Cellular respiration converts the reactants' oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The reverse reaction of photosynthesis converts reactants of carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. These two reactions are part of which biochemical cycle?
A) carbon cycle
B) water cycle
C) phosphorus cycle
D) nitrogen cycle
Which of the following describes organelle structures that plant and animal cells have in common?
A) They both have ribosomes that are used to synthesize proteins and a cell membrane that serves as a selective barrier for the cell.
B) They both have a central vacuole that stores water and food and mitochondria that releases energy from glucose molecules.
C) They both have chloroplasts where conversion of light to chemical energy occurs and a cell membrane that serves as a selective barrier for the cell.
D) They both have a cell wall that provides protection and support and a nucleus where DNA is stored.
(I think its A)
Answer:
A) They both have ribosomes that are used to synthesize proteins and a cell membrane that serves as a selective barrier for the cell.
Explanation:
It is not B because animal cells do not have big vacuolas if they had any they are small, but it is common to have them in vegetal cells.
It is not C because animal cells do not have chloroplasts because they do not do photosynthesis its energy is taken by metabolizing nutrients from food.
It is not D because the animal cell does not have a cell wall. Is made principally of cellulose, a kind of carbohydrate, and its function is to protect the cell.
What type of bond holds the amino acids together in the proper sequence at the ribosome?
The peptide bond is responsible for holding the amino acids together.
What is the peptide bond?
A bond that is formed by a dehydration synthesis reaction happening at a molecular level between two molecules of amino acids is called a peptide bond.
This kind of reaction is also called a condensation reaction. This usually happens between amino acids. The two amino acids combine with each other to form a peptide bond through a reaction termed dehydration synthesis.
During this reaction, the carboxyl group of one of the amino acids loses a hydroxyl group. The amino group from the other amino acid also loses hydrogen from the ammonia group. The hydroxyl group in the first amino acid is replaced by nitrogen and that is how a peptide bond is formed.
Also, this is why the peptide bonds are also referred to as substituted amide linkages. Both the amino acids in the peptide bonds are covalently bonded with each other. The amino acids that are formed are also called a dipeptide.
Therefore peptide bonds hold amino acids together.
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Swine are vulnerable to infection by bird flu virus and human flu virus, which can both be present in an individual pig at the same time. when this occurs, it is possible for genes from bird flu virus and human flu virus to be combined. if the human flu virus contributes a gene for tamiflu resistance (tamiflu is an antiviral drug) to the new virus, and if the new virus is introduced to an environment lacking tamiflu, then what is most likely to occur?
a.the new virus will maintain its tamiflu-resistance gene, just in case of future exposure to tamiflu.
b.the tamiflu-resistance gene will undergo mutations that convert it into a gene that has a useful function in this environment.
c.if the tamiflu-resistance gene involves a cost, it will experience directional selection leading to reduction in its frequency.
d.if the tamiflu-resistance gene confers no benefit in the current environment, and has no cost, the virus will become dormant until tamiflu is present.
Final answer:
In the absence of Tamiflu, a Tamiflu-resistance gene in a new virus strain will likely persist in the population if it neither benefits nor incurs a cost to the virus, due to the lack of selective pressure.
Explanation:
The scenario described outlines a process where swine, acting as an intermediate host, allow for the reassortment of genetic material between bird flu virus and human flu virus, potentially leading to the formation of a new virus strain that carries a gene for Tamiflu resistance. Given the absence of Tamiflu in the new environment, the fate of the Tamiflu-resistance gene depends on its impact on the virus's fitness in that environment. If the gene confers no advantage and also does not incur any cost to the virus, it is likely to persist in the population due to genetic drift, as there is no selective pressure for or against it. This is supported by evolutionary principles which state that in the absence of selective pressure, neutral mutations (those that neither benefit nor harm the organism) can persist in the gene pool.
Which of the following aids in the weathering and transportation of rocks?
A.
wind
B.
clouds
C.
sunlight
D.
all of these
Most of the wood used for fuel comes from native forests around the world. The harvesting of wood for an energy source has serious environmental implications. Identify the environmental concerns of harvesting wood.
A) soil erosion
B) cost of harvesting
C) habitat destruction
D) habitat destruction and soil erosion
The 8 levels of classification, from broadest to most specific are:
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus
The correct sequence of classification levels from broadest to specific is Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Each classification sets apart characteristics, with the Domain being the broadest and Species being the most unique.
Explanation:In the field of Biology, the recognized hierarchy of classification, from the broadest to most specific, is as follows: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Each level narrows down an organism's traits to distinctive aspects, with the Domain being the broadest and Species being the most specific. For instance, Homo sapiens (Humans) falls under Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, and Species sapiens.
