Question 1 unsaved the atoms of group b elements _____ electrons when they form ions. question 1 options: cannot be determined either gain or lose lose gain

KNO3 (potassium nitrate) is the substance that is an electrolyte among the given options because it dissolves in water to form ions, which allows it to conduct electricity.

The question asks which substance is an electrolyte from the options provided. An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, thereby conducting electricity. Among the options given:

O2 (oxygen) and Xe (xenon) are noble gases and do not form ions in solution, hence they are not electrolytes.

C3H8 (propane) is a hydrocarbon which does not ionize in water, making it a nonelectrolyte.

KNO3 (potassium nitrate) dissolves in water to form potassium (K+) and nitrate (NO3−) ions, which means it is an electrolyte and can conduct electricity.

Therefore, the substance that is an electrolyte among the options is KNO3 (potassium nitrate).

The concentration of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{6.88\;\%}[/tex] by mass.

Further Explanation:

The proportion of substance in the mixture is called concentration. The most commonly used concentration terms are as follows:

1. Molarity (M)

2. Molality (m)

3. Mole fraction (X)

4. Parts per million (ppm)

5. Mass percent ((w/w) %)

6. Volume percent ((v/v) %)

Mass percent:

It is the ratio of the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100.

The formula to calculate the mass percent of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mass}}\;{\text{percent of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} = \left( {\frac{{{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}}}{{{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}\;{\text{solution}}}}} \right)\left( {100} \right)[/tex]           …… (1)

The formula to calculate the mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] solution is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ solution}} = {\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} + {\text{Mass of water}}[/tex]       …… (2)

The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is 27.7 g.

The mass of water is 375 g.

Substitute these values in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ solution}}&=27.7{\text{ g}}+{\text{375 g}}\\&={\text{402}}{\text{.7 g}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is 27.7 g.

The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex]solution is 402.7 g.

Substitute these values in equation (1).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass}}\;{\text{percent of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}&=\left( {\frac{{{\text{27}}{\text{.7 g}}}}{{{\text{402}}{\text{.7 g}}}}} \right)\left( {100} \right)\\&=6.8785\;\%\\&\approx 6.8{\text{8 \% }}\\\end{aligend}[/tex]

Therefore the mass percent of [tex]{\mathbf{CaC}}{{\mathbf{l}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] is 6.88 %.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Concentration terms

Keywords: mass percent, 6.88 %, mass of CaCl2, mass of water, mass of CaCl2, concentration, CaCl2, 27.7 g, 375 g, 402.7 g.

Final answer:

The concentration of CaCl2 in the solution is approximately 6.88% by mass.

Explanation:

The concentration of a solution is usually expressed as a percent by mass. In order to calculate this, we need to determine the mass of the solute (CaCl2) and the mass of the solution (cacl2 + water).

Given that 27.7g of CaCl2 is dissolved in 375g of water, the total mass of the solution would be 27.7g + 375g = 402.7g.

The concentration of CaCl2 is then calculated by dividing the mass of CaCl2 by the mass of the solution and multiplying by 100%: (27.7g / 402.7g) x 100% ≈ 6.88%.

There are 28.42 grams of Na2SO4 in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M solution by first finding the number of moles in one liter and then multiplying by the molar mass of Na2SO4.

To determine the mass of solute in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M Na2SO4 solution, we need to follow these steps:

Therefore, there are 28.42 grams of Na2SO4 in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M solution.

Where –

Now, according to the question –

Calculation –

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\pink{\twoheadrightarrow\bf PV = nRT}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\pink{\twoheadrightarrow\bf PV = \dfrac{w}{M}\times RT}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf\dfrac{w}{M} = \dfrac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf \dfrac{M}{w} = \dfrac{RT}{PV}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf M = \dfrac{RT}{PV}\times w[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf M = \dfrac{0.0821 \times 273 }{1 \times 10 } \times 11.92 [/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf M = \dfrac{22.4}{10} \times 11.92[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf M = 2.24\times 11.92[/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\twoheadrightarrow\sf M = 26.7 [/tex]

[tex]\qquad[/tex] [tex]\pink{\twoheadrightarrow\bf M = 26.7\: g}[/tex]

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Methylamine is widely used in the making of pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and rubber chemicals. The lewis structure of methylamine determined the presence of lone pairs on nitrogen and have a trigonal pyramidal shape.

Methylamine is an organic molecule, in which one methyl group (CH3) and one amine group (NH3) are present.

The given below in the attachment is the lewis dot structure of methylamine.

The lewis dot structure is based on the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR). According to this theory:

Therefore, amine group will have trigonal pyramidal geomtery.

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Answer:

Mass of iron = 7.90 g

Explanation:

Given:

Volume of iron, V = 1.00 cm3

Density of iron, D = 7.90 g/cm3

To determine:

Mass of iron, M

Explanation:

Density of a substance is the mass occupied by it in a given volume

I.e. [tex]Density = \frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

[tex]Mass = Density*Volume[/tex]

For the given piece of iron:

[tex]Mass = 7.90 g/cm3 * 1.00 cm3 = 7.90 g[/tex]

Final answer:

The maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from 287g of silver chlorate and 52.8g of sodium phosphate is 134.78 grams, determined through stoichiometry and the identification of the limiting reactant.

