Similarities:
Both involve ion movement. Both use ion channels to move ions across the cell membrane, in or out of the cell.
Differences:
Passive Transport (or Diffusion) moves ions from high concentration to low, using no metabolic energy. Active Transport moves ions from low concentration to high, using metabolic energy in the form of ATP. Active Transport uses an ion pump (or Sodium/Potassium pump) to move 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in to the cell through the energy of 1 ATP molecule.
In active transport particles move against a concentration gradient and therefore require energy which must be supplied by the cell. Carrier proteins that are found in the cell membrane of cells use energy to transport molecules or ions across the membrane, against the concentration gradient.
Passive transport is a naturally-occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement. In passive transport, substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
A population of western skinks, a type of lizard, lives in a grassland habitat along the base of a mountain range. The construction of a multi-lane highway will divide the habitat into two separate regions. How will the construction of the highway most likely affect the western skink population?
A. The western skink population size would decrease by half, reducing the probability that the population will evolve and speciate.
B. Western skinks would become an invasive species in one of the two regions, so the total population size would increase.
C. Western skinks would become better able to find unrelated mates, decreasing the population's susceptibility to diseases.
D. The western skink population would be separated into two groups, and genetic diversity would decline in each group.
Answer:
The most appropriate answer would be D. The western skink population would be separated into two groups, and genetic diversity would decline in each group.
It can be explained with the help of a bottleneck effect due to which population size decreases suddenly due to events like a natural disaster, habitat destruction et cetera.
The construction of the multi-lane highway would have destroyed the natural habitat of western skinks and separate them into two populations.
The separation of a population along with the destruction of habitat would result in a severe decrease in the population size of western skinks.
Consequently, the genetic diversity would also decrease.
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
This case of western skink is an example of geographical isolation which reduces the gene pool and hence the genetic diversity.
The entire population of western skink gets divided into two sub population. Now these two sub-populations start living in two different geographic entities due to which they evolve differently and after a long course of period if species from these two sub population are brought closer for mating then there shall be no mating due to variation in mating preferences.
Hence, option D is correct
He constant, dynamic process of continual addition of new bone tissue (bone ____________ ) and removal of old bone tissue (bone ____________ ) is a process called bone ____________ . This ongoing process occurs at both the ____________ (outer) and ____________ (inner) surfaces of a bone. It is estimated that about ____________ of the adult human skeleton is replaced yearly. This process does not occur at the same rate everywhere in the skeleton. For example, the ____________ in our skeleton is replaced at a slower rate than the ____________ .
1. The right answer is bone deposition.
During the formation of osteon, osteoblasts, embryonic bone cells, deposit around them ossein which is progressively mineralized. Thus become osteocytes, these immured cells nevertheless still receive nutrients and oxygen through the fine canalicles which connect them and which also serve for the elimination of waste.
2. The right answer is bone resorption.
Osteoclasts are the cells responsible for bone resorption by attaching to the bone matrix via the development of junctions: the podosomes consist of integrins, adhesion proteins, creating a tight zone where the action of proton pump decreases the pH , and the secretion of proteolytic enzymes, which leads to the degradation of the bone matrix, and the reabsorption of its components. The gaps left after the action of osteoclasts are called "Howship Gaps". They serve in particular to detect cases of hyper-resorption when they are too numerous.
This osteoclastic activity is permanent and necessary to maintain bone strength, in synergy with the activity of osteoblasts.
Osteoclasts are present in bone tissue being resorbed.
3. The right answer is bone remodeling.
Bone remodeling is the result of precise cooperation between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Whether in the compact or trabecular bone, the bone tissue is constantly renewed. This permanent remodeling, in which the resorption and the formation of bone tissue take place, is carried out thanks to functional units of remodeling where the osteoclasts and osteoblasts are closely associated. The bone is thus formed of millions of functional units of remodeling, mobile and progressing in the bone tissue (the osteoclasts being at the front and the osteoblasts at the back). The metabolic activities of these 2 cell populations are coupled in space and time. A remodeling cycle lasts approximately 4 months in adults, the training phase being longer than that of resorption.
4. The right answer is periosteal.
The periosteum is a set of layers of the periphery of the long bones and flat bones outside the articular surfaces and which ensure the growth in thickness. We speak of "periosteal growth in width".
Composed of a fibrous outer layer, a fibroelastic intermediate layer and an osteoblastic (non-fibrous) inner layer, this connective tissue is able to ensure the insertion of tendons and ligaments on the bone. It is a predominantly fibrous, non-oriented connective tissue.
