Part A In a particular experiment at 300 ∘C, [NO2] drops from 0.0138 to 0.00886 M in 374 s . The rate of disappearance of NO2 for this period is ________ M/s. In a particular experiment at 300 , drops from 0.0138 to 0.00886 in 374 . The rate of disappearance of for this period is ________ . −6.06×10−5 6.60×10−6 7.57×104 2.64×10−5 1.32×10−5

Answer:

a) 40,75 atm

b) 30,11 atm

Explanation:

The Ideal Gas Equation is an equation that describes the behavior of the ideal gases:

                                     PV = nRT

where:

Note: We can express this values with other units, but we must ensure that the units used are the same as those used in the gas constant.

The truncated virial equation of state, is an equation used to model the behavior of real gases. In this, unlike the ideal gas equation, other parameters of the gases are considered as the intermolecular forces and the space occupied by the gas

[tex]\frac{Pv}{RT} = 1 + \frac{B}{v}[/tex]

where:

a) Ideal gas equation:

We convert our data to the adecuate units:

n = 5 moles

V = 3 dm3 = 3 L

T = 25°C = 298°K

We clear pressure of the idea gas equation and replace the data:

PV = nRT ..... P = nRT/V = 5 * 0,08205 * 298/3 =40,75 atm

b) Truncated virial equation:

We convert our data to the adecuate units:

n = 5 moles

V = 3 dm3 = 3 L

T = 25°C = 298°K

B = -156,7*10^-6 m3/mol = -156,7*10^-3 L/mol

We clear pressure of the idea gas equation and replace the data:

[tex]\frac{Pv}{RT} = 1 + \frac{B}{v} ...... P = (1 + \frac{B}{v}) \frac{RT}{v}[/tex]

and v = 3 L/5 moles = 0,6 L/mol

[tex]P = (1 + \frac{-156,7*10^{-3} }{0,6} ) \frac{0,08205*298}{0,6} = 30,11 atm[/tex]

Answer:

18840 lbf

Explanation:

Considering the physical equation:

[tex]F = PA[/tex]

It is possible to determine the force exerted by the piston if the maximum pressure developed ([tex]P_{max}[/tex]) and the area ([tex]A[/tex]) are previously known.

The area of the piston can be known through:

[tex]A = \pi *r^{2}[/tex]

Being [tex]r = \frac{d}{2} =  1~in[/tex]

Then

[tex]A = \pi * r^{2} = 3,14~in^{2}[/tex]

On the other hand, physical units of pressure in PSI are [tex]\frac{lbf}{in^{2}}[/tex], where the force is given in lbf.

Finally, the exerted force is:

[tex]F = 6000~PSI \cdot 3,14~in^{2} = 18840~lbf[/tex]

Explanation:

The specie produced when a strong acid is dissociated in water along with the proton is the conjugate base of that acid.

Consider a strong acid such as HCl which donates the proton so readily as it is a strong base and there is no tendency for conjugate base, which is [tex]Cl^-[/tex] to re accept that proton.  

A strong base is the one which accepts proton and holds it firmly. Thus, the strong acid has weak conjugate base.

A strong acid must have a weak conjugate base because once the strong acid donates its proton, the remaining base does not readily recapture it. This inverse relationship ensures that the acid can fully dissociate. For instance, HCl, a strong acid, has a weak conjugate base [tex]Cl^-[/tex].

A strong acid is characterized by its ability to donate protons easily. This means that once the acid has donated a proton, the resulting conjugate base is left behind. If this conjugate base were strong, it would readily attract and recapture the proton, preventing the acid from fully dissociating.

For instance, when HCl (a strong acid with a small [tex]pK_a[/tex]  of -7) dissociates, it forms [tex]Cl^-[/tex] ions. The [tex]Cl^-[/tex] ions do not easily regain a proton, making them a weak base. Therefore, we can say that the conjugate base of a strong acid is invariably weak.

Understanding the Relationship with [tex]pK_a[/tex]

Acids with small or negative [tex]pK_a[/tex] values are strong acids. Their corresponding conjugate bases are weak bases because they do not have a strong tendency to grab protons back. This is why HCl, with a very low [tex]pK_a[/tex], has a conjugate base ([tex]Cl^-[/tex] ) that is very weak.

