the term.
What is the pH of a 3.5 × 10-11 M
H+ solution?
Answer:
10.45
Explanation:
pH = -log [H+]
pH = -log ( 3.5*10^-11)
pH = 10.45
Answer:
10.45
Explanation:
when combined with alcohol some over the counter drugs can:
Can cause a chemacal reaction
can i have brainliest i need it
what type of bond forms between two oxygen atoms
Answer:A double convalescent bond is where two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms rather than just one pair. Two oxygen atoms can both achieve stable structures by sharing two pairs of electrons as in the diagram.
Explanation:
what is the weight of dark matter
Answer:
Knowing this, researchers from the University of Southern Denmark decided to investigate the size of these hypothetical hidden particles. According to the team, dark matter could weigh more than 10 billion billion (10^9) times more than a proton.
Explanation:
If this is true, a single dark matter particle could weigh about 1 microgram, which is about one-third the mass of a human cell (a typical human cell weighs about 3.5 micrograms), and right under the threshold for a particle to become a black hole.
Use the half-reaction method to balance the following equation which is in an acidic
solution:
ClO3-(aq) + I- (aq)
+I2 (s) + Cl- (aq)
Answer:
ClO₃⁻ + 6I⁻ + 6H⁺ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3I₂ + 3H₂O
Explanation:
Step 1. Write the skeleton equation
ClO₃⁻ + I⁻ ⟶ I₂ + Cl⁻
Step 2. Separate into two half-reactions.
ClO₃⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻
I⁻ ⟶ I₂
Step 3. Balance all atoms other than H and O
ClO₃⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻
2I⁻ ⟶ I₂
Step 4. Balance O by adding H₂O molecules to the deficient side.
ClO₃⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3H₂O
2I⁻ ⟶ I₂
Step 5. Balance H by adding H⁺ ions to the deficient side.
ClO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3H₂O
2I⁻ ⟶ I₂
Step 6. Balance charge by adding electrons to the deficient side.
ClO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3H₂O
2I⁻ ⟶ I₂ + 2e⁻
Step 7. Multiply each half-reaction by a number to equalize the electrons transferred.
1 × [ClO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3H₂O]
3 × [ 2I⁻ ⟶ I₂ + 2e⁻]
Step 8. Add the two half-reactions.
ClO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3H₂O
6I⁻ ⟶ 3I₂ + 6e⁻
ClO₃⁻ + 6I⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3I₂ + 3H₂O + 6e⁻
Step 9. Cancel species that occur on each side of the equation
ClO₃⁻ + 6I⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3I₂ + 3H₂O + 6e⁻
becomes
ClO₃⁻ + 6I⁻ + 6H⁺ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3I₂ + 3H₂O
Step 10. Check that all atoms are balanced.
[tex]\begin{array}{ccc}\textbf{Atom} & \textbf{On the left} & \textbf{On the right}\\\text{Cl} & 1 & 1\\\text{O} & 3 & 3\\\text{I} & 6 & 6\\\text{H} & 6 & 6\\\end{array}[/tex]
Step 11. Check that charge is balanced
[tex]\begin{array}{rl}\textbf{On the left} & \textbf{On the right}\\6+ + \; 7- = & 1-\\1- =& 1-\\\end{array}[/tex]
Everything checks. The balanced equation is
ClO₃⁻ + 6I⁻ + 6H⁺ ⟶ Cl⁻ + 3I₂ + 3H₂O
The balanced equation is: ClO₃⁻(aq) + 5I⁻ (aq) + 6H⁺ → I₂ (s) + Cl⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O(l)
To balance the given equation using the half-reaction method in an acidic solution, we need to balance each half-reaction separately and then combine them.
Step 1: Balance the atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen.
The given equation already has the same number of iodine and chlorine atoms on both sides.
Step 2: Balance the oxygen atoms by adding water molecules.
ClO₃⁻(aq) + I⁻ (aq) → I₂ (s) + Cl⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O(l)
Step 3: Balance the hydrogen atoms by adding hydrogen ions (H⁺).
6H⁺ + ClO₃⁻(aq) + I⁻ (aq) → I₂ (s) + Cl⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O(l)
Step 4: Balance the charges by adding electrons (e⁻).
6H⁺ + ClO₃⁻(aq) + 5I⁻ (aq) → I₂ (s) + Cl⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O(l) + 6e⁻
Step 5: Combine the half-reactions to get the balanced equation.
Since the number of electrons lost and gained are equal, we can combine the half-reactions to get the balanced equation:
ClO₃⁻(aq) + 5I⁻ (aq) + 6H⁺ → I₂ (s) + Cl⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O(l)
Therefore, the balanced equation is:
ClO₃⁻(aq) + 5I⁻ (aq) + 6H⁺ → I₂ (s) + Cl⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O(l)
What is the strongest intermolecular force between a NaCl unit and an H2O molecule together in a solution?
