Please help on these questions

Answer:

2

Explanation:

A human haploid cell has two sex chromosomes, a XX (female) and a XY (male)

Final answer:

The lateral compartment of the leg contains the fibularis longus (peroneus longus) and the fibularis brevis (peroneus brevis), which are responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the foot and stability of the ankle joint.

Explanation:

The lateral compartment of the leg contains the fibularis longus (peroneus longus) and the fibularis brevis (peroneus brevis). These muscles are responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the foot, as well as providing stability to the ankle joint.

Answer:

The preferable option will be - A.

A. "We should give this drug before he eats anything."

Explanation:

Answer:

transduction

Explanation:

Sensory transduction is the process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages which are communicated to our nervous system. It can involve stimuli being compared with or integrated with other stimuli or memories of previous stimuli. Different systems perform sensory transduction, involving either sensory receptors or sensory nerve endings responding to the stimuli.

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called sensory transduction. This process is carried out by our senses, which convert different types of stimuli into chemical or electrical signals, which are then transmitted to our central or peripheral nervous system. This kind of sensory input involves stimuli being compared with or integrated with other stimuli or memories of previous stimuli.

Just as an example, consider a baseball player at bat. Seeing a baseball pitched does not automatically cause the batter to swing. The trajectory and speed of the ball, and other factors such as the count and the state of the game, are all stimuli that are communicated to the nervous system where they're integrated to generate the specific response - to swing or not swing.

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Answer: they compete to gather food

Explanation: so therefore the food is in a shortage. So then the weakest/oldest and youngest die out.

Answer:

Gymnosperms (pine trees)

Explanation:

Gymnosperms, or trees that reproduce using cones instead of flowers, are the primary plane life in a coniferous forest.

Answer:

In 150 A.D., the Greek scientist Ptolemy published a book, known by its Arabic name, The Almagest, which contained a summary of Greek astronomical knowledge, including a catalog of 1022 stars, with estimates of their brightness, arranged into 48 constellations.

Explanation:

The ancient Greeks and Romans named the constellations based on mythology and cultural beliefs. Astronomers like Giovanni Riccioli and Johann Bayer also contributed to naming features on the Moon and stars in constellations. The brightest stars have names derived from ancient languages.

The main astronomers that named the constellations were the ancient Greeks and Romans. They grouped stars into patterns or constellations and gave them names based on mythology and cultural beliefs. The Greeks named sections of the sky in honor of characters in their mythology and then fit the star configurations to animals and people as best they could. The Romans also named the planets after their chief gods.

Later, astronomers like Giovanni Riccioli and Johann Bayer played a role in naming features on the Moon and stars in constellations. Riccioli named lunar craters after famous astronomers, while Bayer assigned Greek letters to the brightest stars in each constellation.

The brightest stars have names that have been passed down from ancient times, with some derived from Greek, Latin, and Arabic languages. Examples include Sirius, which means "the scorched one," and Vega, which means "swooping Eagle."

Answer:

c. Bryozoans build reefs and have lophophores that extend through a hard exoskeleton.

Explanation:

Bryozoans are sessile and colonial, typically settling on hard substrate including sand grains, rocks, and shells, as well as on blades of kelp or other algae, although some species settle on softer sediment.

The correct statement about bryozoans (ectoprocts) is b. Bryozoans are colonial, build reefs, and are related to corals.

To determine the correct statement, let's analyze each option:

a. Adult bryozoans are sessile, but their larvae make up much of marine plankton.

- This statement is true. Bryozoans, also known as ectoprocts, are primarily marine and freshwater sedentary (sessile) animals. Their larvae are indeed planktonic, meaning they drift in the water column as part of the plankton. However, this statement alone does not fully characterize bryozoans.

b. Bryozoans are colonial, build reefs, and are related to corals.

- This statement is correct. Bryozoans are colonial organisms, meaning they live in groups of interconnected individuals. Some species of bryozoans do contribute to reef formation, although they are not the primary reef-builders in modern oceans (that role is primarily filled by corals). Bryozoans are distantly related to corals as both are members of the phylum Lophotrochozoa, but they belong to different classes

c. Bryozoans build reefs and have lophophores that extend through a hard exoskeleton.

