Answer:
q = 2.343 W/m^2
Explanation:
Given data:
Ambient temperature = 0°C
Normal Body temperature = 37 °C
Thermal conductivity of tissue is K 0.3W/m °K
Heat transfer coefficient 20 W/m2 °K
Heat flux can be determined by using following formula
[tex]q = \frac{\Delta T}{\frac{c}{K} + \frac{1}{h}}[/tex]
putting all value to get flux value
[tex]q = \frac{37 -0}{\frac{4\times 10^{-3}}{0.3} + \frac{1}{20}}[/tex]
q = 2.343 W/m^2
In natural convection heat transfer, the parameter
a) Nusselt Number
b) Rayleigh Number
c) Grashof Number
c) Lewis Number
Answer:
correct answer is option c i.e Grashof Number
Explanation:
The Grashof number is a dimensionless number, which is named after renowned scientist Franz Grashof. The Grashof quantity is defined as the proportion of the buoyant force to viscous force performing on a fluid in a pace boundary layer.
Its function in natural convection is more or less the same as that of Reynolds's number in compelled convection.
A chemist needs to create a series of standard Cu2 (aq) solutions for an absorbance experiment. For the first standard, he uses a pipet to transfer 25.00 mL of a 2.96 M Cu2 (aq) stock solution to a 250.0 mL volumetric flask and adds enough water to dilute to the mark. He then uses a second pipet to transfer 20.00 mL of the second solution to a 100.0 mL volumetric flask and adds enough water to dilute to the mark. Calculate the concentration of the Cu2 (aq) solution in the 100.0 mL volumetric flask.
Answer:
The concentration of the Cu2 in the 100.0 ml volumetric flask is 0.0592 M
Explanation:
In the first dilution, Cu2 was diluted ten times (25 / 250 = 1/10). Then, this dilution was diluted again, but now five times (20 / 100 = 1/5). In total, the solution was diluted 50 times (1/10 * 1/5 = 1/50). The final concentration will be 2.96 M / 50 = 0.0592 M
The quantity of the solute or the substance present in the solution is called the concentration. The concentration of the [tex]\rm Cu_{2}[/tex] in the volumetric flask is 0.0592 M.
What is concentration?Concentration is the molarity of the substance and is given as the ratio of the moles of the solute with the volume in litres.
Given,
The volume of [tex]\rm Cu_{2}[/tex] by first pipet = 25 mlVolume of stock solution = 250 mlThe [tex]\rm Cu_{2}[/tex] is diluted ten times at first,
[tex]\dfrac {25}{250}= \dfrac{1}{10}[/tex]
Given,
Volume of [tex]\rm Cu_{2}[/tex] by second pipet = 20 mlVolume of stock solution = 100 mlThe [tex]\rm Cu_{2}[/tex] is diluted five times the second time,
[tex]\dfrac {20}{100}= \dfrac{1}{5}[/tex]
Total dilution of the solution was done 50 times as,
[tex]\dfrac{1}{10}\times \dfrac{1}{5} = \dfrac{1}{50}[/tex]
The final concentration of the solution will be,
[tex]\dfrac{2.96 \;\rm M}{50} = 0.0592 \;\rm M[/tex]
Therefore, the final concentration is 0.0592 M.
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I have a 5 M stock solution of KCI (For a protocol 100 mM KCl is considered "1X" concentration). If I want to make 10 ml of a 4X concentration KCl solution, how much 5 M stock and how much water do I need to add together?
Answer:
You need 0.8 ml of 5M stock solution and you have to add 9.2 ml of water.
Explanation:
Protocol solution (1X): 100 mM=0.1M
4X: 0.4M
The concentration of a solution is inversely proportional to the volume of a solution, so:
[tex]M_{1}V_{1}=M_{2}V_{2}[/tex]
where:
M1= 5M stock solution
V1= amount of solution we need to collect
M2=4X solution
V2= 10 ml (volumen of 4X solution)
Therefore:
5M×V1=0.4M×10ml
V1={0.4M}{5M}10ml=0.8ml
[tex]5M*V_{1}=0.4M*10ml\\ V_{1}=\frac{0.4M}{5M}10ml=0.8ml[/tex]
To make a 10 ml solution we have to add 9.2 ml of water because V2 es 10 ml.
To find the formula of a compound composed of iron and carbon monoxide, Fex(CO)y, the compound is burned in pure oxygen, an reaction that proceeds according to the following unbalanced equation.
Fex(CO)y + O2 --> Fe2O3 + CO2
If you burn 1.959 g. of Fex(CO)y and obtain 0.799 g. of Fe2O3 and 2.200 g. of CO2, what is the empirical formula of Fex(CO)y?
