Responding to stimuli that are similar-but not identical-to a conditioned stimulus is called

a. spontaneous recovery

b. respondent reinforcement

c. stimulus discrimination

d. stimulus generalization

Answer:

the first one

Explanation:

as it contains in the product N so its the forst

Answer:

C. They have stong intermolecular forces causing the particles to cling together.

Explanation:

Have you ever seen images where gases are all spread out and floating around? Well if you have, this is because the intermolecular forces are weak and are spreak apart. Contrary to this incorrect statement, solids have the stongest intermolecular force and cling together.

Answer:

C. They have stong intermolecular forces causing the particles to cling together.

Explanation:

A 1.0-liter aqueous solution with a pH of 5.0 contains 100 times more hydronium ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0, since the pH scale is logarithmic and a change of 1 unit corresponds to a tenfold change in ion concentration.

The question concerns the comparison of hydronium ion concentrations in aqueous solutions with different pH levels. To analyze the difference between a pH of 7.0 and a pH of 5.0, we need to understand that the pH scale is logarithmic; a change of 1 unit on the pH scale corresponds to a tenfold change in hydronium ion concentration.

For a solution with a pH of 7.0, which is neutral, the concentration of hydronium ions is 1.0 × 10-7 M. An acidic solution with a pH of 5.0 has a higher concentration of hydronium ions because each unit decrease in the pH value corresponds to a tenfold increase in [H3O+]. So, moving from a pH of 7.0 to a pH of 5.0 (a difference of 2 pH units), the hydronium ion concentration increases by a factor of 10 for each unit decrease in the pH. This means that a pH of 5.0 represents a hydronium ion concentration that is 10 × 10 or 100 times greater than that of a solution with a pH of 7.0.

Therefore, compared to a 1.0-liter aqueous solution with a pH of 7.0, a 1.0-liter aqueous solution with a pH of 5.0 contains 100 times more hydronium ions. Hydroxide ions are not directly mentioned in this comparison, but if they were, their concentration would be 100 times less, as they are inversely related to the concentration of hydronium ions.

Answer:

T₂ = 251.6 K

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial temperature = 41°C

Initial volume = 4.87 L

Final volume = 6.08 L

Final temperature = ?

Solution:

Initial temperature = 41°C (41+273.15 = 314.15 K)

The given problem will be solve through the Charles Law.

According to this law, The volume of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant number of moles and pressure.

Mathematical expression:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₁ = Initial volume

T₁ = Initial temperature

V₂ = Final volume  

T₂ = Final temperature

Now we will put the values in formula.

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

T₂  = V₂T₁ /V₁

T₂ = 4.87 L × 314.15 K / 6.08 L

T₂ = 1529.9 L.K / 6.08 L

T₂ = 251.6 K

Answer:

Theoretical yield of P4O10 is 568g

Explanation:

Step 1:

The balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:

P4(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s )

Step 2:

Determination of the limiting reactant.

From the balanced equation above, 1 mole of P reacted with 5 moles of O2.

Therefore, 3 moles of P will react with = 3 x 5 = 15 moles of O2.

We can see that a higher amount of O2 than what was given is needed to react with 3 moles of P. Therefore, O2 is the limiting reactant.

Step 3:

Determination of the theoretical yield of P4O10.

In this case the limiting reactant is used as it will produce the maximum yield of the reaction. The limiting reactant is O2. The theoretical yield of P4O10 is obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above, 5 moles of O2 produced 1 mole P4O10.

Therefore, 10 moles of O2 will produce = (10 x 1) /5 = 2 moles of P4O10.

Next, we'll convert 2 moles of P4O10 to grams to obtain the desired result. This is illustrated below:

Number of mole of P4O10 = 2 moles

Molar Mass of P4O10 = (31x4) + (16x10 = 124 + 160 = 284g

Mass of P4O10 =?

Mass = mole x molar Mass

Mass of P4O10 = 2 x 284

Mass of P4O10 = 568g

Therefore, the theoretical yield of P4O10 is 568g.