Acid-Base Equilibrium

An important concept in acid-base chemistry is that an acid-base reaction favors the formation of the weaker acid and base. This means in an equilibrium reaction, the side with the stronger acid and stronger base converts into the weaker acid and weaker base.

To summarize:

Answer:

A 71 kg person will get a BAC of 0.05 when drinking 0.3442 L of beer

Explanation:

71 kg * 8/100 = 5.68 kg of blood.

5.68 kg * [tex]\frac{1m^{3}}{1025kg}[/tex] = 0.0055415 m³

We convert m³ into mL, keeping the unit that we want to convert to in the numerator; and the unit that we want to convert in the denominator:

[tex]0.0055415m^{3}*\frac{1000L}{1m^{3}} *\frac{1000mL}{1L}=5541.5mL[/tex]

[tex]\frac{5541.5mL}{100mL}*0.05g[/tex] = 2.77 g of alcohol are needed in the bloodstream in order to have a BAC of 0.05

2.77 g [tex]*\frac{100}{17} =[/tex] 16.29 g of alcohol need to be ingested

[tex]789\frac{kg}{m^{3}}*\frac{1000g}{1kg} *\frac{1m^{3}}{1000L}  =789g/L[/tex]

[tex]16.29g*\frac{1L}{789g}=[/tex] 0.02065 L of alcohol are needed.

[tex]0.02065L_{alcohol}*\frac{100L_{beer}}{6L_{alcohol}} =[/tex]0.3442 L of beer are needed.

To have a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.05, a 71 kg person would need to consume approximately 271.57 liters of beer with a 6% alcohol content, assuming that 17% of the alcohol ends up in the bloodstream.

First, let's calculate the total mass of blood in the body. The total weight of the body is 71 kg and blood comprises about 8 percent of body weight. Therefore, the mass of blood = 0.08 * 71 = 5.68 kg. Because the blood density is 1025 kg/m³, this implies that the volume of the blood is 5.68/1025 = 0.00554 m³, or 5.54 liters. When the BAC is 0.05, this means that there are 0.05 grams of alcohol in every 100 ml of blood, or 0.05 grams of alcohol per 0.1 liter of blood. Therefore, to have a BAC of 0.05 in 5.54 liters, there needs to be 0.05 * 5.54 * 10 = 2.77 grams of alcohol in the blood. We know that 17 percent of the alcohol that a person drinks goes into their bloodstream. Therefore, the total mass of beer consumed to get this amount of alcohol is = 2.77 / 0.17 = 16.294 grams of pure alcohol. Beer has an alcohol equivalent to 6 % of its volume, so we find that the total volume of beer consumed = 16.294 / 0.06 = 271.57 liters. Because alcohol density is 789 kg/m³, this would be approximately 0.271 m^3 or 271.57 liters of beer.

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Answer:

310.69K

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Initial temperature T₁ = 292K

Initial pressure P₁ = 1.25atm

Final pressure P₂ = 1.33atm

Unknown:

Final temperature T₂ = ?

Solution

To find the unkown, we need to apply the combined gas law. From the combined gas law, it can be deduced that at constant volume, the pressure of a give mass or mole of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature.

Since the same aerosol can is heated, the volume is constant.

          [tex]\frac{P_{1} }{T_{1} }[/tex] =  [tex]\frac{P_{2} }{T_{2} }[/tex]

Now, we have to make T₂ the subject of the formula:

      T₂ =  [tex]\frac{P_{2}  x T_{1}  }{P_{1} }[/tex]

       T₂ =  [tex]\frac{1.33  x 292  }{1.25 }[/tex] =  310.69K

The resulting temperature in the can is approximately 311 K.

To solve this problem, we can use Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (in Kelvin) when the volume is kept constant. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:

[tex]\[ \frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2} \][/tex]

Rearranging the equation to solve for [tex]\( T_2 \),[/tex] we get:

[tex]\[ T_2 = T_1 \times \frac{P_2}{P_1} \][/tex]

Substituting the given values:

[tex]\[ T_2 = 292 \text{ K} \times \frac{1.33 \text{ atm}}{1.25 \text{ atm}} \] \[ T_2 = 292 \text{ K} \times 1.064 \] \[ T_2 \approx 310.608 \text{ K} \][/tex]

Rounding to the nearest whole number, since temperature in Kelvin is typically expressed without decimals:

[tex]\[ T_2 \approx 311 \text{ K} \][/tex]

Answer:

The molar composition of the equilibrium mixture is

NO: 0.338 = 33.8%

Br2: 0.169 = 16.9%

NOBr: 0.493 = 49.3%

Explanation:

The reaction of nitrosyl bromide formation can be written as

[tex]NO+0.5\,Br_2\rightarrow NOBr[/tex]

To form 1 mol of NOBr, we need 1 mol of NO and 0.5 mol of Br2.