Answer:
The empirical formula is: Fe(CO)₅
Explanation:
According the global reaction:
Feₓ(CO)y + O₂ → Fe₂O₃ + CO₂
You should calculate Fe₂O₃ and CO₂ moles, thus:
0,799 Fe₂O₃ grams × [tex]\frac{1 mole}{159.69 Fe2O3 g}[/tex] = 5,00×10⁻³ Fe₂O₃ moles
2,200 CO₂ grams × [tex]\frac{1 mole}{44,01 CO2 g}[/tex] = 5,00×10⁻²CO₂ moles
The ratio between Fe₂O₃ moles and CO₂ moles is 1:10. Thus ratio between x and y must be 1:5 because Fe₂O₃ has 2 irons but CO₂ has just one carbon.
Assuming the formula is Fe₁(CO)₅ the molecular weight is 195,9 g/mol. Thus:
1,959 Fe(CO)₅ grams × [tex]\frac{1 mole}{195,9 Fe(CO)5 g}[/tex] = 1,00×10⁻² Fe(CO)₅ moles
Thus, assuming 1,00×10⁻² moles as basis for calculation, the global reaction is:
1 Fe(CO)₅ + ¹³/₂O₂ → ¹/₂ Fe₂O₃ + 5 CO₂
With this balanced equation the moles produced have sense, thus, the empirical formula is: Fe(CO)₅
I hope it helps!
The empirical formula of the compound Fex(CO)y, formed from 1.959 g of the substance producing 0.799 g of Fe²O³ and 2.200 g of CO², is Fe(CO)⁵.
Explanation:To determine the empirical formula of the compound Fex(CO)y, we must first find the moles of iron (Fe) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the compound. Given that 0.799 g of Fe²O³ and 2.200 g of CO² were produced, we can calculate the number of moles of Fe and C using their molar masses (Fe: 55.85 g/mol, C: 12.01 g/mol, O: 16.00 g/mol).
From Fe²O³, the mass of Fe is 0.799 g x (2 mol Fe / 159.69 g Fe²O³) = 0.0100 mol Fe.
From CO², the mass of C is 2.200 g x (1 mol C / 44.01 g CO²) = 0.0500 mol C.
To find the mole ratio, we use the smallest number of moles as a divisor. Here, it is 0.0100 mol Fe. The ratio of Fe to C in the compound is 0.0100 mol Fe / 0.0100 mol = 1 Fe to 0.0500 mol C / 0.0100 mol = 5 CO.
Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is Fe(CO)5.
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The rate of decomposition of N2O5 in CCl4 at 317 K has been studied by monitoring the concentration of N2O5 in the solution. 2 N2O5(g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g) Initially the concentration of N2O5 is 2.36 M. At 177 minutes, the concentration of N2O5 is reduced to 2.16 M. Calculate the average rate of this reaction in M/min.
Answer:
Average rate of reaction is 0.000565 M/min
Explanation:
Applying law of mass action for the given reaction:
Average rate = [tex]-\frac{1}{2}\frac{[N_{2}O_{5}]}{\Delta t}=\frac{1}{4}\frac{\Delta [NO_{2}]}{\Delta t}=\frac{\Delta [O_{2}]}{\Delta t}[/tex]
Where, [tex]-\frac{1}{2}\frac{[N_{2}O_{5}]}{\Delta t}[/tex] represents average rate of disappearance of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex], [tex]\frac{1}{4}\frac{[NO_{2}]}{\Delta t}[/tex] represents average rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] and [tex]\frac{[O_{2}]}{\Delta t}[/tex] represents average rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex]
Here,[tex]-\frac{[N_{2}O_{5}]}{\Delta t}[/tex] = [tex]-\frac{(2.16-2.36)}{(177-0)}M/min=0.00113M/min[/tex]
So average rate of reaction = [tex][tex]-\frac{1}{2}\frac{[N_{2}O_{5}]}{\Delta t}[/tex][/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (0.00113M/min)=0.000565M/min[/tex]
In the lab, you choose to design a simple experiment to distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. You start by adding equal amounts of vinegar and oil to a container. After shaking, the vinegar and oil levels separate, based upon polarity and density. To this you add glucose and sodium citrate and shake again. Where do you expect to find the glucose and sodium citrate in greatest quantities?
Explanation:
It is known that like dissolves like because the solubility of any solute basically depends on its solvents polarity.
Water loving solutes are known as hydrophilic in nature.
