Prior to the invention of refrigeration, meat was often preserved by soaking it in brine (a solution of water with a high concentration of salt) to kill any microorganisms that might have tried to use the meat as their own food source. Which of the following BEST explains how a brine solution could be lethal to those microorganisms? Water would move into the cells of the microorganisms by osmosis causing it to swell and burst. The salt would move into the cells of the microorganisms by facilitated diffusion causing the membrane to become rigid and less permeable. The salt would be pulled from the cells of the microorganisms by active transport removing necessary nutrients and destroying the cells. Water would move out of the cells of the microorganisms by osmosis and the cytoplasm would become dehydrated, killing the cells.

The central vacuoles contain little water

Hunters play a role in wildlife conservation by practicing sustainable harvesting, complying with regulations, participating in management programs, and, in some instances, supporting conservation financially through fee-hunting initiatives.

The hunter's role in wildlife conservation is multifaceted and involves sustainable harvesting, adherence to regulations, and participation in wildlife management programs. Hunters can contribute to conservation efforts by engaging in seasonal rotation of hunting areas, respecting no hunting guidelines for vulnerable species, and integrating traditional knowledge with scientific management. They can also participate in hunter self-monitoring programs to collect data that helps ensure sustainable hunting practices. In some areas, hunters support conservation through programs like fee-hunting, which provides financial incentives for local communities to conserve wildlife. However, there is a delicate balance between using hunting as a tool for conservation and ensuring that it does not contribute to the overexploitation and decline of wildlife species.

The answer would be C -- environmental veterinarian

Answer:

Option: 3, 4 and 5

Explanation:

Meiosis is the cell division that forms gametes. One parent cells forms four daughter cells each of which have half the number of chromosomes as that of the parent cell. During metaphase I of meiosis, chromosomes are arranged equally on either side of the equator followed by segregation of homologous chromosomes to opposite poles during anaphase I. Meiosis ensures presence of constant chromosome number through successive generation of species by formation of haploid gametes.

Final answer:

The claim that the gum's formula has changed is objective and can be verified. Proper scientific studies, with control and experimental groups, are needed to confirm causation in medical claims like cavity prevention.

Explanation:

The objective, factual, verifiable claim made by the sentence "New and improved formula helps prevent cavities" is that something about the gum has recently changed, which aligns with answer choice A. This claim asserts a change but does not verify the effectiveness of the gum in preventing cavities without scientific evidence. Scientific studies, particularly in pharmaceutical and medical contexts, are conducted under strict control conditions to establish causal relationships. To determine causation, criteria such as correlation, time ordering, and the absence of spurious correlations must be met. A hypothetical controlled experiment showing a 27 percent improvement in a group using an experimental gum treatment would be compelling evidence for the gum's efficacy in cavity prevention.

Final answer:

The rules that govern phonological sequences in a language determine which sound combinations are permissible. These phonological rules reflect the unique characteristics of a language's phonemes and syntax, contributing to the language's structure and the formation of meaningful communication.

Explanation:

The rules that govern phonological sequences describe the sound sequences that can occur in a language. These rules are a part of descriptive linguistics, which encompasses the study of how sounds, or phonemes, are combined, and how morphemes are used to create words (morphology), among other aspects. Syntax, as another major branch of descriptive linguistics, governs how words should be combined to form phrases and sentences, ensuring meaningful communication. In every language, there are phonological rules that determine how phonemes are produced and perceived. This phonological system is distinct for each language, allowing for an infinite variety of expressions within the constraints of its grammar.

For example, in English, we have rules that prevent certain consonant clusters from occurring at the beginning of words, which is why 'trlaqtoef' or 'aoipw' don't work as English words, while 'flort' could potentially be an English word, as it aligns with the phonological rules of English.

Unlike the communication systems of other species, which are closed and limited to specific contexts, human language is open-ended, allowing us to express an infinite number of ideas. Each language has its unique set of rules guiding the use of phonemes, but these rules are not arbitrary and can often be found in multiple languages.

Final answer:

To match the stimulus example to the type of sensory receptor, chemoreceptors detect chemical stimuli like taste or smell, photoreceptors are sensitive to light, mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical pressures, nociceptors detect pain or tissue damage, and thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature changes.