5. The right answer is endosteal.
The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue lining the surface of the medullary cavity of long bones1. This layer is resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in a decrease in cortical thickness. The outer surface of a bone is also bordered by a thin layer of connective tissue very similar in morphology and function to that of the endosteum, (called periosteum).
6. The right answer is 20%.
Living structure, our skeleton is renewed each year by 20%. This "bone remodeling" is essential to maintain the mechanical and metabolic functions of our framework.
At the heart of this process are two types of cells:
* Osteoclasts responsible for destroying old bone by digging holes (resorption);
* Osteoblasts responsible for making new bone partly thanks to calcium by filling the holes (formation) "dug" by osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to replace calcified cartilage with true bone tissue.
The bone undergoes a constant rearrangement (the bone is continuously resorbed and rebuilt).
7. The right answer is compact bone.
The compact bone constitutes the diaphysis of the long bones and the envelope of the flat and short bones.
The compact bone or cortical bone (80-85% bone) constitutes a resistant envelope composed by the juxtaposition of cylindrical osteons of 200 to 300 μm in diameter aligned parallel to the diaphysis, each osteon is composed of concentric lamellae. The collagen fibers are oriented to impart optimal mechanical strength to the cortical tissue. Each osteon is centered by a channel called "de Havers" of 50 microns in diameter. The Havers canals are interconnected by transverse channels called "Volkmann". Each channel is centered by an innervated vessel that communicates with both the periosteal vasculature and the vessels of the marrow.
8. The right answer is spongy bone.
Spongy bone or trabecular bone constitutes the epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and the interior of flat bones and short bones. It consists of a network of plates and anastomosed cylinders. With age, the spans are rather cylinders. Each plate has the overall shape of a parallelepiped. The three-dimensional organization of these bone plates together is the trabecular architecture which has an important role in the mechanical strength of the bone. The orientation of the spans depends on the lines of mechanical forces to which the bone is subjected because the cells that manufacture them (the osteoblasts) have the capacity to perceive these mechanical forces.
He constant, dynamic process of continual addition of new bone tissue is bone deposition and removal of old bone tissue is bone resorption is a process called bone replacement. This ongoing process occurs at both the periosteal(outer) and endosteal (inner) surfaces of a bone. It is estimated that about ten percent of the adult human skeleton is replaced yearly. This process does not occur at the same rate everywhere in the skeleton. For example, the compact bone in our skeleton is replaced at a slower rate than the spongy bone.
Defining.
- Deposition: The process of deposition or disappearing of bones.
- Tissue: Is a multicellular organism in the body of living organism.
- Resorption: Is the dissolution of a tissue in the body.
- Periosteal: It is the inner layer that is self ability of forming a bone in the body.
- Endosteal: It is the membrane lining of cavity of the bones in the human body.
- Compact Bone: The compressed noncancellous division of bone.
- Spongy Bone: It is the bone in which the spicules make a latticework.
What of the following is most likely to occur if an organism’s environment is outside the organism’s range of tolerance?
A. The growth of the organisms increases.
B. The organisms fail to reproduce.
C. The organisms produce more offspring to increase the chance of survival.
D. The organisms develop mutualistic relationships.
Answer:
The answer is B. The organisms fail to reproduce.
Explanation:
If an organism's environment is outside its range of tolerance, it is most likely that the organisms won't be able to survive nor reproduce. These organisms need specific conditions to thrive, and deviation from these conditions challenges their survival and reproduction.
Explanation:If an organism's environment is outside its range of tolerance, then it is most likely that the organisms fail to reproduce (Option B). The range of tolerance refers to the set of conditions such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, and availability of resources within which an organism can survive and reproduce. Environments which fall outside this range make survival challenging, and reproduction even more so as organisms would require even more resources and ideal conditions to reproduce successfully.
For example, a polar bear cannot survive in a hot desert condition because that falls outside its range of tolerance, and therefore, it can't reproduce under those conditions.
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Glucose provides energy for cells. Different cells have different mechanisms for glucose intake. Intestinal cells contain proteins that transport glucose against its concentration gradient. These proteins couple the movement of glucose to the movement of sodium down its concentration gradient. Red blood cells have transporter proteins embedded in their membranes. When bound by a glucose molecule, these proteins change shape and allow glucose to move down its concentration gradient into the cell. Based on this information, what type of transport is used for glucose in blood and intestinal cells?