Final answer:

The theoretical yield of phosphorus(V) oxide when 3 moles of phosphorus react with 10 moles of oxygen is 2 moles, with oxygen being the limiting reactant based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Explanation:

The question involves the reaction between phosphorus (P) and oxygen (O₂) to form phosphorus(V) oxide (P₄O₁₀). According to the balanced chemical equation, P₄ (s) + 5 O₂ (g) → P₄O₁₀ (s), 1 mole of phosphorus reacts with 5 moles of oxygen to produce 1 mole of phosphorus(V) oxide. To calculate the theoretical yield of phosphorus(V) oxide, we first determine the limiting reactant, which is the reactant that will be completely consumed first and thus limits the amount of product formed.

In this scenario, 3 moles of phosphorus are reacted with 10 moles of oxygen. Since phosphorus requires 5 moles of oxygen for every mole of phosphorus, 3 moles of phosphorus would require 15 moles of oxygen for a complete reaction. However, only 10 moles of oxygen are available, making oxygen the limiting reactant. Therefore, the theoretical yield of phosphorus(V) oxide would be based on the amount of oxygen available.

Since 5 moles of oxygen react with 1 mole of phosphorus to produce 1 mole of phosphorus(V) oxide, 10 moles of oxygen would react with 2 moles of phosphorus to produce 2 moles of phosphorus(V) oxide. Therefore, the theoretical yield of phosphorus(V) oxide using 10 moles of oxygen is 2 moles of phosphorus(V) oxide.

Answer:

Explosive, Propellant and Semiconductor

Explanation:

Answer:

I, Br, Cl, F

Lowest --> Highest

Fluorine has the highest ionization energy due to less electron shielding compared to the other elements in the list.

Increasing temperature increases the reaction rate by increasing the speed of particles. Although increasing concentration and increasing surface area can also speed up a reaction, they do so by increasing the probability of collisions, not particle speed.

The three factors you have listed, namely, increasing concentration, increasing temperature, and increasing surface area, are indeed factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction. However, if we're specifically looking at the factor that increases the reaction rate by increasing the particle speed, then the answer would be increasing temperature.

Increasing the temperature causes particles to move faster, and because they're moving faster, they're more likely to collide with each other and react.

On the other hand, increasing concentration increases the number of reactant particles in a given volume, hence, increasing the chance of collisions. Whereas, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the area available for collisions to occur. Both will result in a higher rate of reaction, but not by specifically increasing particle speed.

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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is :

Bonding between two elements of equal electronegativity would be

a.100% covalent

b.50% ionic

c. metallic in character

d. primarily ionic

Answer: a. 100% covalent

Explanation:

An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element or the metal and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element or non metal.

A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals. When the two non metals have equal electronegativities, the bond is called as non polar covalent.

Metallic bonding is the type of chemical bonding occurs between the atoms of a metals.In this type of bonding arises due to electrostatic interaction between the electron cloud of de-localized electrons with positively charges metal ions.

Final answer:

A bond between two elements with equal electronegativity is termed a pure or nonpolar covalent bond, characterized by equal sharing of electrons without charge separation on the molecule.

Explanation:

Bonding between two elements of equal electronegativity results in a pure covalent bond, also known as a nonpolar covalent bond. This type of bond forms when electrons are shared equally between the atoms. Since there is no significant difference in electronegativity, there are no stable regions of net negative or positive charge on the molecule's surface, meaning the bond is nonpolar.

Answer: You can calculate the pH of an acid or base solution given the hydronium ion concentration by using the formula pH = -log [H3O+] or if given the hydroxide ion concentration by the formula [H3O+] = Kw / [OH-], then using the pH = -log [H3O+] formula.

The pH of a solution is calculated using the equation pH = -log[H3O+], which represents the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while a pH greater than 7 denotes a basic solution.

The basic equation used to calculate the pH of a solution is the negative, base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of the solution. This can be formally written as pH = -log[H3O+]. Using this equation, we can determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14.

A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral, with those pH less than 7 being acidic and those pH greater than 7 being basic or alkaline. For example, a solution with a pH 4 is ten times more acidic than a solution with a pH 5 since each pH unit represents a tenfold difference in H+ ion concentration.

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Answer:

32.4 K

Explanation:

From the given parameters;

Initial pressure P1= 50.0 mmHg

Initial temperature T1= 540K

Final Temperature T2 = ?????