Explanation:

To match the stimulus example to the type of sensory receptor, we need to understand the specific stimuli each receptor type is responsive to. Here's a clear matching based on their functions:

Algae are autotroph as they contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis. During photosynthesis they make carbohydrate. Hence, they are producers. Whereas, Fungi do not have chloroplast. They are saprophytes, depends on death and decaying matter for food. So, fungi are the decomposers of the ecosystem.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Certain environmental conditions increase the occurrence of diseases. A polluted environment in terms of air pollution poses risk of developing respiratory disease such as asthma in allergic individuals or in the individuals with hyperactive immune system. Likewise, individuals with defective melanin production gene are more likely to develop skin cancer upon exposure to UV lights. Hence,  specific conditions stimulate disease occurrence.

Answer is A.The changes in species composition in a community over time as species colonize and area.

Plant succession is the evolution of plant communities at a barren place over time beginning from pioneer species to climax vegetation. The plant community changes the soil and micro-climate at each stage of the succession. This helps to establish another group of species.  This means as the succession develops one community of plants is replaced by another and eventually a climax community is reached where the vegetation is in a state of equilibrium with the environment and there is no further addition of new species

The changes in species composition in a community over time as species colonize and area. The correct option is A.

Option B describes the process of speciation through natural selection, which is not specifically related to succession. Speciation involves the evolution of new species from a common ancestor over long periods of time, whereas succession is focused on changes in community composition and structure.

Option C is not entirely accurate, as option B is not a description of succession.

Option D describes the reduction of biodiversity over time, which is not the primary focus of succession. Succession can lead to changes in species composition and biodiversity, but it does not inherently imply a reduction in biodiversity. In fact, as succession progresses, biodiversity can increase as new species establish themselves and fill ecological niches.

To know more about species:

https://brainly.com/question/34835139

#SPJ6

Answer:

Fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation:

Alcoholic fermentation may be defined as a type of metabolic pathway in which occurs generally in the yeast and microorganism. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen. The end products are ethanol, carbon dioxide and ATP from the pyruvate molecule.

Fate of pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation:

Lactic acid fermentation may be defined as the metabolic pathway that generally occurs in the muscle cells. This process occurs in the limited supply of oxygen. The end products are lactic acids and ATP from the pyruvate molecule.

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in C) a hypertonic solution.

In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the blood cells is higher than inside the cells. As a result, water molecules tend to move out of the cells through osmosis, leading to a loss of water and the subsequent shrinkage of the cells.

This can occur when blood cells are exposed to a solution with a higher salt concentration or other solutes. Conversely, in a hypotonic solution where the concentration of solutes outside the cells is lower, water molecules will move into the cells, causing them to swell and potentially burst. In blood plasma, which is isotonic to blood cells, there is no net movement of water, and the cells maintain their normal shape and size.

Therefore, the correct answer is C) a hypertonic solution.

For more details regarding a hypertonic solution, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/4237735

#SPJ6

All the different populations living in the same habitat or ecosystem make up species diversity.

Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community. The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundance as that observed in the dataset of interest.

Moreover, it is defined as the number of different species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of those species.” Diversity is greatest when all the species present are equally abundant in the area.

Therefore, many factors affect small-scale species richness, including geographic (e.g. species pool, dispersal), biotic (e.g. competition, predation, facilitation) and abiotic (e.g. resource availability, environmental heterogeneity, disturbance frequency and intensity).

Learn more about species diversity:

https://brainly.com/question/13258090

#SPJ6

Attenuation is the regulatory mechanism to control gene expression or transcription.  Attenuation was first observed in trp operon of E.Coli bacteria (commonly found at guts of warm blooded animal).  E.Coli bacteria need tryptophan which is a kind of amino acid. The bacteria can either take tryptophan from environment or itself synthesize by using bio synthetic enzymes. These bio synthetic enzymes are encoded by five genes located next to each other which we called as trp operon.

When tryptophan levels are high, then the transcription of trp operon is controlled. This process is called Attenuation. In this process the RNA polymerase is prematurely stopped during transcription of trp operon which results in formation of short mRNA. Due to premature control such mRNA doesn’t gets encoded with tryptophan biosynthesis enzymes.

Attenuation is carried out when tryptophan level is high, so as to prevent unnecessary production of biosynthetic enzymes which are needed to make tryptophan.

The answer is diffusion. Since the patient’s blood is high is waste products such as urea, the waste products diffuse into the dialyzing solution used in the dialysis machine. To remove excess water and sodium ions from the blood, however, the dialysis machine utilizes ultrafiltration process. This is achieved by lowering the hydrostatic pressure of the dialyzing solution against that of the patient's blood plasma.