The answer is; active transport in small intestines and passive transport in blood cells
In passive transport, no energy is required to transport the glucose molecules because they spon6tanosuely move down their concenntrati0n gradient. The transport protein in the blood cell membrane only enables the molecule to pass across the hydrophobic layer of lipid in the membrane and into the cell.
In active transport, energy is required in the transportation of glucose against their concentration gradient (glucose is highly concentrated in the lumen of the intestines than in the bloodstream). Sodium/Potassium (Na+/K+) pumps play a significant role in the transport of glucose. When sodium diffuses back into the cells, they drag along glucose molecules with them across the sodium-glucose transporter protein.
Answer: active transport in small intestines and passive transport in blood cells
Explanation: It is a Passive Form Of Transport In Blood
Describe prokaryotic cells. Include general characteristics and indicate the one feature that eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not.
Answer:
Prokaryotic cells are organelles that live without a nucleus. A feature that eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic don't is a nucleus. The prokaryotic just float freely.
Explanation:
I understand it's really late but the other explanation is a little plain and doesn't answer the whole question. Good, but I think you'd might think this will work better to understand the question or well answeing the question. ( I do hope this helps you out )
Which series correctly lists the eight taxonomic levels in order, from the broadest group to the most specific group?
A. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
B. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
C. species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom, domain
D. domain, kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
Which series correctly lists the eight taxonomic levels in order, from the broadest group to the most specific group?
Answer - B. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
The broadest group to the most specific group is Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
What is Taxonomy?This can be defined as a branch of science concerned with classification of organisms as a result of shared characteristics.
The broadest level is Domain and the most specific is species thereby making option B the most appropriate choice.
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A family can save over 50,000 gallons of water per year by recycling graywater." The most reliable source of this information is a plumber salesman scientific website journalist
Answer:
scientific website
Explanation:
Gray water can be defined as the household wastewater which comes out from bath water or showers, laundry water, lavatory (basin) water, and untreated kitchen and washroom water.
But by treating these gray water we can save a lot of water and the water can be made to use for other purposes such as for gardening or other things which do not require clean water. But cleaning or treatment methods of such water is very expensive.
So this information can be a useful source for a scientific website where such different treatment methods of gray water may be published.
Answer:
scientific website
Explanation:
I got it right on the test :)
Many local agencies work closely with the EPA to monitor pollution on a local level.
True or False?
The given statement is true.
The prior and the foremost mission of EPA is to safeguard the environment and human health. Right from the start of its initial day, protecting the environment and ensuring a healthy population has been a major goal of EPA. It exhibits a strong history of involving stakeholders like tribal, state, and local agencies, along in its work.
In order to strengthen association and engagement with public health professionals at the state and local levels, the EPA's Office of Research and Development is cooperating with various partners, which comprise the American Public Health Association, The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, The National Environmental Health Association, The National Association of County and City Health Officials, and The Association of Public Health Laboratories.
These associations are demonstrating positive influences. As functioning with these partners, EPA is enhancing outreach and training for local public health professionals on the influences of cardiovascular health and air pollution and various other things.
earth science questions(again)
1 - c 2- d 3- b if these are incorrect please let me know so I can add it to my knowledge
Thanks
1. Earthworms
2. Particle size
3. Plants
Hope this Helps!!
How do phosphates influence biotic factors
Phosphates, in the form of phosphate ions (PO₄³-), influence biotic factors by serving as an essential nutrient for living processes and becoming available to terrestrial and marine food webs. The release of phosphates through weathering of rocks and volcanic activity plays a key role in the phosphorus cycle. Phosphorus, often a limiting nutrient, is necessary for growth in aquatic ecosystems.
Explanation:Phosphates, in the form of phosphate ions (PO₄³-), play a crucial role in influencing biotic factors in ecosystems. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for living processes, making up components of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and supportive structures like bones. In aquatic ecosystems, phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient necessary for growth.
Phosphates are released into the environment through weathering of rocks and volcanic activity, entering soil, water, and air. From there, it becomes available to terrestrial and marine food webs. Phosphate dissolved in ocean water cycles into marine food webs, and some of it falls to the ocean floor to form sediment. Phosphate also reciprocally exchanges between the ocean and marine ecosystems, although this process is very slow.
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Phosphates influence biotic factors through their role as an essential nutrient in living processes, particularly in aquatic ecosystems.
Explanation:Phosphates influence biotic factors primarily through their role as an essential nutrient in living processes. Phosphorus is a major component of nucleic acids and phospholipids, making it crucial for cell function and growth. In aquatic ecosystems, phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient, meaning its availability can affect the growth and abundance of organisms.