For example, glucose or sugar is able to dissolve in polar solvents like water because they are polar themselves.
Whereas molecules that repel water molecules are known as hydrophobic in nature. So, non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water because they form aggregates and hence, non-polar molecules do not dissolve in polar solvents.
But non-polar solvents dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Hence, when vinegar and oil are mixed together then they will not dissolve because they are immiscible. As vinegar is like water so, it is able to dissolve hydrophilic molecules.
And, oil being non-polar in nature will not dissolve in polar solvents.
Whereas glucose and sodium sitrate are both hydrophilic in nature which means that they will dissolve in water but not in any organic solvent.
Thus, we can conclude that when we add glucose and sodium citrate to a mixture of vinegar then both the solutes will dissolve in it.
In a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has one more proton than the base b. one fewer proton than the base. C. two fewer protons than the base. d. the same number of protons as the base. 17 a. TO17 O 0001
Answer:
Statement (a) is true
Explanation:
Conjugate base of an acid is formed from deprotonation of corresponding acid.For an example, consider an acid e.g. [tex]CH_{3}COOH[/tex] (acetic acid)Acid-base equilibrium for acetic acid in aqueous solution is represented as: [tex]CH_{3}COOH+H_{2}O\rightarrow CH_{3}COO^{-}+H_{3}O^{+}[/tex]Here [tex]CH_{3}COO^{-}[/tex] (acetate ion) is the conjugate base of acetic acid.So, clearly, acetic acid has one more proton as compared to acetate ionHence statement (a) is true
In a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has one fewer proton than the base.
Explanation:In a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has one fewer proton than the base. When a proton (H+) is removed from an acid, it forms its conjugate base which has one less proton. For example, water (H2O) is an acid in the conjugate acid-base pair H2O/OH-, where water (H2O) has one more hydrogen ion (H+) than the hydroxide ion (OH-), which is the conjugate base.
The acid-base pairs can be represented as:
H2O/OH-H3PO4/H2PO4-H2SO4/HSO4-NH4+/NH3Which of the following statements are true concerning ionic bonding? Select one: a. Ionic bonding occurs between a metal, which has a high affinity for electrons, and a nonmetal, which loses electrons relatively easy. b. CaCl2 forms because Ca2+ is always a more stable species than the calcium atom alone. c. Compounds with ionic bonds tend to have low melting points. d. The electronegativity difference between the bonding atoms of ionic compounds is small since the electrons are not shared but rather held together by electrostatic forces. e. All of the above statements are false.
Ionic bonding occurs when a metal loses electrons to a nonmetal, forming ions. Contrary to the given propositions, these compounds typically have high, not low, melting points due to the high electronegativity differences between the bonding atoms, leading to ionic, not covalent, bonds. Not all the provided statements about ionic bonding are false.
Explanation:In evaluating the statements about ionic bonding, we can identify the following truths: Ionic bonding occurs when there's a transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, producing ions—a metal tends to lose electrons, becoming a cation (positive ion), while the nonmetal gains these electrons, morphing into an anion (negative ion)
Statement a, therefore, is incorrect because it flips the properties of metals and nonmetals. As for statement b, it's true: CaCl2 does form due to Ca²+ being more stable than a single calcium atom. Exploring statement c, ionic compounds—like CaCl2—notably possess high (not low) melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces (ionic bonds) holding the ions together. Lastly, statement d is false because the electronegativity difference between the bonding atoms of ionic compounds is large, not small. This large difference leads to the transfer of electrons instead of sharing them (like in covalent bonds where electronegativity differences are smaller). Statement e falsely claims all previous propositions are incorrect—the truth is mixed!
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Write 0.00004565 in Scientific Notation with 4 significant figures
Answer: Scientific notation with 4 significant figures is [tex]4.565\times 10^{-5}[/tex]
Explanation:
Significant figures : The figures in a number which express the value -the magnitude of a quantity to a specific degree of accuracy is known as significant digits.
Rules for significant figures:
Digits from 1 to 9 are always significant and have infinite number of significant figures.
All non-zero numbers are always significant.
All zero’s between integers are always significant.
All zero’s preceding the first integers are never significant.
All zero’s after the decimal point are always significant.
Scientific notation is defined as the representation of expressing the numbers that are too big or too small and are represented in the decimal form with one digit before the decimal point times 10 raise to the power.
As we are given that the value is 0.00004565
This number is written in scientific notation as : [tex]4.565\times 10^{-5}[/tex]
Therefore the scientific notation with 4 significant figures is [tex]4.565\times 10^{-5}[/tex]
About 45 million tons (US) of sulfuric acid are manufactured every year in the world; the largest amount (by weight) of any chemical produced by man. As produced it has a density of 1.82 gm/cm? a) What is the production rate of sulfuric acid per person on the Earth in kg/person? b) What is the annual global production rate of sulfuric acid in yd?