Explanation:

To determine the maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from the reaction of 287g of silver chlorate with 52.8g of sodium phosphate, we first need to calculate the moles of each reactant using their molar masses.

For silver chlorate, Ag(ClO3), its molar mass is approximately 235.77 g/mol. Therefore, 287g represents about 1.217 moles of Ag(ClO3).

For sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, its molar mass is approximately 163.94 g/mol. Therefore, 52.8g represents about 0.322 moles of Na3PO4.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 3 moles of Ag(ClO3) react with 1 mole of Na3PO4 to produce Ag3PO4. We can see that sodium phosphate is the limiting reactant because it will run out first. Using stoichiometry, 0.322 moles of Na3PO4 will produce an equal amount of moles of Ag3PO4.

To find out the mass of Ag3PO4 produced, we convert the moles back to grams using the molar mass of Ag3PO4 (418.58 g/mol). Hence, 0.322 moles of Ag3PO4 corresponds to approximately 134.78 grams of Ag3PO4.

This means the maximum mass of silver phosphate that can be produced from the given amounts of reactants is 134.78 grams.

Answer is: C. The FDA tests give reliability to the results of improved health obtained by each company.

The FDA (The Food and Drug Administration) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

The FDA controls food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription, pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices, cosmetics and animal food.

Final answer:

The Arrhenius definition of acid-base reactions states that an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions, while a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton from the acid to the base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt.

Explanation:

The Arrhenius definition of acid-base reactions states that an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions, while a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions.

According to Arrhenius, an acid-base reaction involves the reaction of a proton (H+) from the acid with a hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base, resulting in the formation of water.

For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HCl donates a proton (H+) to NaOH, which accepts the proton, forming water (H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a salt.

Hydrocarbons with triple bonds are classified as Alkynes. 

Alkynes have one or more triple bonds between two Carbon atoms but the general formula is CnH2n-2. One is σ bond and rests are π bonds. Hence, alkynes are called as unsaturated hydrocarbons. 

A compound with a triple bond, like acetylene, is a molecule where three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. Acetylene contains a triple bond between its two carbon atoms. These bonds are strong, robust, and render unique properties to the compound.

A compound that contains a triple bond is a molecule in which three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, making it a very strong connection. An example of such a compound is acetylene (C2H2), which contains a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. The presence of triple bonds results in substances with unique properties when compared to compounds with only single or double bonds.

The triple bond in acetylene is formed by one sigma bond and two pi bonds. This means that acetylene is a more robust compound because of the strength of the triple bond. Additionally, molecules with triple bonds often have interesting chemical reactivities which make them important in various fields such as organic chemistry or industrial synthesis.

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The more kinetic energy there is an a sample of matter, the higher the temperature.

Average kinetic molecular theory states that kinetic energy of any sample of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of that sample.

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The correct answer is D. higher the temperature.

The kinetic energy of a sample of matter is directly related to its temperature. As the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance increases, the temperature of the substance also increases. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Therefore, if there is more kinetic energy in a sample of matter, the temperature will be higher.

Here's the logic behind the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature:

When particles in a substance move faster, they have more kinetic energy.

The faster movement of particles leads to more frequent and more energetic collisions between particles.

These more energetic collisions result in a greater transfer of energy when the substance comes into contact with another substance, which we perceive as a higher temperature.

The other incorrect options are:

A. more energy is absorbed as heat: This option is incorrect because the statement refers to the absorption of energy, which is not directly related to the kinetic energy already present in the sample.

B. more energy is given off as heat: This option is incorrect because it suggests that the sample is losing energy, which would lead to a decrease in temperature, not an increase.

C. Lower the temperature: This option is incorrect because it directly contradicts the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature; more kinetic energy means a higher temperature, not a lower one.

Answer:

Option B only

Explanation:

First to all, we have the same reaction in both equations, the difference between the two of them, is the fact one is Carbon in the form of graphite, and the other is carbon in the form of diamond.

Now, both reactions release energy in the form of heat, and it appears in the side of the products, this means that both reactions are exothermic (An exothermic reaction is when energy is released as product in the equation).

If energy is released in the reaction, (Which is enthalpy), this value is negative. As this value is negative, means that the internal energy of CO2 has to be lower than the energy of the reactants, so, option A can be discarted.

If we do E2 - E1:

-94.5 - (-94.05) = -0.45 kcal

Therefore, option B is correct.

As we can see the energy released in both equations, is different for both, so, graphite and diamond do not have equal enthalpy.

Finally, as the combustion of diamond releases more energy that the combustion of graphite (94.5 > 94.05), means that diamond has a higher internal energy than graphite. and Option D can be discarted.