Final pressure P2=3 mmHg

Now using this relationship;

P1/T1 = P2/T2

We have; P1T2= P2T1

Hence;

T2= P2T1/P1

T2= 3 ×540/50.0

T2= 32.4 K

Final answer:

The correct formula for iron (III) oxide is [tex]Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex], where the subscript numbers indicate the ratio of iron to oxygen atoms required to balance the charges of the iron cations and oxide anions in the compound.

Explanation:

The formula for the binary compound iron (III) oxide is [tex]Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex]. This compound is composed of iron and oxygen, where iron has a +3 oxidation state, known as iron (III). The correct formula is obtained by balancing the charges of the iron cations and oxide anions.

To balance the charges, we need two iron (III) cations (each with a charge of +3) to combine with three oxide anions (each with a charge of -2) to achieve electrical neutrality. The formula reflects the smallest whole number ratio of ions. Therefore, for every two iron ions, there are three oxide ions, giving us [tex]Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex], which makes answer (d) the correct choice.

Answer:

Explanation:

find the solution below.

Phosphorous acid (H3PO3), a diprotic oxyacid, has points of pH change that will happen at equimolar points of the titration with a base of equal concentration (KOH). The pH will vary depending upon the pKa values

The subject in question pertains to Chemistry, specifically acid-base titrations. Here Phosphorous acid ( H3PO3 ), a diprotic oxyacid , is being titrated with an equal concentration base which is Potassium Hydroxide (KOH). A diprotic acid is an acid that can donate two protons per molecule.

In the given scenario, since the concentrations of the acid and the base are the same, the points of pH changes will happen at the equimolar points of the titration. Thus, the first equivalence point will be when 50.0 mL of KOH is added, and the second equivalence point will be at 100.0 mL of KOH.

How much the pH changes after the addition of each portion of KOH depends on the pKa values. After 50.0 mL of KOH (but before 100.0 mL), the major species is HPO3^2- (pKa2 = 6.7). So, the pH should be approximately equal to this value. After 100.0 mL of KOH, the phosphorous acid has been fully neutralized, so the solution now contains mostly OH-, and the pH should be high, depending on how much extra OH- is in solution.

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Answer:

-393.5 kJ

Explanation:

E2020

The enthalpy of formation (delta Hf) of carbon dioxide from the reaction of carbon and oxygen is –393.5 kJ/mol

The enthalpy change the of a reaction is the amount of heat given off or absorbed when reactant molecules react to form products molecules.

Carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2 (g), and enthalpy of formation, delta Hf = –393.5 kJ/mol). This means that 393.5 kJ of heat is given off when 1 mole of carbon dioxide is formed from carbon and oxygen.

Therefore, the enthalpy of formation (delta Hf) of carbon dioxide from the reaction of carbon and oxygen is –393.5 kJ/mol

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Answer:

The answer to your question is   P2 = 0.78 atm

Explanation:

Data

Temperature 1 = T1 = 263°K                 Temperature 2 = T2 = 298°K

Volume 1 = V1 = 24 L                             Volume 2 = V2 = 35 L

Pressure 1 = P1 = 1                                  Pressure 2 = P2 = ?

Process

1.- To solve this problem use the Combined gas law

                          P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

-Solve for P2

                           P2 = P1V1T2 / T1V2

-Substitution

                          P2 = (1)(24)(298) / (263)(35)

-Simplification

                          P2 = 7152 / 9205

-Result

                          P2 = 0.777

   or                    P2 = 0.78 atm

The final pressure of the gas is 0.686 atm.

To determine the final pressure of the gas, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the product of the initial pressure and initial volume is equal to the product of the final pressure and final volume. In this case, we can write:

P1V1 = P2V2

Substituting the given values:

(1.00 atm)(24.0 L) = P2(35.0 L)

Solving for P2:

P2 = (1.00 atm)(24.0 L) / (35.0 L) = 0.68571 atm (rounded to 3 sig figs)

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Answer:

Your answer is number A.

Why is it that answer:

When water freezes, water molecules form a crystalline structure maintained by hydrogen bonding. Solid water, or ice, is less dense than liquid water.

Ice is less dense than water due to the open crystalline structure formed by hydrogen bonds when water freezes, resulting in gaps between molecules and an increased volume.