Answer:
To convert tons to kg you need to multiply it by 1000. So you have 45,000,000,000 kg of sulfuric acid produced each year in the world, you also know that the world population was 7,530,000,000 in 2017. So if you divide the amount of sulfuric acid by the world population you obtain the production rate, that is 5.976 kg/person. For the b), you know that 91.44 cm are 1 yd, and that 100 g are 1 kg, so you convert 1.82g/cm to 0.16642 kg/yd, now you just multiply it by 45,000,000,000 kg/year, so the annual rate in yd is 7,488,900,000 yd/year.
You want to determine the density of a compound but have only tiny crystal, and it would be difficult to measure mass and volume accurately. There is another way to determine density, however called the flotation method. If you placed the crystal in a liquid whose density is precisely that of the substance, it would be suspended in the liquid, neither sinking to the bottom of the beaker nor floating to the surface. However, for such an experiment, you would need to have a liquid with the precise density of the crystal. You can accomplish this by mixing two liquids of different densities to create a liquid having the desired density a a Consider the following: you mix 7.30 mL of CHCI3 (d = 1.492 g/mL) and 8.90 mL of CHBT3 (d = 2.890 g/mL) giving 16.2 mL of solution. What is the density of this mixture? Density = g/mL
Answer:
2.26g/mL
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Volume of CHCl₃ = 7.3mL
Density of CHCl₃ = 1.492g/mL
Volume of CHBT₃ = 8.9mL
Density of CHBT₃ = 2.89g/mL
Unkown:
Density of the mixture = ?
Solution
Density can be defined as the mass per unit volume of substance. It is usually expressed using the equation below:
Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
For the given liquids, the volumes are known but we do not know their masses:
To derive the mass, we simply make mass the subject of the formula in the density equation.
Mass of the liquid = Density of liquid x volume
mass of CHCl₃ = 7.3 x 1.492 = 10.89g
mass of CHBT₃ = 8.9 x 2.89 = 25.72g
Now to calculate the density of the mixture:
Density = [tex]\frac{mass of CHCl_{3} + mass of CHBT_{3} }{Volume of CHCl_{3} + volume of CHBT_{3} }[/tex]
Density of mixture = [tex]\frac{10.89 + 25.72}{7.3 + 8.9}[/tex] = 2.26g/mL
Final answer:
To calculate the density of a mixture made from CHCl3 and CHBr3, combine the masses of each component based on their volumes and densities, and then divide by the total volume to get a density of 2.26 g/mL.
Explanation:
To determine the density of a mixture made by combining 7.30 mL of CHCl3 (d = 1.492 g/mL) and 8.90 mL of CHBr3 (d = 2.890 g/mL) yielding a total volume of 16.2 mL, we follow these steps:
Calculate the mass of CHCl3 used: 7.30 mL × 1.492 g/mL = 10.8916 g.
Calculate the mass of CHBr3 used: 8.90 mL × 2.890 g/mL = 25.721 g.
Add the masses of CHCl3 and CHBr3 to find the total mass of the mixture: 10.8916 g + 25.721 g = 36.6126 g.
Use the formula for density = mass / volume to calculate the density of the mixture: 36.6126 g / 16.2 mL = 2.26 g/mL.
Therefore, the density of the mixture is 2.26 g/mL.
According to Wookieepedia, Kylo Ren stands 1.89 m tall and his mass is 89 kg. Calculate his earth-weight in lbm. (2 pts) a. b. Assuming he has a 50% waist to height ratio, calculate his diameter in inches.
Answer:
a) 6312.12 lbm
b) D = 11.843 inch
Explanation:
GIVEN DATA:
Height of person = 1.89 m = 74.41 inch
mass of person m = 89 kg = 196.211 lbm
a) person earth weight =mg
where g is acceleration due to gravity = 32.17 ft/sec^2
[tex] = 196.211\times 32.17 = 6312.12 lbm[/tex]
b) waist to height ratio = 0.5
[tex]waist\ to\ height\ ratio = \frac{circumference\ of\ the\ waist}{height\ of\ the\ person}[/tex]
circumference of waist =[tex] height\ of\ person \times waist\ to\ height ratio[/tex]
[tex]= 74.41 inch \times 0.5[/tex]
=37.21 inch
we know that circumference is given as [tex]= 2\pi r\ or\ \pi D= 37.21[/tex]
D = 11.843 inch
The reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst yields Select one: amides O esters O no reaction occurs O aldehydes
Answer:
esters
Explanation:
The -OR group of the alcohol replaces the -OH of the carboxylic acid, forming an ester. See attachment for condensed mechanism.