A sample of 0.0524 mol NO with 0.0262 mol Br2 gives an equilibrium mixture containing 0.0311 mol NOBr.

Then, to form 0.0311 mol NOBr, were needed 0.0311 mol NO and 0.01555 mol of Br2.

The amount of NO that stay in the same form is (0.0524-0.0311)=0.0213 mol NO.

The amount of Br2 that stay in the same form is (0.0262-0.01555)=0.01065 mol Br2.

The total amount of mol is (0.0213 mol NO + 0.01065 mol Br2 + 0.0311 mol NOBr) = 0.06305.

The molar composition is

NO: 0.0213/0.06305 = 0.338 = 33.8%

Br2: 0.01065/0.06305 = 0.169 = 16.9%

NOBr: 0.0311/0.06305 = 0.493 = 49.3%

Final answer:

The balanced equation for the decomposition of barium carbonate is BaCO3(s) → BaO(s) + CO2(g). Heating 71.0 g of barium carbonate will produce 16.06 g of carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the decomposition of barium carbonate (BaCO3) is:

   BaCO3(s) → BaO(s) + CO2(g)

From the equation, it can be observed that one mole of barium carbonate produces one mole of carbon dioxide.

To calculate the number of grams of carbon dioxide produced by heating 71.0 g of barium carbonate, we need to use the molar mass of barium carbonate (197.34 g/mol). Since one mole of barium carbonate produces one mole of carbon dioxide, we can use the molar mass of carbon dioxide (44.01 g/mol) to calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced.

   71.0 g BaCO3 x (1 mol CO2/197.34 g BaCO3) x (44.01 g CO2/1 mol CO2) = 16.06 g CO2

Therefore, heating 71.0 g of barium carbonate will produce 16.06 g of carbon dioxide.

The molecular size of succinic acid is larger than that of the decomposed product which is evident from the production of a gas and a solid with a different melting point upon heating.

In the process described where succinic acid is heated and gives off a gas, then leaves behind a solid that melts at a different temperature, suggests a chemical reaction has occurred, possibly a decomposition reaction. The succinic acid molecules are likely larger than the molecules of the white solid produced because decomposition breaks larger molecules into smaller ones. This change in melting point and the evolution of gas support that the molecular structure of the succinic acid has been altered, creating a substance with new properties, including a new melting point that typically involves smaller molecules compared to the original substance.

Answer:

Explanation:

Hello,

Polonium has the atomic number 83, thus, it has 83 protons and electrons; in such a way, the amount of neutrons is given by the subtraction:

[tex]neutrons=atomic.mass - atomic.number\\neutrons=208-83\\neutrons=125[/tex]

Now, the addition between the neutrons and electrons is the same atomic mass considering the previous formula, thus:

[tex]electrons+neutrons=83+125=208[/tex]

So this procedure could be avoided by just looking at the given information "208Po" which contains the result.

Best regards.

To calculate the sum of neutrons and electrons in the 208Po ion, presume it is a neutral atom due to the lack of charge information, which would result in 124 neutrons and 84 electrons. The sum of these particles is then 208.

The question asks for the sum of the number of neutrons and electrons in the ion 208Po. To find the number of neutrons, we subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number. Polonium (Po) has an atomic number of 84, which is also the number of protons in a neutral atom of Polonium. The mass number of this isotope is 208, so the number of neutrons is 208 - 84 = 124. As for the number of electrons, since it is an ion and not neutral, we need to know the charge to determine this. However, as the charge is not provided in the question, we will assume that 208Po represents a neutral atom. Therefore, the number of electrons would also be 84. The sum of neutrons and electrons in the ion 208Po assuming it is uncharged is 124 + 84 = 208.

Answer:

One urea molecule can make hydrogen bonding with 8 water molecules

Explanation:

Urea can form up to 4 hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

The maximum theoretical number of water molecules with which one urea molecule can hydrogen bond is 4.