A.Covalent bonding
B.Dipole-dipole force
C.Hydrogen bonding
D.Ion-dipole force
Answer:
Ion dipole force.
Explanation:
When sodium chloride is dissolved in water it dissociates into sodium ion and chloride ion.
Sodium ion has positive charge on it.
Chloride ion has negative charge on it.
In water molecule, due to electronegativity difference, hydrogen acquires a slightly positive charge and oxygen a slightly negative charge.
This creates a dipole in water molecule.
Now the force of attraction between water and NaCl is in between the ions and the dipole.
Thus the strongest intermolecular force of attraction between NaCl and water is Ion-dipole.
What is a reaction rate?
Answer:
A reaction rate is a measure of how fast a reactant disappears or a product forms during a reaction.
Explanation:
It is usually defined as the change in concentration per unit time:
Δ(concentration)/Δt
The units are (moles per litre) per second.
In symbols, the units are mol/(L·s) or mol·L^-1 s^-1.
Which of the following increases the chance of a reaction when two
molecules collide?
O
A. Increasing the concentration of the molecules
O
B. Increasing the activation energy of the reaction
O
C. Decreasing the temperature of the system
O
D. Slowing down the speed of the molecules
Answer:
C. Decreasing the temperature of the system.
Explanation:
Decreasing the temperature of the system increases the chance of a reaction when two molecules collide.
The chance of a reaction when two molecules collide is increased by 'Increasing the concentration of the molecules', while the other options listed ('increasing the activation energy of the reaction', 'decreasing the temperature of the system', 'slowing down the speed of the molecules') actually decrease the chance of a reaction.
Explanation:The chance of a reaction when two molecules collide can be increased via one or more of several methods, each corresponding to different options presented in your question. Option A. Increasing the concentration of the molecules, leads to more frequent collisions and thus a higher chance of reaction. Option B. Increasing the activation energy of the reaction, instead, makes reactions less likely because more energy is needed for the reaction to occur. Option C. Decreasing the temperature of the system also reduces the chance of reaction as it slows down molecular motion and thus collisions. Option D. Slowing down the speed of the molecules also decreases the chance of reactions as it reduces the frequency of collisions. Based on these considerations, only Option A. Increasing the concentration of the molecules increases the chance of a reaction when two molecules collide.
Learn more about Chemical Reactions here:https://brainly.com/question/34137415
#SPJ6
why is the structure of a molecule important to its function
Answer:
It determines how biological molecules recognize and respond to one another with specificity.
Explanation:
A molecule has a characteristic size and shape. The precise shape of a molecule is usually very important to its function in the living cell. Molecular shape is crucial in biology because it determines how biological molecules recognize and respond to one another with specificity.
Answer:
the structure of a molecule affects how it interacts with other molecules
Explanation:
I took the test
Describe the energy in nuclear fuel and the way in which it’s converted to electrical energy.
Nuclear energy is formed by the splitting of a heavy atom into lighter atom the result of which is the release of energy in the process – this energy is the nuclear energy that binds the nucleons together. With many atoms in a single fuel rod, the energy amounts to millions and billions of orders of magnitude. This energy is released and used to heat water that turns to steam and used to move turbine generators that produce electricity.
What is heat vaporization?
A)it is the heat required to change a substance’s temp by 1degreeC.
B)it is the heat required to change a gram of substance from a solid to a liquid.
C)it is the heat required to change a substance from a solid directly to a gas.
D)It is the heat required to change a gram of substance from a liquid to a gas.
E)It is the heat required to separate one substance into two substances.
Hi!!
CORRECT ANSWER = D
Heat vaporization is
D- It's the heat required to change a gram of substance from a liquid to a gas
☺☺☺
Where do new root cells from?
A. behind the root cap
B. inside root hairs
C. on top of the root cap
D. under the cortex
Answer:
behind the root cap- A.
what is the mass of 6.80 moles H2O
H= 1.008 amu O = 15.999 amu
The mass of 6.80 moles of H₂O, given H= 1.008 amu and O = 15.999 amu, is 122.502 grams. This was determined by first calculating the molar mass of H₂O and then using it to find the total mass. The molar mass of H₂O is 18.015 g/mol, calculated as 2 × 1.008 g/mol + 1 × 15.999 g/mol.