- This statement is partially true. While bryozoans do have lophophores (a crown of tentacles surrounding the mouth, used for filter feeding), these structures do not extend through a hard exoskeleton. The lophophore is typically withdrawn into a protective skeletal structure called a zooecium when not feeding. While some bryozoans contribute to reef structures, they do not build reefs in the same way that corals do.

d. Bryozoans are colonial and live amongst mosses.

- This statement is misleading. While the name ""bryozoan"" means ""moss animal,"" this is a historical misnomer. Bryozoans do not live amongst mosses; they are aquatic animals and the ""moss"" in their name likely refers to their colonial, branching appearance that might superficially resemble moss.

Given the information above, option b is the most accurate statement regarding bryozoans. They are indeed colonial, some species contribute to reef structures, and they are related to corals within the Lophotrochozoa phylum.

Answer:

This is because of reasons of-

safety,

cost-effectiveness and

 difficulty in  accessibility of needed  protein

Explanation:

In order to reduce cost of production for maximal profit, bio.companies usually design their production of therapeutic proteins  in possible  cost -effective way.This is to  ensure maximal yields from production sales. Therefore maximum cost  effectiveness is achieved through GMO rather through isolation from blood products or other sources which are expensive and capital intensive to get

In addition safety concerns during production is of ultimost importance to theses companies.Therefore when   using  of protein from different sources  high safety measures are needed to be put in place to achieve best results. whereas GMO comes with little risks.

These companies experiences difficulty in collecting required amount of low abundant protein needed for the synthesis of therapeutic proteins, thus they will rather prefer the design of GMO for abundant supply.

Answer: Pros: It is abundant, and can be used without interruption, cleaner than fossil fuel. Cons: Can result in air pollution, takes a lot of energy to produce, can be seasonable and competes with food production. Landfill gas, solid waste energy comes from harnessing the decomposition of organic material.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Renewable energy resources have pros, such as sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, but also cons, including lower efficiency and environmental impacts.

Explanation:

Renewable energy resources have several pros and cons. Some of the pros include:

However, there are also cons to consider:

D) An increase in the owl population should cause a fall in the rabbit population.

Answer:

Calcium channels.

Explanation:

The  arrival of action potential at the presynaptic neuron, cause the opening of Ca+ channels, at the presynpatic neuron membranes. This leads to influx of Ca+ . The latter caused  the Acetycholine contained vesicles in the presynaptic  neuron to migrate to the tip of the presynaptic neurons, and  fused with the neuronal membrane to  empty their contents into the synaptic cleft.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

The following sections of the water cycle are correct: Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and collection are in Option D as the water cycle is the continuous movement of water in ecosystems.

The steps of the water cycle consist of evaporation, where water from oceans, lakes, rivers, and even soil is converted into water vapor; condensation, where water vapor rises and cools; and precipitation, where clouds become heavy with water droplets. Then Precipitated waters flow into rivers, and this water can also be collected in man-made structures such as reservoirs and lakes.

Hence, the following sections of the water cycle are correct: Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and collection are in Option D as the water cycle is the continuous movement of water in ecosystems.

Learn more about the water cycle here.

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Answer:

Viral glycoprotien play important role in virus entry to the cell and virus pathogenicity

They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane.

Explanation:

Viral glycoproteins play important roles throughout the life cycle of coronaviruses. Viral glycoproteins interact with receptors on the host cell membrane and are required for penetration of the viral genome into cells by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane or endosomal membrane

The viral glycoproteins participate in assembly of virions, and the intracellular location of viral glycoproteins may determine the location of Coronavirus budding. Viral glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells may permit fusion with adjacent cells, and may make the cell susceptible to immune cytolysis or cell-mediated cytotoxicity, or permit hemadsorption. Epitopes of viral glycoproteins may be recognized by neutralizing, non-neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. Thus, elucidation of the structure and functions of Coronavirus glycoproteins is of central importance in understanding the replicative cycle and pathogenesis of coronaviruses.

Final answer:

Glycoproteins in coronavirus membranes serve critical functions in the viral lifecycle, including attachment to host cells, penetration of the cell membrane, replication inside the cell, and release of new virions.