This is because urea has 4 hydrogen bond donor sites (NH groups) and 2 hydrogen bond acceptor sites (carbonyl oxygen).

Each hydrogen bond requires one hydrogen bond donor and one hydrogen bond acceptor, so one urea molecule can form up to 4 hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Answer:

a) gas price = 2.96 Dollar US/gal;  we could wait until we return to Pembina.

b ) v = 100 Km/h = 62.1371 miles/h = 27.777 m/s

Explanation:

a) gas price = 103.6 cents Cnd / L * ( L / 0.264172 gal ) = 392.17 cents/gal

⇒ gas price = 392.17 cents Cnd/gal * ( dollar Cnd/100cents ) = 3.9217 dollar Cnd/gal

⇒ gas price = 3.9217 dollar Cnd/gal * ( 0.754 dollar US/dollar Cnd)

⇒ gas price = 2.96 dollars US/gal

the difference between the price of gas in Winnipeg and Pembina is 0.32 dollars US;  we could wait until we return to Pembina to fill the tank.

b) velocity = 100 Km/h

⇒ 100 Km/h * ( 0.621371 miles/Km ) = 62.1371 miles/h

⇒ 100 Km/h * ( 1000 m/Km ) * ( h/3600s) = 27.777 m/s

The cost of gasoline in US dollars per gallon in Winnipeg is $5.20 US per gallon, which is higher than the gas price in Pembina ($2.64 US per gallon). Therefore, it is advisable to wait until you get back to Pembina to fill up your gas tank. The speed limit in Winnipeg is 62.14 miles per hour or 27.78 meters per second.

To convert the cost of gasoline from Canadian dollars per liter to US dollars per gallon, we need to consider the exchange rate and volume conversion.

First, we need to convert Canadian cents to Canadian dollars. Since there are 100 cents in a dollar, the cost of gasoline in Canadian dollars is 103.6 cents / 100 = 1.036 Canadian dollars per liter.

To convert Canadian dollars per liter to US dollars per gallon, we need to consider the exchange rate. Since 1 Canadian dollar is equivalent to 0.754 US dollars, the cost of gasoline in US dollars per liter is 1.036 Canadian dollars / 0.754 US dollars = 1.373 US dollars per liter.

Since there are roughly 3.79 liters in 1 gallon, the cost of gasoline in US dollars per gallon is 1.373 US dollars per liter * 3.79 liters = 5.20 US dollars per gallon.

Comparing the cost of gasoline in Winnipeg (103.6 cents Cnd per liter) to Pembina ($2.64 US per gallon), it is cheaper to fill up in Winnipeg as the cost in US dollars per gallon is 5.20 US dollars per gallon, which is less than $2.64 US per gallon in Pembina.

To convert the speed limit from kilometers per hour to miles per hour, we can use the conversion factor 1 kilometer = 0.6214 miles. The speed limit in miles per hour is 100 km/hr * 0.6214 miles/km = 62.14 miles/hr.

To convert the speed limit from kilometers per hour to meters per second, we can use the conversion factor 1 kilometer = 1000 meters and 1 hour = 3600 seconds. The speed limit in meters per second is 100 km/hr * (1000 m/km) / (3600 s/hr) = 27.78 m/s.

Spontaneous reactions result in an increase in entropy, aligning with the second law of thermodynamics.

The true statement about the relationship between entropy and spontaneity is: Spontaneous reactions tend to lead to higher entropy. This concept is encapsulated by the second law of thermodynamics, which states that all spontaneous changes cause an increase in the entropy of the universe. The increase in entropy relates to how energy and matter become more spread out and disordered over time in a spontaneous process, such as a chemical reaction or heat flow between two objects.

Answer: [tex]2.47\times 10^{6}[/tex]

Explanation:

Engineering notation : It is the representation of expressing the numbers that are too big or too small and are represented in the decimal form times 10 raise to the power.  It is similar to the scientific notation but in engineering notation, the powers of ten are always multiples of 3.