Heat transfer through solid composites depend on (Lower composite heat conductivity • higher composite heat conductivity • Lower composite heat capacity • higher composite heat capacity
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
According to Fourier's equation,
Q = [tex]kA(\frac{\Delta T}{\Delta x})[/tex]
Also, [tex]\frac{Q}{A}[/tex] = q
So, q = [tex]k(\frac{\Delta T}{\Delta x})[/tex]
where, Q = quantity of heat transferred
A = area of heat transferred
q = rate of heat transfer
[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = change in temperature
[tex]\Delta x[/tex] = thickness
k = thermal conductivity of the solid material
Since rate of heat transfer is directly proportional to k, which is also known as thermal conductivity.
Therefore, it means that higher is the value of k higher will be rate of heat transfer (q). And, lower is the value of k lower will be the rate of heat transfer (q).
Thus, we can conclude that heat transfer through solid composites depend on higher composite heat conductivity.
An object weighing 10 grams is spinning in a centrifuge such that an acceleration of 13.0 g is imposed to it. The arm connecting the shaft to the object is r = 6.0 inches. If a = acceleration = rω2 where ω = angular speed in rad/s, determine:
Mass of the object in lbm
RPM (revolutions per minute) of the shaft
Force acting on the object in lbf
Answer:
1) 0.022 lbm
2) 276.253 RPM
3) 0.287 lbf
Explanation:
Given data:
mass = 10 kg
acceleration - [tex]13 g = 13\times 9.81 m/s^2 = 12[/tex]
7.53 m/s^2
r =6 inches = 0.1524 m
1) mass in lbm [tex]= 0.01\times 2.2 = 0.022 lbm[/tex]
as 1 kg = 2.2 lbm
2) acceleration [tex] = r \omega ^2[/tex]
[tex]127.53 = 0.1524 \times \omega^2[/tex]
[tex]\omega^2 = 836.811[/tex]
[tex] \omega = 28.927 rad/s[/tex]
[tex]1 rad/s = 9.55 RPM[/tex]
[tex][ 1 revolution = 2\pi, 1 rad/s = 1/2\pi RPS = \frac{60}{2\pi} RPM][/tex]
SO IN [tex]28.927 rad/s = \frac{60}{2\pi} \times 28.297 = 276.253 RPM[/tex]
3) Force in [tex]N = mass \times a = 0.01\times 127.53 = 1.2753 N[/tex]
[tex]= 1.2753\times 0.225 lbf = 0.287 lbf[/tex]
How many neutrons in an atom of 30p? O a. 17 O b. 30.974 O c. 15 O d. 14 O e. 16
Answer:
The correct option is: c. 15
Explanation:
Phosphorous is a chemical element which belongs to the group 15 of the periodic table and has atomic number 15. It is a highly reactive non-metal of the p-group.
Since, atomic number of an atom is the number of electrons and number of protons for neutral atoms.
So, the number of protons = number of electrons = 15
The atomic mass is obtained by adding the number of neutrons and the protons.
So, number of neutrons + number of protons = 30
So, number of neutrons + 15 = 30
Therefore, the number of neutrons in ³⁰P = 15
Which statement is true about obligate anaerobes? View Available Hint(s) Which statement is true about obligate anaerobes? They obtain energy by oxidizing ferrous ions. They will use O2 if it is present, but may obtain energy by fermentation if needed. They use O2 for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it. They are poisoned by O2. They live exclusively by cellular respiration or by anaerobic respiration.
Answer: They are poisoned by O₂
Explanation:
Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in normal concentrations of oxygen. Depending on the species, tolerance varies from 0.5% to 8% oxygen.
Under normal cellular conditions, O₂ turns into O₂⁻ and H₂O₂, toxic to the organism. Obligate anaerobes lack enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, capable of turning O₂⁻ and H₂O₂ back into breathable O₂.
The statement that is true about obligate anaerobes is they are poisoned by [tex]O_2[/tex].
Microorganisms known as obligatory anaerobes are incapable of surviving or developing in the presence of oxygen. They cannot detoxify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) created during aerobic respiration because they lack the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. As a result, oxygen is poisonous to them. When cells are exposed to oxygen, toxic byproducts can arise that injure the cells' biological constituents and ultimately cause cell death.