For example, in freshwater ecosystems, a lack of phosphorus can limit the productivity of plants, which affects the entire food web. In marine ecosystems, phosphate dissolved in ocean water cycles into marine food webs, supporting the growth of phytoplankton and other primary producers.
In summary, phosphates play a vital role in influencing biotic factors by being an essential nutrient for growth and function in living organisms, particularly in aquatic ecosystems.
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Contact lens solution is described as a sterile, buffered, isotonic aqueous solution. Explain the importance of the adjectives buffered and isotonic to the person buying the solution
A contact lens is a lens placed on the cornea of the eye.
Importance of buffers in contact lens products:
Buffers: They aim to keep the pH of the solutions at values between 6.6 and 7.8 in order to maintain the lens parameters and the effectiveness of the solutions. They are made by the combination of an acid and its sodium salt (phosphate and acetate for example). Borate and citrate buffers are used.
Importance of isotonicity in contact lens products:
The solution composed by isotonic saline solution.
Isotonia is expressed by osmolarity or cryoscopic lowering
- 0.236 to 0.446 mOsmoles / l (increases during the day)
- If the osmolarity of the mixture is different from that of the tears, it causes discomfort and irritation
• Increased tear secretion
• Increase the blink frequency
- If hypotonia, entry of water to the epithelial cells, if hypertonia: inverse
- Osmolarity restored 1 or 2 minutes after instillation
Final answer:
Buffered and isotonic solutions are crucial for maintaining stability and preventing irritation in contact lens solutions.
Explanation:
Buffered solutions help maintain a constant pH level by resisting changes in acidity or alkalinity, ensuring stability for the contact lens solution. Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as bodily fluids, preventing irritation or damage to the eye when using the contact lens solution.
Fats are broken into saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Which of these explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? A) Saturated fats have no hydrogen in the molecule. B) Saturated fats have more carbon atoms than unsaturated fats. C) Saturated fats have only single bonds on all the carbon atoms. D) Saturated fats have only double and triple bonds on the carbon atoms. Submit Hint Matter and Energy Transformations (SC.912.L.18.1) Macromolecules Of Life ID: 82481
The answer to your question is C. ) because saturated fats only have single bonds on all the carbon molecules
Answer:
C) Saturated fats have only single bonds on all the carbon atoms.
Explanation:
Fats can be divided into two groups, saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fats have only single bonds and thus are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond in their structure. If they have just one double bond, they are called as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), if they have more than one double bond they are called as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Unsaturated fats are healthier compared to saturated fats. Their calorific value is low and they also lower the bad LDL cholesterol in body. However they are more vulnerable to rancidity and are usually liquid at room temperature so saturated fats are preferred to make processed food.
Which form of precipitation is likely to occur when a layer of air with temperatures above freezing overlies a subfreezing layer that is near the ground?
the answer is SLEET hope it helps :)
Miles wants to write the equation for photosynthesis
Strong bands that help keep our bones in their proper place are called what
The process of warm air rising and cool air sinking is called ___.
Final answer:
Convection is the process where warmer, less dense air rises and cooler, denser air sinks, resulting in heat transfer, as observed in home heating systems.
Explanation:
The process of warm air rising and cool air sinking is called convection. This movement within a gas or liquid is due to the tendency of hotter, less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which results in the transfer of heat. An example of this is a heating system in a home, where air heated by a furnace expands, rises, and then cools, sinking to create a convective loop that efficiently transfers energy and uniformly heats the space.
True or false? The smaller the dose required to achieve a drug action, the greater the drug potency.
Final answer:
True, the smaller the dose required for drug action, the greater the potency.
Explanation:
The smaller the dose required to achieve a drug action, the greater the drug potency. This statement is true. Drug potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce a certain effect.
A drug that is more potent will require a smaller dose to achieve the desired therapeutic effect compared to a drug that is less potent. Therefore, potency is an important factor in dosing and prescription of medications.
Regarding the statements provided:
If drug A produces a larger zone of inhibition than drug B on the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, drug A should always be prescribed. This is false. A larger zone of inhibition indicates that drug A is more effective against the bacteria tested in vitro; however, clinical decisions also consider factors like patient tolerance, side effects, and drug interactions.The rate of discovery of antimicrobial drugs has decreased significantly in recent decades. This is true, as the development of new antimicrobials has slowed, raising concerns about antibiotic resistance.Additivity is when the combined toxic effect of two chemicals when given together is less than the sum of their individually measured toxic effects. This is false. Additive effect occurs when the combined effect of chemicals is equal to the sum of the effects each would cause on their own.With respect to the placebo effect, it suggests that the mind can induce changes in the body, which can be clinically relevant. However, there are varying interpretations and the effect can be influenced by multiple factors, making it a complex concept.