The engineering notation written in the form:

[tex]a\times 10^b[/tex]

where,

a = the number which is greater than 0 and less than 999

b = an integer multiple of 3

Now converting the given value of 2,469,100 into engineering notation, we get [tex]2.47\times 10^{6}[/tex]

Hence, the correct answer is, [tex]2.47\times 10^{6}[/tex]

Answer:

Osmotic pressure is: 2,01 atm

Explanation:

Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure that you needs to be apply to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. The formula of osmotic pressure  is:

π = M×R×T

Where:

M is molar concentration of dissolved species (units of mol/L). 0,078M

R is ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, ).

T is the temperature on the Kelvin scale. 41°C +273,15 = 314,15 K

Replacing you have:

π = 0,078M×0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹×314,15 K

π = 2,01 atm

I hope it helps!

Answer:

0.153 atm or 116.1 torr

Explanation:

Hello, in the attached photo you will find the numerical procedure to obtain the pressure in the second state.

- Take into account that in the first part, the moles are needed based on the ideal gas equation, because they are subsequently used in the computation of the second state's pressure.

Best regards.

Using Boyle's Law, the new pressure of the gas when it's allowed to expand to a 13.0-L container is calculated to be 116.15 torr or 0.15 atm.

The subject of this question involves the concept of gas laws, specifically Boyle's Law which states that at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related. The initial pressure of the Hydrogen Sulfide gas is 755.0 torr and its initial volume is 2.00L. When the volume increases to 13.0L, the pressure will reduce accordingly.

To calculate the new pressure, the formula of Boyle's Law which is P1V1 = P2V2 can be used, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume. Thus, P2 becomes (P1V1/V2) = (755.0 torr * 2.00L) / 13.0L = 116.15 torr.

However, as the question specifies that the answer is needed in atm, the result should be converted from torr to atm. As 1 atm is approximately equal to 760 torr, the final converted pressure is 116.15 torr / 760 torr/atm = 0.15 atm.

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Explanation:

It is given that peak (maximum) emission of star is 300 nm.

And, it is known that according to Wein's displacement relation between wavelength and temperature is as follows.

                    [tex]\lambda_{max} \times T[/tex] = 2898 micrometer.K

Hence, putting the given values into the above formula as follows.

               [tex]\lambda_{max} \times T[/tex] = 2898 micrometer.K

               [tex]300 \times 10^{-9} m \times T[/tex] = 2898 \times 10^{-6} meter.K

                 T = [tex]\frac{2898000}{300}[/tex] K

                     = 9660 K

Thus, we can conclude that the estimated surface temperature of star is 9660 K.

Using Wien's Law, the estimated surface temperature of a star with a peak emission at 300 nm is approximately 9660 Kelvin, considering a 2% precision.

To estimate the surface temperature of a star based on its peak emission wavelength, we use Wien's Law, which is a principle in physics that describes the relationship between the peak wavelength of emission from a blackbody and its temperature. Wien's Law can be written as:

λmax * T = b

where λmax is the peak wavelength in meters, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and b is Wien's displacement constant, approximately 2.897 × 10-3 m·K.

To find the temperature, we rearrange the formula to solve for T:

T = b / λmax

Converting the peak wavelength from nanometers to meters (300 nm = 3 × 10-7 m), we can calculate the temperature of the star as follows:

T = 2.897 × 10-3 m·K / 3 × 10-7 m
= 9660 Kelvin

Allowing for a 2% precision, the estimated temperature range of the star is approximately 9660K ± 2%.

Answer:

A. Oxidation refers to loss of electron or increase in oxidation state. Reduction refers to gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state.

B. The oxidation number of S in S₂O₃²⁻ is +2.

C. The oxidation number of S in S₄O₆²⁻ is +5/2.

Explanation:

A. Oxidation refers to loss of electron or increase in oxidation state. Reduction refers to gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state.

The overall charge on a molecule is equal to the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a molecule.

B. S₂O₃²⁻ : The oxidation state of oxygen (O) is -2 and overall charge on molecule is -2.

Therefore, the oxidation state of sulfur (x) can be calculated by

2x + 3 (-2) = -2

2x + (-6) = -2

2x  = -2 + 6 = 4

x = 4 ÷ 2= +2

Therefore, the oxidation number of S is +2.

C. S₄O₆²⁻ : The oxidation state of oxygen (O) is -2 and overall charge on molecule is -2.

Therefore, the oxidation state of sulfur (x) can be calculated by

4x + 6 (-2) = -2

4x + (-12) = -2

4x  = -2 + 12 = 10

x = 10 ÷ 4 = +5/2

Therefore, the oxidation number of S is +5/2.