Obligate anaerobes are constrained to anaerobic metabolic pathways, in contrast to facultative anaerobes, which can flip between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on oxygen availability. Typically, they break down organic substances without the need of oxygen through fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce energy.
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Green plants use light from the Sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas from aqueous glucose and oxygen gas. Calculate the moles of glucose produced by the reaction of 2.40 moles of water. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to significant digits.
Answer: 0.4 moles of glucose are produced by the reaction of 2.40 moles of water.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a phenomenon in which green plants containing chlorophyll use sunlight as a source of energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to form glucose and oxygen.
The balanced chemical equation is:
[tex]6CO_2+6H_2O\overset{sunlight}\rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2[/tex]
According to stoichiometry:
6 moles of water produces = 1 mole of glucose
2.40 moles of water produces = [tex]\frac{1}{6}\times 2.4=0.4[/tex] moles of glucose
Thus 0.4 moles of glucose are produced by the reaction of 2.40 moles of water.
Rate law equation The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactants. For the general reaction between A and B, aA+bB⇌cC+dD The dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of each reactant is given by the equation called the rate law: rate=k[A]m[B]n where k is a proportionality constant called the rate constant. The exponent m determines the reaction order with respect to A, and n determines the reaction order with respect to B. The overall reaction order equals the sum of the exponents (m+n). Part A Part complete What is the reaction order with respect to A? Express your answer as an integer.
The reaction order with respect to reactant A in a rate law equation, such as rate=k[A]^m[B]^n is symbolized by the exponent 'm'. This indicates the dependency of the reaction rate on the concentration of A. It commonly takes integer values with variations understood experimentally.
Explanation:In the context of a rate law equation, like rate=k[A]^m[B]^n, the reaction order with respect to a reactant A is represented by the exponent m. This means items present in reactant A would contribute in a mathematical manner towards the reaction rate. It's important to note that this value is typically an integer.
For instance, if m=1, it implies that the reaction is first order with respect to A, meaning there is a linear relationship between the concentration of A and the reaction rate. If m=2, the reaction is second order in A, suggesting that the reaction rate is proportional to the square of A's concentration.
To establish the rate constant (k) and the reaction order (m and n), experimental techniques are employed to observe and tabulate the rate of reaction as the concentrations of reactants change. Bear in mind that k doesn't depend on concentration of reactants, but does fluctuate with temperature.
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The reaction order with respect to reactant A in the rate law equation rate = k[A]^m[B]^n is represented by the exponent m, which must be determined experimentally.
The reaction order with respect to a reactant in a rate law equation tells us how the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of that reactant. It is expressed as an exponent in the rate law equation. For reactant A, given the rate law equation rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, the reaction order with respect to A is the exponent m. This value of m must be determined from experimental data; it is not necessarily related to the stoichiometric coefficient of A in the overall balanced equation.
Why in a stream containing water, the mole fraction of a given
component as calculated on a wet basis will always be less
than the mole fraction of that same component as
calculated on dry basis.
Answer:
A liquid, at any temperature, is in equilibrium with its own steam. This means that on the surface of the liquid or solid substance, there are gaseous molecules of this substance. These molecules exert a pressure on the liquid phase, a pressure known as vapor pressure.
In chemistry, when we talk about dry basis, we talk about a state in which the presence of water in a gaseous state is denied for the calculation. So vapor pressure equals zero.
When we talk about the wet basis, the presence of water in the steam is considered for the calculation, which normally is expressed as a percentage or moisture.
In summary, for a gas mixture steam:
For dry basis, we just have component A, component B....For wet basis, we have water vapor, component A, component B...So, in wet basis we have an extra component (water).
Assuming we only have 2 components in our steam, and being X the molar fraction of eact component:
For dry basis: Xa + Xb = 1................................. Xa = 1 - XbFor wet basis: Xa + Xb + Xwater = 1 .............Xa = 1 - Xwater - XbFor dry basis the mole fraction of A it is obtained by subtracting the molar fraction of B from one. And for wet basis, we have to substract the molar fraction of B AND the molar fraction of water vapor. So, logically, the mole fraction Xa will be less for wet basis.
A mixture of methanol and propyl acetate contains 25.0 wt% methanol. (a) Using a single dimensional equation, determine the g-moles of methanol in 200.0 kg of the mixture. (b) The flow rate of propyl acetate in the mixture is to be 100.0Ib-moleh. What must the mixture flow rate be in lbm/h?
We determined the moles of methanol in a 200.0 kg mixture by using the given weight percentage and the molar mass of methanol. We also found the total flow rate of the mixture using the given flow rate of propyl acetate and the weight percentage of propyl acetate in the mixture.