In pharmacology, the concept of hormesis implies that in some instances, increasing a dose may paradoxically decrease response, and vice versa at higher dosages. The different slopes seen with Toxicant A and B illustrate varying drug responses to increased doses, influencing how drugs are dosed and administered to patients.
HELP ASAP PLEASE!!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!!!!!!!!
All of these things occur during interphase except __________________.
1.
The cell prepares for division by duplicating its chromosomes within the nucleus (replication).
2.
Only occurs during cell division.
3.
A phase of rapid growth occurs.
4.
Cell division is not occurring.
Identify some abiotic characteristics of the taiga biome
Taiga (boreal forest or snow forest), is the largest land biome characterized by coniferous forests which consist mostly of pines, spruces and larches. Abiotic characteristics of taiga are:
• Temperature-usually very low, but with high variations (extreme annual variation of temperature)
• Precipitation-usually low, includes rain, fog and snow
• Soil-poor with nutrients, acidic, formation of permafrost (frozen ground)
• Winds-cold form arctic circle.
Answer:
Taiga is one of the largest terrestrial biome which includes the areas of North America, Europe and Asia. The abiotic characteristics of this biome are:
1. Temperature: It usually has sub-arctic temperature which varies between -5°C to 5°C (10°C being the highest). It has short and wet summers and long cold winters.
2. Soil: The soil is very thin, young and thin. In addition, it is also acidic in nature because of fallen pine needles.
Extreme climate hinders or prevents the growth of plants. Also, it limits the addition of organic material to the soil.
3. Precipitation: This biome receives very less amount of rainfall (only 12-33 inches of rain that too during summer). In contrast, it receives heavy snowfall throughout the winter season.
4. Wind: They bring extreme cold breezes from arctic circle.
These factors limits the growth of vegetation and thus it inhibits the growth of animals.
Knowing nothing else,what could the relative age of two rocks tell you about them
Relative age is defined as the geological age of a fossil organism or a rock compared to the ages of other organisms and rocks around them.
The question is - Knowing nothing else, what could the relative age of two rocks tell you about them?
Answer: The relative age will only tell that one rock is older than the other.
If the Moon has soil similar to Earth, then the Moon may have come from Earth. Which question best matches this hypothesis?
+50, Explain why starch is abundant in cotyledon and endosperm of seeds but not in the other parts
The synthesis of atp from adp and pi is a(n) _____ reaction with ____ δg. Endergonic; a negative exergonic; a positive endergonic; a positive exergonic; a negative reversible; zero
The entire process of manufacturing energy is known as oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP synthase enzyme is situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane and the F1-component protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix.
In the process, ADP combines with a phosphate to produce ATP. The energy liberated due to the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP is utilized to do cellular function, generally by coupling the exergonic reaction of the hydrolysis of ATP with the endergonic reactions.
The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is an endergonic reaction with positive delta G.
Answer:
endergonic, positive
Explanation:
An endergonic reaction is the one which in which energy is consumed. Synthesis of ATP occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane but it does not happen on its own i.e. this reaction is not spontaneous and therefore this reaction has a positive δg. δg is negative only for those reactions which are spontaneous. The production of ATP from adp and pi (inorganic phosphorus) which is an unfavorable reaction can be made favorable by coupling it with electron transport chain (ETS) which is a favorable reaction. During ETS, H⁺ are pumped from higher concentration to lower concentration with the help of reverse pumps. Since moving molecules/ionic species from higher concentration to lower concentration is a spontaneous process, energy rather than getting consumed gets produced during ETS. This is the reason why δg for pumping H⁺ is negative.
Synthesis of ATP has positive δg but when it is coupled with ETS which has negative δg, the overall δg for ATP synthesis becomes negative.
Which causative organism colonization signifies purulent exudates of greenish-blue pus with a fruity odor?
The correct answer is: Colonization with Pseudomonas.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It is very widespread because of its advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms. P. aeruginosa can cause a lot of diseases and it is associate with serious illnesses. It typically infects the airway, urinary tract, burns, and wounds. People with burns or wounds are a high-risk group for skin and soft tissue infections.