Explanation:

As it is given that W = [tex]m \times g[/tex] = 28.9 lbf

Mass is given as 30.0 lbm

Now, calculate [tex]g_{c}[/tex] as follows.

                [tex]g_{c} = \frac{weight given}{mass}[/tex]

                           = [tex]\frac{28.9 lbf}{30.0 lbm}[/tex]

                           = 0.9633 lbf/lbm

Since, it is known that 1 lbf = lbm \times [tex]32.2 ft/s^{2}[/tex]. Therefore, local gravity (g') will be calculated as follows.

                        [tex]0.9633 \times 32.2 ft/s^{2}[/tex]

                           = [tex]31.02 ft/s^{2}[/tex]    

Thus, we can conclude that the value of local gravity is [tex]31.02 ft/s^{2}[/tex].

Answer:

The number of mol corresponding to 2,20 g Cl2 is 0,062.

Explanation:

As we know that the molar mass of chlorine is 35.45 g/mol and in this case we have 2.20 grams of gas, if we divide the mass of the chlorine over the molar mass we will have the moles of our compound.

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 2,20 g / 35,45 g/mol

moles = 0,062

Answer:

The correct answer is that letter.  (μ)

Explanation:

Hello!

According to the international system of units, we use prefixes to indicate the number of places we ran the point.

The letter  μ indicates [tex]10^{-6}[/tex]

The correct answer is that letter.  (μ)

It is not in the options but it is correct.

Answer : The concentration of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] ion is [tex]0.15E^1M[/tex]

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of [tex](NH_4)_3PO_4[/tex].

[tex]\text{Moles of }(NH_4)_3PO_4=\text{Concentration of }(NH_4)_3PO_4\times \text{Volume of solution}=0.50M\times 0.06L=0.03mole[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction will be:

[tex](NH_4)_3PO_4\rightleftharpoons 3NH_4^++PO_4^{3-}[/tex]

From the reaction we conclude that,

1 mole of [tex](NH_4)_3PO_4[/tex] dissociate to give 3 moles of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] ion and 1 mole of [tex]PO_4^{3-}[/tex] ion

So,

0.03 mole of [tex](NH_4)_3PO_4[/tex] dissociate to give [tex]3\times 0.03=0.09[/tex] moles of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] ion and 0.03 mole of [tex]PO_4^{3-}[/tex] ion

Now we have to calculate the concentration of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] ion.

[tex]\text{Concentration of }NH_4^+=\frac{\text{Moles of }NH_4^+}{\text{Total volume}}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Concentration of }NH_4^+=\frac{0.09mole}{0.06L}=1.5M=0.15E^1M[/tex]

Therefore, the concentration of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] ion is [tex]0.15E^1M[/tex]

Answer: The de-Broglie's wavelength of a hydrogen molecule is [tex]3.26\AA[/tex]

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is the measure of temperature of the system.

The equation used to calculate kinetic energy of a particle follows:

[tex]E=\frac{3}{2}kT[/tex]

where,

E = kinetic energy of the particles  = ?

k = Boltzmann constant  = [tex]1.38\times 10^{-23}J/K[/tex]

T = temperature of the particle = 30 K

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]E=\frac{3}{2}\times 1.38\times 10^{-23}J/K\times 30K\\\\E=6.21\times 10^{-22}J[/tex]

Conversion factor used:  1 kg = 1000 g

1 mole of hydrogen gas has a mass of 2 grams or [tex]2\times 10^{-3}kg[/tex]  

According to mole concept:

[tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules occupy 1 mole of a gas.

As, [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of hydrogen molecules has a mass of [tex]2\times 10^{-3}kg[/tex]

So, 1 molecule of hydrogen will have a mass of = [tex]\frac{2\times 10^{-3}kg}{6.022\times 10^{23}}\times 1=3.32\times 10^{-27}kg[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=\frac{h}{\sqrt{2mE_k}}[/tex]

where,

[tex]\lambda[/tex] = De-Broglie's wavelength = ?

h = Planck's constant = [tex]6.624\times 10^{-34}Js[/tex]

m = mass of 1 hydrogen molecule = [tex]3.32\times 10^{-27}kg[/tex]