Explanation:(a) To determine the g-moles of methanol in 200.0 kg of the mixture, you first need to find the mass of methanol in the mixture. As we know, the weight % of methanol in the mixture is 25.0. Hence, the weight of methanol in the mixture is 25.0 wt% of 200.0 kg, which equals 50,000 g. The molar mass of methanol (CH3OH) is approximately 32.04 g/mole. Thus, the moles of methanol in the mixture would be determined by dividing the mass of methanol by the molar mass of methanol, which comes out to be approximately 1562.4 moles (50,000 g / 32.04 g/mole).
(b) The flow rate of the total mixture can be obtained by using the wt% of propyl acetate in the mixture. We know that the mixture is 25.0 wt% methanol, so it is 75.0 wt% propyl acetate. Given the flow rate of propyl acetate is 100 lb-mole/h, the flow rate of the total mixture would be 100 lb-mole/h / 0.75, which equals approximately 133.3 lbm/h.
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The pH of blood depends on the [HCO3-/H2CO3] balance. ([H2CO3] is equal to the amount of dissolved CO2). Calculate the bicarbonate (HCO3-) : carbon dioxide ratio for a normal blood pH of 7.40. (the pKa1 of carbonic acid is 6.10 at 37oC, body temperature). (A) 20 : 1 (B) 1.3 :1 (C) 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 20 (E) 1 : 0.01
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
pH = 7.40, [tex][H_{2}CO_{3}][/tex] = [tex][CO_{2}][/tex]
[tex]pK_{a}[/tex] = 6.10
We have to find [tex]\frac{[HCO_^{-}{3}]}{[CO_{2}]}[/tex] = ?
According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,
pH = [tex]pK_{a} + log_{10} \frac{[Salt]}{[Acid]}[/tex]
Hence, putting the given values into the above equation as follows.
pH = [tex]pK_{a} + log_{10} \frac{[Salt]}{[Acid]}[/tex]
or, pH = [tex]pK_{a} + log_{10} \frac{[HCO^{-}_{3}]}{[H_{2}CO_{3}]}[/tex]
7.40 = 6.10 + [tex]log_{10} \frac{[HCO^{-}_{3}]}{[H_{2}CO_{3}]}[/tex]
[tex]log_{10} \frac{[HCO^{-}_{3}]}{[H_{2}CO_{3}]}[/tex] = 1.30
[tex]\frac{[HCO^{-}_{3}]}{[H_{2}CO_{3}]}[/tex] = antilog (1.30)
= 20
Since, it is given that [tex][H_{2}CO_{3}][/tex] = [tex][CO_{2}][/tex].
Therefore, [tex]\frac{[HCO^{-}_{3}]}{[H_{2}CO_{3}]}[/tex] or [tex]\frac{[HCO^{-}_{3}]}{[CO_{2}]}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{20}{1}[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that the bicarbonate (HCO3-) : carbon dioxide ratio for a normal blood pH of 7.40 is 20:1.
1457 (2.2x10^-8) follow up question: Identify the following as acidic, basic or neutral: pH = 4.56 pH = 10.4 [OH-] = 2.4x10-8 Reply Quote Select: All None Message Actions Expand All
Answer:
(a) pH = 4.56 is acidic
(b) pH = 10.4 is basic
(c) [OH-] = 2.4x10-8, thus [tex]pH = -Log (4.16x10^{-7}) = 6.3[/tex] is acidic
Explanation:
The pH is the mesure of the acidity or bacisity of a solution. It indicates the concentration of protons in a solution and it is define as:
[tex]pH = -Log ([H^{+}])[/tex]
The scale of pH goes from 1 to 14, being 1 the most acid condition and 14 de most basic condition. Also a pH = 7 is a neutral condition.
Therefore, if the pH is: 1 ≤ pH < 7 the solution will be acidic and if the pH is 7 < pH ≤ 14 the solution will be basic.
To answer (c) it is also necessary to consider the water autoionization to calculate the protons concentration as shown bellow
[tex]K_{w} =[H^{+} ][OH^{-}]=10^{-14}[/tex]
[tex][H^{+} ]=\frac{10^{-14}}{[OH^{-}]}[/tex]
For (c) [OH-] = 2.4x10-8
[tex][H^{+} ]=\frac{10^{-14}}{2.4x10^{-8}}=4.16x10^{-7}[/tex]
And using the definition of pH
[tex]pH = -Log (4.16x10^{-7}) = 6.3[/tex]
Which of the following is a strong base? КОН b. H2 11 c. NH d. HCI a.