Explanation:

Coronaviruses may have glycoproteins in their membranes to facilitate attachment to host cells. These glycoproteins recognize and bind to viral receptors on the cell surface, allowing the virus to infect specific cell types. For instance, HIV makes use of the CD4 molecule on T lymphocytes. Glycoproteins serve not only for attachment but also play a role in the virus's ability to penetrate the cell membrane, inject its genome, and replicate within the host cell.

Spikes, such as those found on the influenza virus, are extensions of these glycoproteins that allow viruses to both attach and enter a host cell, or detach from it after replication. Known spikes like hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) greatly influence the identification and characterization of influenza viruses, denoting specific strains responsible for historical pandemics.

Therefore, these glycoproteins and spikes are vital for the virus's lifecycle, ensuring successful attachment, penetration, replication, and ultimately the release of new virions to infect other cells.

Answer:

Explanation: Osteoclasts are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and releasing key minerals, including calcium, back into the bloodstream. They are stimulated by parathyroid hormone when blood calcium levels are low.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

The answer is A

Explanation:

The least likely replacement is a polar amino acid to a polar amino acid  ( e )

when a mutation takes place in a protein coding gene that changes a single codon ( replacement of an amino acid ) , the amino acid is either replaced with another amino acid with similar properties or it is replaced with an amino acid with different properties.

when a polar amino acid ( hydrophilic ) is replaced by non-polar amino acid ( hydrophobic ) the protein will loses its function ( i.e. the most effect is experienced ) but when a polar amino acid is replaced by another polar amino acid the protein will retain its function ( i.e. the least effect on the protein structure )

Hence the least likely replacement on the protein structure is the replacement of a polar amino acid to a polar amino acid

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Answer:

No, this is not a facilitated diffusion but an Active transport process.

Explanation:

This is an active transport process because -

So, we can say that the whole experiment undergoes the Active transport process.

Final answer:

No, the biologist's conclusion is incorrect; the described properties suggest that the molecule is transported across cell membranes by active transport, not facilitated diffusion.

Explanation:

The conclusion drawn by the biologist does not appear to be correct based on the information provided. When considering the information given:

Answer:

C) Lower back

Explanation:

The lumbar area is located between the chest, the spine and the sacrum. This area corresponds to the lower back and has five vertebrae: L1-L5. According to this, the  answer is that based on this​ statement, the EMT should expect to find bruising in the lower back.

Answer:

Pb-206

Explanation:

Answer:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae the human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea and is commonly transmitted by exchanging needles through the use of medications or by infected blood products.

LOS is a major virulence factor in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, since LOS causes autolysis during infection and the release of LOS endotoxin damages the host cells is the main cause of most gonorrhoea symptoms including greater frequency or urgency of urination, swelling or redness at the opening of the penis, and swelling or pain in the testicles..

Answer:

Yes, it is a reasonable conclusion.

Explanation:

The long lasting gas that kept sunlight from penetrating the atmosphere was the key factor that promote a disturbance on the chain food. Without sunlight, plants could not produce their own energy, therefore they could not resist to this environment condition and die. That way, the herbivores could not feed and die as well. Also the carnivore could not survive because their supply of food of herbivores are not alive anymore. This scenario would promote a mass extinction of every dinosaur.

Answer:

D. Using excess water to cook potatoes

Explanation:

Using excess water to cook potatoes can reduce its mineral content.

Answer:

The action that can lead to losses of minerals from the vegetable is D) Using excess water to cook the potatoes.

Explanation:

Due to cooking many losses of minerals for example sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper and various other food materials can be seen.Before and after cooking following changes take place in the mineral content of the vegetables.

(1) The mineral contents of cooked foods in mass cooking were on an average about 60-70 percent of those in raw or uncooked foods.

(2) Cooking losses were particularly high in minerals of vegetables.

(3) Among various cooking methods, loss of mineral was largest in squeezing after boil and in soaking in water after thin slice, followed by parching, frying and stewing.

(4) Cooking losses of minerals in meals cooked in home brought about the similar results as those by the mass cooking procedures.

The measures to prevent cooking loss are

(a) eating the boiled food with the soup

(b) addition of small amount of salt (about 1% NaCl) in boiling

(c) avoidance of too much boiling

(d) selection of a cooking method causing less mineral loss (stewing, frying or parching).