[tex]E_k[/tex] = kinetic energy of the particle = [tex]6.21\times 10^{-22}J[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\lambda=\frac{6.624\times 10^{-34}Js}{\sqrt{2\times 3.32\times 10^{-27}kg\times 6.21\times 10^{-22}J}}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=3.26\times 10^{-10}m=3.26\AA[/tex]    (Conversion factor: [tex]1\AA=10^{-10}m[/tex] )

Hence, the de-Broglie's wavelength of a hydrogen molecule is [tex]3.26\AA[/tex]

To determine the number of photons emitted per second by a 45 kW FM radio transmitter at 98.4 MHz, the energy of one photon is calculated using Planck's constant and the frequency, and then the power output is divided by this energy. The result is approximately 6.90 × 1028 photons per second.

To calculate the number of photons emitted per second by an FM radio transmitter, we need to know the energy of one photon and the total energy emitted per second (power output of the transmitter).

The energy of a photon, E, can be calculated using the Planck's equation: E = h * f, where h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10-34 J·s), and f is the frequency of the photon in hertz. In this case, the frequency (f) is 98.4 MHz, or 98.4 × 106 Hz.

The total power output in joules per second is given by the transmitter's power, which is 45 kW, or 45,000 J/s. By dividing the total energy emitted per second by the energy of one photon, we obtain the number of photons emitted per second.

Number of Photons per Second = Power Output (J/s) / Energy per Photon (J)

Now, let's perform the calculations:

Energy per Photon, E = (6.626 × 10-34 J·s) × (98.4 × 106 Hz) = 6.522 × 10-26 J

Photons per Second = 45,000 J/s / 6.522 × 10-26 J = 6.90 × 1028 photons/s

Answer:

0.068 g

Explanation:

The equation that is used to determine the fraction q remaining in water of volume V₁ after n extractions of volume V₂ is:

qⁿ = (V₁/(V₁ + KV₂))ⁿ

Substituting in the values gives the fraction of caffeine left in the water phase:

q³ = (4.0mL/(4.0mL + 4.6(2.0mL))³ = 0.0278

The fraction of caffeine extracted into the methylene chloride phase is:

1 - 0.0278 = 0.972

The amount of caffeine extracted into the methylene chloride is:

(0.070g)(0.972) = 0.068 g

Explanation:

Isotope are the species which have same atomic number (number of the protons) but number of neutrons different. which corresponds to different mass of isotopes.

For example,

[tex]^6_{12}C, ^6_{13}C, ^6_{14}C[/tex] are the three isotopes of carbon.

Isoelectronic are the species which have the same number of electrons.

For example,

Ne is isoelectronic with [tex]Na^+[/tex]

Isotopes of [tex]^{18}_{40}Ar[/tex] are:

[tex]^{18}_{36}Ar, ^{18}_{38}Ar[/tex]

The number of the electrons in [tex]^{18}_{40}Ar[/tex] = 18

Number of the electrons in [tex]K^+[/tex] = 18

Thus, [tex]K^+[/tex] is isoelectronic to Argon-40

Answer:

Ethanol most easily forms hydrogen bonds.

Explanation:

The difference among the alcohols in this question is the size of carbonic chain and the position of the -OH group.

Ethanol has 2 carbons and the -OH group is terminal. The other alcohols have more carbons and the -OH group is not terminal. This means that the approximation of molecules will be facilitated for ethanol, and the interaction through hydrogen bons will be easier. However, for the other molecules, there will be steric hindrance, which will make it more difficult for the molecules to make hydrogen bonds.

The figure attached shows the alcohol structures.

The classifications of Substance A: Compound, Substance B: Compound, Substance C: Compound, Substance D: Compound, Substance E: Compound, Substance F: Element or Compound (depends on further information), Substance G: Element or Compound (depends on further information), Substance H: Element (most likely), Substance I: Element, Substance J: Element and Substance K: Pure Element or Compound (depends on further information)

This classification is based on the definitions of elements and compounds in chemistry.

To classify the pure substances as elements or compounds, we can follow these steps based on the information provided:  

Substance A: Contains two elements. Since it is a pure substance that can be separated into its components, it is classified as a compound.  

Substance B and C: These substances react to form a new substance D. Since they undergo a chemical change to give a new substance, both B and C are also compounds.  

Substance D: This is the new substance formed from the reaction of B and C and will also be classified as a compound because it is a product of the chemical reaction.  