Answer:
КОН
Explanation:
Potassium hydroxide -
It is an inorganic compound and commonly known as the caustic potash , with molecular formula of KOH .
It is highly soluble in water , and dissociates into its respective ions in water , i.e. , K⁺ and OH⁻
Potassium hydroxide is a very strong base and a colorless solid .
Hence , from the given compound , KOH , is the strongest base among all .
Which property of metals is explained by the "sea of electrons" within metallic bonding?
A. Malleability
B. All of the Above
C. Electrical conductivity
D. Thermal conductivity
Answer:
B. All of the Above
Explanation:
Sea of electrons -
This model of the metallic bonding helps in explaining the properties like , malleability , ductility ,high electrical conductivity , luster ,high thermal conductivity of the metals in solid state .
The metallic bonding is between metal atoms and the ionic bond links a metal and a non - metal together ,
In case of metallic bonding , bulk of metal atoms are joined .
hence from the question , all the given properties are correct .
which one have less friction loss ?
1- venturi
2- orrifice
3- nozzle
4- all the same
Answer:
1- venturi
Explanation:
Venturi
In venturi tube the friction is less as compare to the nozzle and the orifice .
Nozzle have a medium friction loss where as orifice have a very high friction loss of , approximately 75 - 80% loss .
Venturi tube have a convergent and a divergent section which helps to reduce the friction loss as compared to the orifice.
The value of the Discharge coefficient in venturimeter is Cd = 0.98 but orifice have discharge coefficient Cd = 0.68 .
What is the focus on the biological organization levels for ecology?
Answer:
The biology of the ecosystem is always studied from the composition of organisms, population and community.
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, various processes are sustained and these processes regulate the environment, as the biotic communities in the ecosystem make up the biosphere. Various life processes, their interaction, movement, and successional development ecosystem and the distribution of organisms are the focus of biological organization levels of ecology. First comes the organism ecology level as the researchers study their adaptations for the structure and physiographic behavior. Second is the population ecology level with a group of interbreeding organisms next level is of Community ecology and ecosystem ecology as they study the different species within the area using a three-dimensional model. After these the ecosystem ecology that is an extension of all the levels in the ecosystem. The natural environment can provide all the needed nutrients and life-supporting factors.In a molecule, such as the one shown, two or more atoms can share ___________ in a chemical bond Question 2 options: Electrons Protons Neutrons Metals
Answer:
option A= electrons
Explanation:
The molecules is formed when two or more atoms combine together through chemical bond. The atoms can be from same elements or from different elements. When atoms shares the electron a covalent bond is formed.
For example:
In hydrogen molecule H2 the two atom of hydrogen share their electrons and form a bond.
H· + H· → H-H OR ( H:H)
The force of attraction is electrostatic, between these two atoms.
The molecule can be formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms different elements.
For example:
In the molecule of ammonia (NH3) there are two different kind of atoms i.e, nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia consist of total four atoms. The one atom is nitrogen and others three atoms are of hydrogen.The nitrogen atom consist of five valance electrons, three electrons are used to form three covalent bond with hydrogen. While the one electron pairs is still present on nitrogen atom.The three hydrogen atoms are bonded with one nitrogen atom through single covalent bond for each atom.
Explain what D and L represent in stereoisomers
Final answer:
The D and L stereochemical descriptors are used to represent the configuration of stereoisomers in monosaccharides. The D- or L- designation is based on the position of the -OH group on the penultimate carbon in the Fisher projection. The D-configuration is commonly found in nature and only dextrorotary amino acids are used by cells to build proteins.
Explanation:
The D and L stereochemical descriptors are used to represent the configuration of stereoisomers, specifically in the context of monosaccharides or sugars. The designation of D or L is based on the position of the -OH group on the second-last carbon (penultimate C) in the Fisher projection. If the -OH group is on the right side, it is assigned D-configuration, and if it is on the left side, it is assigned L-configuration.
These descriptors do not indicate the rotation of plane polarized light, but purely define the configuration. Enantiomers that are D- and L- pairs have the same common name, with the D- or L- designation indicating their configuration. It's important to note that the D- and L- designation does not always correlate with the dextro/levo rotatory nature of the enantiomers in a polarimeter.
For example, D-glucose and L-glucose are enantiomers with the penultimate C defining D- or L-configuration. The D-configuration is commonly found in nature, and only dextrorotary d amino acids (L amino acids) are used by cells to build polypeptides and proteins.
What is the preferred electrical charge of a Sodium ion? O a. +1 O O O b. +2 Oco O O d.-1 O e. 2 O