The organism indicating purulent exudates of greenish-blue pus with a fruity smell is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium that produces a unique pigment called pyocyanin and is typically found in patients with weakened immune systems.
The causative organism that signifies purulent exudates of greenish-blue pus with a fruity odor is most likely Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is a gram-negative bacterium that is often linked to infections in patients with weakened immune systems. It’s hallmark is its greenish-blue pus, a result of its unique pigment called pyocyanin.
Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can result in a fruity odor, which is another unique feature of this bacterium. This smell is often analogous to grapes. It is crucial to know that while this organism can cause serious infections, it is not typically harmful in individuals with healthy immune systems.
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I am in the woods, what things do Not go through cellular respiration?
whihc one of these is an example of cell division at work?
A) a tree grows taller
B) a dog digests food
C) a muscle coontracts
D) a plant dies
I am going to say A because a cell makes up matter of the tree so when it duplicates it makes the tree taller..
Please tell me if this is correct or not.. thanks!!
the correct answer is:
A) a tree grows taller
Because, this process is used for growth and healing among multi cellular organisms and for reproduction in single-celled organisms.
Which of the organisms is most likely 50 meters in size? Lizard, tree, ant, or bacteria.
50 meters is a length too big for any existing animal on Earth. Many trees achieve 50 meters in hight though.
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
For such a great length there is no recorded lizard, ant, or bacteria so your answer (by process of elimination) you would get a Tree because some tree's have exceeded that limit of 50 meters.
Valerie designed and conducted an experiment on pothos plants, which are common houseplants. Her hypothesis is that the direction of light will affect the growth pattern of a pothos plant. To test the hypothesis, she sets up two test groups of pothos plants and observes them three weeks later. The table summarizes the test groups and observations. Test Group Growth Conditions Observations 1 Light source is only on the side of the plant Stems and leaves are bent toward the light 2 Light source comes from all directions Stems and leaves are not bent What are the roles of the two test groups in this investigation?
In Valerie's experiment, Test Group 1 with unidirectional light demonstrated the effect of light direction on plant growth, while Test Group 2 acted as a control group showing normal growth without the influence of light direction.
Explanation:Valerie designed an experiment to determine if the direction of light affects the growth pattern of a pothos plant. In this laboratory experiment studying plant growth, she set up two test groups with different growth conditions. The role of Test Group 1, with the light source only on the side of the plant, was to demonstrate what happens when the plant receives light from a single direction. The role of Test Group 2, with light coming from all directions, was to serve as a control group to show the growth pattern of the plants when the direction of light is not a variable. After three weeks, the observations were that the stems and leaves of the plants in Test Group 1 bent toward the light, while those in Test Group 2 did not bend, suggesting that the direction of light impacts the growth pattern of pothos plants, consistent with the phenomenon of phototropism.
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Why did pasteur’s is work lead to a change in the modern cell theory
His work, which was documented and repeatable, contradicted the accepted cell theory, so a change in the theory was required.
Answer:
His work, which was documented and repeatable, contradicted the accepted cell theory, so a change in the theory was required.
Explanation:
Cell theory prior to Pausteur's experiment argued that cells could continually and spontaneously originate from nonliving matter. This theory was called abiogenesis and was refuted after Pasteur's experiments.
Adept of the biogenic theory, Louis Pasteur in 1861, through an experiment, was able to conclusively demonstrate the impossibility of spontaneous generation of life (hypothesis so defended by the abiogenists), ie, the origin of life is only possible from living matter, from a preexisting living being.
In the experiment, Pasteur added nutritious broth to an elongated necked glass flask. He then heated the neck, giving it a curved tube shape (swan neck). After modeling, it proceeded to boil the broth, subjecting it to a temperature until the sterile state (absence of microorganism), but allowing the broth to have contact with the air.
After boiling, leaving the flask to rest for a long time, he noticed that the liquid remained sterile. This was possible due to two factors:
The first was due to the physical obstacle caused by the sinuosity of the neck. The second is caused by the adhesion of impurity particles and microorganisms to the water droplets formed on the inner surface of the neck during steam condensation, emitted by heating and cooling when at rest.
After a few days, checking for non-contamination, Pasteur broke the neck, exposing the inert broth to airborne microorganisms, favoring suitable conditions for germ proliferation.
This scientist, besides contributing to the end of the abiogenist mistake, also developed, from the application of simultaneous heating and cooling, the pasteurization technique widely used for food preservation.
After 14 years of age do males or females have a higher red blood cell coint
It is normally 45% for men and 40% for women