Substance E: Decomposes upon heating to produce substances F and G, indicating it is made of more than one element. Therefore, it is classified as a compound.  

Substance F and G: These are the products resulting from the decomposition of substance E. Without additional information on whether they can be broken down into simpler substances, they are initially considered elements or compounds; however, since they are products of a compound's decomposition, if they consist of one type of atom, they could be elements.  

Substance H: Heating it to 1000 °C causes no change, indicating it might be a pure element or possibly a stable compound that does not decompose at this temperature. Without more information, it's uncertain, but it is likely to be an element.  

Substance I: Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, which classifies it as a pure element.  

Substance J: Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means, indicating it is a pure element.  

Substance K: Changes from a solid to a liquid upon heating to 500 °C. This phase change suggests that it is a pure substance, but without information, it could be either a pure element (e.g., a metal) or a compound (e.g., a salt).

Answer: The moles of hydrochloric acid is [tex]1.0346\times 10^{-4}\mu mol[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity of solution, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}[/tex]

Or,

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Micro moles of solute}\times 10^6}{\text{Volume of solution (in }\mu L)}}[/tex]

We are given:

Molarity of solution = 0.5173 M

Volume of solution = [tex]200\mu L[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0.5173M=\frac{\text{Micro moles of HCl}\times 10^6}{200\mu L}\\\\\text{Micro moles of HCl}=1.0346\times 10^{-4}\mu mol[/tex]

Hence, the moles of hydrochloric acid is [tex]1.0346\times 10^{-4}\mu mol[/tex]

Answer: A. -396 kJ

Explanation:

The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy during the formation of 1 mole of the substance from its constituent elements, with all substances in their standard states.

[tex]2SO_2(g)+O_2 (g)\rightarrow 2SO_3(g)[/tex]  [tex]\Delta H^0=198kJ[/tex]

Reversing the reaction, changes the sign of [tex]\Delta H[/tex]

[tex]2SO_3(g)\rightarrow 2SO_2(g)+O_2 (g)[/tex]  [tex]\Delta H^0=-198kJ[/tex]

On multiplying the reaction by 2, enthalpy gets multiplied by 2:

[tex]4SO_3(g)\rightarrow 4SO_2(g)+2O_2 (g)[/tex]   [tex]\Delta H=2\times -198kJ=-396kJ[/tex]

Thus the enthalpy change for the reaction [tex]4SO_3(g)\rightarrow 4SO_2(g)+2O_2 (g)[/tex]  is -396 kJ.

The change in enthalpy when 4.00 mol of sulfur trioxide decomposes into sulfur dioxide and oxygen gas is 792 kJ.

The question is asking for the change in enthalpy when 4.00 mol of sulfur trioxide decomposes into sulfur dioxide and oxygen gas. Looking at the provided data, the change in enthalpy (ΔHº) for the decomposition of one mole of sulfur trioxide is 198 kJ. Enthalpy is an extensive property, meaning it depends on the amount of substance involved. Therefore, if the reaction involves 4.00 mol of sulfur trioxide, the total change in enthalpy will be 4 times 198 kJ, which is 792 kJ. Hence, the correct answer is E. 792 kJ.

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Answer:

In a volumetric flask of marking 500.0 mL add 138.75 grams of calcium chloride and add small amount of water to dissolve solute completely. After the solute gets completely soluble add more water up till the mark of 500 ml.

Explanation:

Concentration of calcium chloride = 2.5 M

Volume of the solution = 500.0 ml = 0.5000 L

Moles of calcium chloride = n

[tex]c=\frac{n}{V(L)}[/tex]

n = moles of solute

c = concentration of solution

V = volume of the solution in L

[tex]2.5 M=\frac{n}{0.5000 L}[/tex]

[tex]n=2.5 M\times 0.5000 L = 1.2500 mol[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{\text{Mass of calcium chloride}}{\text{Molar mass of calcium chloride}}[/tex]

[tex]1.2500 mol=\frac{\text{Mass of calcium chloride}}{111 g/mol}[/tex]

Mass of calcium chloride = 111 g/mol × 1.2500 mol = 138.75 g

In a volumetric flask of marking 500.0 mL add 138.75 grams of calcium chloride and add small amount of water to dissolve solute completely. After the the solute gets completely soluble add more water up till the mark of 500 ml.