Ice is less dense than water because of the hydrogen bonds that form when water freezes. At lower temperatures, water molecules slow down sufficiently to allow hydrogen bonds to hold the water molecules in a crystalline lattice. Ice crystallizes with an open structure, creating gaps between the molecules, which increases the volume of ice compared to liquid water. This unique molecular arrangement in ice causes it to have a density of approximately 0.92 g/cm³, compared to fresh water's density of 1.0 g/cm³. The expansion of ice relative to liquid water is critical as it allows ice to float, forming a surface layer that insulates the water below and enables aquatic life to survive during cold seasons.

Answer : The final temperature of balloon will be, 907 K

Explanation :

Charles' Law : It states that volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.

Mathematically,

[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_1\text{ and }T_1[/tex] are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.

[tex]V_2\text{ and }T_2[/tex] are the final volume and temperature of the gas.

We are given:

[tex]V_1=2.3L\\T_1=25^oC=(25+273)K=298K\\V_2=7L\\T_2=?[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\frac{2.3L}{298K}=\frac{7L}{T_2}\\\\T_2=906.95K\approx 907K[/tex]

Therefore, the final temperature of balloon will be, 907 K

Final answer:

To expand a 2.3 liter balloon to 7 liters at constant pressure, the temperature must be increased to approximately 630.20°C. This calculation is done using Charles's Law by setting up a proportion between initial and final volumes and temperatures and then converting the final temperature from Kelvins to Celsius.

Explanation:

To determine how hot a 2.3 liter balloon will have to get to expand to a volume of 7 liters, we can use Charles's Law. Charles's Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvins. First, we convert the initial temperature of 25°C to Kelvins: 298.15 K (since 25 + 273.15 = 298.15). We then set up the proportionality constant using the initial conditions: V1 / T1 = V2 / T2. Substituting in our known values:

2.3 L / 298.15 K = 7 L / T2

Solving for T2 we get:

T2 = (7 L * 298.15 K) / 2.3 L

Calculating this we find T2 is approximately 903.35 K. However, to answer the question, we need to give the final temperature in degrees Celsius. Therefore, we subtract 273.15 from our final temperature in Kelvins: 903.35 K - 273.15 = 630.20°C. This is the temperature to which the balloon must be heated for it to expand to 7 liters.

Answer:

The new rms speed is 1.414 times the original rms speed

Explanation:

The rms speed (root-mean-square speed) of the molecules in a gas can be found by using the formula:

[tex]v=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}[/tex]

where

R is the gas constant

T is the absoolute temperature (in Kelvin) of the gas

M is the molar mass of the gas (the amount of mass per unit mole)

We can rewrite the equation as

[tex]v\propto \sqrt{T}[/tex] (1)

which means that the rms speed is proportional to the square root of the temperature.

In this problem, we are told that the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled, so the new temperature is

[tex]T'=2T[/tex]

Therefore, according to eq(1), we find that the new rms speed will be:

[tex]v\propto \sqrt{T'} = \sqrt{2T}=\sqrt{2} \sqrt{T}=\sqrt{2}v=1.414v[/tex]

So,

The new rms speed is 1.414 times the original rms speed

If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled ; ( D ) The new rms speed is 1.414 times the original rms speed

The r.m.s speed of molecules in a gas can be calculated using the formula below ;

[tex]v = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M} }[/tex]

T = absolute temperature

R = gas constant

M = molar mass

Also ; The rms speed of gas molecules is directly proportional to [tex]\sqrt{T}[/tex]

i.e.    v ∝ √T  ----- ( 1 )

Given that the absolute temperature ( T ) is doubled the new value of T = 2T

Back to equation ( 1 )

v = √2T  = √2 * √T

  = 1.414

Hence we can conclude that If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled The new rms speed is 1.414 times the original rms speed.

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Option A. The sample contains Uranium-235.

Most of the uranium used in current nuclear weapons is approximately 93.5 percent enriched uranium-235. Nuclear weapons typically contain 93 percent or more plutonium-239, less than 7 percent plutonium-240, and very small quantities of other plutonium isotopes.

Uranium is the fuel most widely used by nuclear plants for nuclear fission. Uranium is considered a nonrenewable energy source, even though it is a common metal found in rocks worldwide. Nuclear power plants use a certain kind of uranium, referred to as U-235, for fuel because its atoms are easily split apart.

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Answer:

A is the answer.