The steps in immune response are;

The immune system identifies and recognizes foreign substances, such as pathogens or antigens, that enter the body. Once recognized, the immune system triggers an immune response by activating immune cells, such as white blood cells (leukocytes), to take action against the invader.

Certain immune cells, called phagocytes (e.g., macrophages and neutrophils), engulf and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. They recognize, engulf, and break down the foreign particles.

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Answer:

label A= radio waves, label C= infrared, Label D= visible Light, Label G= gamma rays.

Explanation:

Electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves which has frequency of their oscillations. Here label A is radio waves, label C is infrared, Label D is visible Light, Label G is gamma rays.

Waves are usually transverse and longitudinal,electromagnetic waves are transverse wave. Electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into 7 regions, i.e.,

All these are in order of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency.

Thus, here label A is radio waves, label C is infrared, Label D is visible Light, Label G is gamma rays.

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Answer:

The ovarian cycle regulates endocrine tissue preparation, and egg release in female body.  

The first half of the ovarian cycle as the follicular process. Slowly growing rates of FSH and LH are causing follicle development on the ovary surface. This cycle makes the egg primed for ovulation. As the follicles develop they start releasing estrogens and low progesterone levels. Progesterone locks the endometrium in order to help ensure pregnancy. It takes about seven days to travel ovum through the Fallopian tube and to get implanted in uterus. There are 30-60 cells at this point of evolution, called the morula. If there is no pregnancy implantation the lining would be sloughed off. estrogen levels increase after around 5 days, and the menstrual cycle enters the proliferative process. The endometrium starts to regrow, replacing the weakening blood vessels and glands at the end of the last cycle.

Answer:

Option A, Spermatozoa can generally be found in the vagina of a living female after three days

Explanation:

The average life of  spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract after ejaculation determines the fertility. Sperm survive for a longer period of time after it reaches the cervix. A spermatozoon (motile sperm) survives for nearly 2.5 hours in the vagina and 48 hours in the oviduct.

However, spermatozoa irrespective of its motility or viability can be found after coital ejaculation in the cervix and vagina even after 12 and 9 days respectively.  

Hence, option A is the correct choice of answer

Answer:

Explanation:

Malaria, a mosquito-borne illness that is life-threatening due to the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, affects more than 200 million people worldwide every year. Several medications are used in the procedure like artemisinin, doxycycline and quinine.

All three drugs artemisinin, doxycycline and quinine carry resistant strains of  P. falciparum which prevents malaria.

Answer:

energy

Explanation:

Answer: The correct answer to the question is option B

Closest to the Nose; Closest to the temples.

Sides of the retina are referred to as either as nasal or temporal.

Masai is closest to the NOSE while temporal is closest to the TEMPLES.

Explanation: The retina is the innermost layer of the eye,it is made of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to the visual centre in the brain via the optic nerve and the macula lutea which contains light sensitive cells.

The retina is divided into the Nasal retina and the temporal retina.

The nasal retina is the part of the retina that is nearest to the nose.

It is from this nasal side of the retina that the nerve fibers that are going to the opposite side of the cerebrum are projected after they desiccate in the optic chiasma.( X-shaped structure they is formed as a result of crossing if optic nerves in the brain)(crossing over)

Just like the nasal retina,the temporal retina is the part of the retina that is nearest to the temples and it is from this side of the retina that nerve fibres that are going to the same side if the cerebrum are projected after they pass through the optic chiasma. X-shaped structure they is formed as a result of crossing if optic nerves in the brain)(crossing over)

The nasal side of the retina refers to the part closest to the nose, while the temporal side refers to the part closest to the temples (sides of the head). Thus, the correct answer to the question is option Nasal is closest to the nose; Temporal is closest to the temples'.

The terms 'nasal' and 'temporal' when referring to the retina indicate their relative positions within the eye. The nasal side of the retina is the part closer to the nose, whereas the temporal side is closer to the temples, that is, the sides of the head. This can be remembered because the term 'nasal' is related to the nose and 'temporal' is related to the temples. Therefore, in the provided options, the correct choice would be B. 'Nasal is closest to the nose; Temporal is closest to the temples'.

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Answer:

a hypothesis

any scientific investigation must be started on a theory, or hypothesis