Step-by-Step Explanation
Calculate the molar mass of H₂O:
The molar mass of H₂O is calculated by adding the masses of its constituent atoms:
Molar mass of H₂O = 2(H) + 1(O)
Given H = 1.008 amu and O = 15.999 amu,
Molar mass of H₂O = 2 × 1.008 g/mol + 15.999 g/mol = 18.015 g/mol
Use the molar mass to find the mass of water:
We know that:
Number of moles (n) = 6.80 moles
Molar mass (M) = 18.015 g/mol
Mass (m) = n × M
Therefore, Mass = 6.80 moles × 18.015 g/mol = 122.502 g
The mass of 6.80 moles of H₂O is 122.502 grams.
A piece of silver metal has a mass of 3.687 grams. If the density of silver is 10.5 g/cm, what is the volume of the silver?
Answer:
Volume = (0.62 m)^3
Explanation:
If the density of silver is 10.5 g/cm, the volume of the silver is (0.62 m)^3.
Final answer:
The volume of the silver metal with a mass of 3.687 grams and a density of 10.5 g/cm³ is approximately 0.3511 cm³.
Explanation:
The question is asking to calculate the volume of a piece of silver metal given its mass and the density of silver. To find the volume, you can use the formula Volume = Mass / Density. Given that the mass of the silver metal is 3.687 grams and the density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3, you can calculate the volume as follows:
Volume = 3.687 g / 10.5 g/cm3
Volume = 0.3511 cm3
Therefore, the volume of the silver is approximately 0.3511 cm3.
Which example best demonstrates Charles’s law?
A.
The volume of a hot air balloon increases as the air inside it is heated.
B.
The pressure inside a pressure cooker increases as the food inside is heated.
C.
A balloon filled with air expands as it rises in altitude.
D.
A syringe pulls in air as the plunger is pulled back.
Answer:
D. A syringe pulls in air as the plunger is pulled back.
Explanation:
As per Charles’s law
At constant pressure for a given amount of a gas,
Volume is directly proportional to its temperature.
Directly proportional means when one increases the other one too will increase. That is when volume increases temperature too will increase. When volume decreases, temperature too will show a decrease.
Option A tells us that the volume of the hot air balloon increase due to the rise(increase) in temperature as the balloon is heated
Thus the expression is [tex]V \propto T[/tex]
[tex]\frac {V}{T} = k[/tex] where k is a constant
When there is a change in the volume and temperature the expression will be
[tex]\frac {V_1}{T_1} = \frac {V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where [tex]V_1[/tex] and [tex]T_1[/tex] are the initial volume and initial temperature and [tex]V_2[/tex] and [tex]T_2[/tex] are the final volume and temperature.
Final answer:
The best example of Charles's Law is the increase in the volume of a hot air balloon as the air inside it is heated. This demonstrates the direct proportionality between the volume of a gas and its temperature when pressure and the amount of gas are constant. So the correct option is A.
Explanation:
The question pertains to Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in kelvins), provided the pressure and the amount of gas remain constant. The best demonstration of Charles's Law among the given options is 'The volume of a hot air balloon increases as the air inside it is heated.' This is because as the air inside the balloon is heated, its molecules increase in kinetic energy, which leads to an increase in volume, causing the balloon to expand.
Which solution is an example of a nonelectrolyte?
Potassium chloride is an electrolyte, fructose and isopropyl alcohol are nonelectrolytes, and magnesium hydroxide is an electrolyte.
Explanation:1. Potassium chloride is an ionic compound and when it dissolves in water, its ions separate, making it an electrolyte.
2. Fructose is a molecular compound, and when it dissolves in water, it does not produce ions. Therefore, it is a nonelectrolyte.
3. Isopropyl alcohol is an organic molecule and its bonding is all covalent. When isopropyl alcohol dissolves in water, it separates into individual molecules but not ions. Thus, it is a nonelectrolyte.
4. Magnesium hydroxide is an ionic compound, so when it dissolves, it dissociates into ions, making it an electrolyte.
What is the total number of electrons that can occupy the f sub level
Answer:
14 Electrons
Explanation:
I know because I know
Answer:
14 electrons can occupy the f sub level
Explanation:
Electronic configuration is the short representation which we use to represent the structure of an atom.
Atomic number of phosphorus is 15 so it has 15 electrons.
The electronic configuration of Phosphorus is given as [tex]1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3[/tex]
Here the superscript number represents the electrons 2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 3 = 15 electrons of Phosphorus
Orbital diagram too is used for this purpose.
A circle or a square is used to represent an orbital.
This is the orbital diagram of Radon (atomic number -86)
Each orbital occupies 2 electron.
Shells are named using letters K, L, M, N and so on or using numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.,
The number of electrons, a shell can accommodate is found using formula [tex]2n^2[/tex] where n is the number of the shell.