Explanation:

Physical changes do not change the substance's composition but just the outside qualities. However, chemical changes change the composition of the substance and it's chemical properties.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

c.) the temperature is higher in the kitchen

Explanation:

Answer:

31.5 mL of a 2.50M NaOH solution

Explanation:

Molarity (M) is an unit of concentration defined as moles of solute (In this case, NaOH), per liter of solvent. That is:

Molarity = moles solute / Liter solvent

If you want to make 525mL (0.525L) of a 0.150M of NaOH, you need:

0.525L × (0.150mol / L) = 0.07875 moles of NaOH

If you want to obtain these moles from a 2.50M NaOH solution:

0.07875mol NaOH × (1L / 2.50M) = 0.0315L = 31.5 mL of a 2.50M NaOH solution

Answer:

The correct answer is 31.5 ml

Explanation:

We have to dilute the more concentrated solution (2.50 M) to obtain a solution with a molarity of 0.150 M. We have the following data:

Initial concentration = Ci = 2.50 M

Final concentration = Cf = 0.150 M

Final volume = Vf = 525 ml

We consider the final and initial states and use the following expression to calculate the initial volume (Vi) in ml:

Ci x Vi = Cf x Vf

Vi= (Cf x Vf)/Ci = (0.150 M X 525 ml)/2.50 M = 31.5 ml

Answer:

P2≈393.609Kpa so I think the answer is 394 kPa

Explanation:

PV=mRT Ideal Gas Law

m and R are constant because they dont change for the problem. That means

PV/T=mR = constant

so P1*V1/T1=P2*V2/T2 and note that the temperatures are in absolute temperatures (Kelvin) because you can't divide by zero.

So P2 = P1*V1*T2/(V2*T1) = 101325 Pa * 700 mL * 303K/(200 mL*273K)

P2 = 393609 Pa

Answer:

3.94 x 10⁵ pascals

Explanation:

combined gas law problem

P₁V₁/T₁ =  P₂V₂/T₂ => P₂ = P₁(V₂/V₁)(T₁2T₁)

P₁ = 1 atm at STP       P₂ = unknown

V₁ = 700 ml               V₂ = 200 ml

T₁ = 0°C = 273K        T₂ = 30°C = 303K

P₂ =  1atm(700ml/200ml)(303K/273K) = 3.89 atm

3.89 atm = 3.89 atm(1.01 x 10⁵Pa/atm) = 3.94 x 10⁵ pascals

Answer:

Explanation:

hydrogen bond is a bond that is formed as a result of intermolecular forces that exist between hydrogen

and other atoms of electronegative elements such as oxygen and carbon. Since covalent bond is more stronger than hydrogen bond, with this it helps to hold DNA , proteins, molecules together, it brings about the stability of the double helix structure of DNA.

Therefore,it is useful for the base pairs of DNA to be held together by hydrogen bonds and not covalent bonds because Hydrogen bonds are crucial in DNA synthesis. and also it very easy for hydrogen bonds to be broken than covalent bonds. As a result of this, DNA can be easily unwind.

Hydrogen bonds hold DNA bases together because B. hydrogen bonds are easier to break allowing for DNA copying .

Covalent bonds would be too strong, hindering these processes.

Thus, the correct answer is B. hydrogen bonds are easier to break allowing for DNA copying.

Correct question is: Why are hydrogen bonds holding DNA bases together instead of covalent bonds?
A. hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds
B. hydrogen bonds are easier to break allowing for DNA copying
C. enzymes cannot break covalent bonds
D. covalent bonds cannot attach purines and pyrimidines

Answer:

In order: particles, pressure, temperature, and volume.

Explanation:

The mole gives a number of atoms or molecules in a substance. mmHg is millimeters of mercury and that is a type of unit of pressure. Celcius is a unit of temperature so it is the temperature. milliliter is a measurement of volume.

Answer: carbonic acid

Answer:

Matching the reaction on the top with the corresponding reaction on the left:

Explanation:

A) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) = 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

is Electrolysis breaks down water to form hydrogen and oxygen gas

B) 2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2H2O(g)

is

A bright light is produced when magnesium reacts with the oxygen in air to form magnesium oxide

Answer:NaCl

Explanation:

Final answer:

The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. It is composed of sodium cations and chloride anions in a 1:1 ratio.

Explanation:

The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound composed of sodium cations, Nat, and chloride anions, Cl-, combined in a 1:1 ratio. The formula mass for sodium chloride is calculated as 58.44 amu.