Shell 1 contains subshell s
Shell 2 contains subshell s, p
Shell 3 contains subshell s, p, d
Shell 4 contains subshell s, p, d, f
Subshells or sub level are represented by letters s, p, d, f, g, h, i and so on.
s contains 1 orbital with 2 electrons
p subshell contains 3 orbital with 6 electrons
d with 5 orbitals and 10 electrons
f with 7 orbitals and 14 electrons.
(Answer)
How does the reaction, A + BC ⇌ AB + C, differ from the reaction, N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 + energy, by which ammonia is synthesized?
Answer:
N₂+3H₂ ⇄2NH₃ is a thermochemical reaction whereas A+BC⇄AB is not.
A+BC⇄AB is a reaction of pure a element with a compound while N₂+3H₂ ⇄2NH₃ is a reaction between two pure elements.
Explanation:
Let A+BC⇄AB be equation i and N₂+3H₂ ⇄2NH₃ be equation ii.
The two reactions differ in that ii is a thermo-chemical reaction whereas i is not. This is because energy is included in reaction ii but not included in reaction i.
Also i is a reaction of pure a element with a compound while ii is a reaction between two pure elements. The compound is BC while the pure element is A.
Answer:
A is a single displacement reaction; B is a combination (synthesis) reaction.
Explanation:
The first reaction
A + BC → AB + C
This is a single displacement reaction, in which an element A displaces another element C from its compound BC.
The second reaction
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
The coefficients don't matter in determining the type of reaction, so we can rewrite this equation as
A + B → AB
It then becomes more obvious that this is a combination (synthesis) reaction, in which two elements combine to form a compound.
If it requires 35.0 milliliters of 0.50 molar NaOH to neutralize 25.0 milliliters of HCl, what is the concentration of the HCl solution? (3 points)
Balanced equation: NaOH + HCl yields NaCl + H2O
Select one:
a. 0.36 M HCl
b. 0.70 M HCl
c. 1.1 M HCl
d. 1.4 M HCl
Answer:
1.4
Explanation:
35 times .5 =25 times C. you have to get C by itself so you would have to do 35 times .5 and you get 17.5, than ÷ it by 25 and you get 1.4
Answer:
b. 0.70 M HCl is the Answer
Explanation:
Molarity (M), Molality (m), Normality (N), Mass %, Parts per million(ppm), billion(ppb), thousands(ppt) are some of the terms we use to represent the concentration of the solution that is to represent the amount of solute present in a solvent.
The Balanced Chemical equation is :
[tex]NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H_2 O[/tex]
Molarity is moles of solute present in 1L of the solution. The formula to find Molarity is
[tex]Molarity = \frac {(moles solute)}{(volume of solution in L)}[/tex] and its unit is mol/L
Rearranging the formula
We get
Moles = Molarity × Volume
Plugging in the values
[tex]moles of NaOH=0.50M\times35mL (M=mol/L)[/tex]
[tex]=0.50 mol/L \times 0.035L=0.0175 moles NaOH[/tex]
Mole ratio of NaOH: HCl is 1:1
So moles of NaOH = moles of HCl = 0.0175moles
So,
[tex]Molarity = \frac {(moles solute)}{(volume of solution in L)}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac {0.0175mol}{25mL}\\\\=\frac {0.0175mol}{0.025L}\\\\=0.70M[/tex]
(Answer)
Which is true of Saturn's satellite, Titan?
O
A. It is about half the size of the planet it orbits.
O
B. It is Saturn's only satellite.
C. Its surface temperature is much warmer than the surface
temperature of Earth.
D
D. It may be similar to Earth's early conditions.
Answer:
D. It may be similar to Earth's early conditions.
Explanation:
Titan is one of the many satellites orbiting planet saturn. This satellite is very interesting as it shows a lot of similarities with the conditions at play when the early earth formed.
The early earth atmosphere was made up of reduced gases lacking in oxygen. Titan's atmosphere also share this similarity. It's atmosphere is predominantly made up of nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide.
Titan also has a rocky surface just like earth and it has an atmospheric cover.
Answer:
it may be similar to earths early conditions
Explanation:
What energy is required to move from Ca+Ca+ to Ca2+Ca2+ + e−e−?
Answer:
Second Ionization energy
Explanation:
Let us write the reaction equation properly:
Ca⁺ → Ca²⁺ + e⁻
In the reaction above, we see that calcium goes from a single charge to being doubly charged by losing an electron.
Different atoms binds their valence electrons with different amount of energy. We must supply enough energy to remove the most losely held electrons in an atom. This amount of energy required is called the ionization energy.
The first ionization energy removes the outermost electron and makes the atom to become an ion.