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A bunch of amino acids attach together is called a
A polypeptide is a single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides (more than about 50 amino acids long). An oligopeptide consists of only a few amino acids (between two and twenty).
A polypeptide
A bunch of amino acids attached together is called a protein.
What is protein?Protein can be found throughout the body in almost every organ or tissue, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair. It creates the hemoglobin that carries oxygen for your blood as well as the enzymes that drive numerous chemical reactions.
Amino acids join together to form polypeptides, which are another name for proteins, through a chain of peptide bonds.
Amide bonds connect the amino acids that make up a polypeptide to form a linear chain. A polypeptide or many polypeptides make up a protein (more than 50 amino acids long). Only a few amino acids make up an oligopeptide (between two and twenty).
Therefore, a protein is a collection of connected amino acids.
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describe eggs and egg laying in monotremes
2. Which type of microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell’s surface? (1 point)
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
dissecting microscope
compound light microscope
3. Which of the following distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell? (1 point)
the presence of a nucleus
the presence of a cell membrane
the ability to interact with the environment
the ability to reproduce
Which labeled cell part contains DNA that codes for protein?
The cellular machinery responsible for assembling proteins, known as ribosomes, are synthesized in the nucleus (plural, nuclei), which also houses the genetic material, or DNA, of the cell. Therefore, R.
What is a nucleus?When discussing genomics, the term "nucleus" refers to the organelle within a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and houses the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane has a network of pores that allow for the controlled entry and exit of particular molecules (like proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
The nucleus, which is also where ribosomes are made, houses the genetic material, or DNA, of the cell. The biological components known as ribosomes are in charge of assembling proteins.
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The large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the last 50 years most likely comes from...
A. an increase in cellular respiration
B. increased decomposition by bacteria
C. an increase in the burning of fossil fuels
D. an increase in photosynthesis
A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that species are generally stable over long periods of time. occasionally there are rapid changes that affect some species which can quickly result in a new species.
Both frogs and ducks have webbed feet. However ducks are more closely related to perching birds than to frogs.
Explain the process that has resulted in both frogs and ducks having feet that are similar
A client at 42 weeks' gestation is 3 cm dilated and 30% effaced with membranes intact and the fetus at +2 station. fetal heart rate (fhr) is 140 to 150 beats/minute. after 2 hours, the nurse notes on the external fetal monitor that for the past 10 minutes, the fhr ranged from 160 to 190 beats/minute. the client states that her baby has been extremely active. uterine contractions are strong, occurring every 3 to 4 minutes and lasting 40 to 60 seconds. the nurse suspects fetal hypoxia based on which finding?
________ use inorganic electron donors released from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Characteristics of parasitic nematodes and give us an example of infective eggs
Poundja, j., fikretoglu,
d., & brunet,
a. (2006). the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and pain: is depression a mediator?
On which part of the body does long-term use of stimulants (e.g., nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) have the most significant impact?
what type ofreproduction produces fungi that are different from either parent
A group of the same species, living together and breeding is known as a ______________. community kingdom population
How an alpine glacier can change the topography of a mountainous area
Alpine glaciers reshape a mountain's topography via erosion, creating features like sharp peaks and serrated edges. The movement of glaciers, facilitated by pressure-induced melting beneath them, causes the gradual wearing down of the mountainous rocks. Additionally, shifting climate gradients due to global warming can prompt further changes.
Explanation:An alpine glacier can significantly alter a mountain's topography through processes of erosion. When a mountain range is created through the upthrusting of the Earth's crust, its rocks become vulnerable to erosion caused by elements like wind, water, and ice. In particular, ice—through the form of moving glaciers—carves and shapes the mountain.
The immense pressure beneath glaciers leads to partial melting, which results in a water layer enabling glacial movement. As glaciers move, they scrape against the mountainous rocks, gradually wearing them down and dramatically changing the terrain's shape. Over time, this process results in features such as sharp peaks and serrated edges often associated with mountain ranges.
Moreover, climate gradients also contribute to these changes. As global warming intensifies, these gradients move higher up the mountains, potentially transforming habitats and changing the overall climate of these elevations. Subsequently, the continual melting and freezing cycles of glaciers could be jeopardized, impacting the supply of freshwater from higher elevation mountains.
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If 2n = 20, how many chromosomes are present in each cell in prophase ii of meiosis?
Final answer:
In prophase II of meiosis, each cell contains 10 chromosomes (n=10), which are the haploid number resulting from the division in meiosis I.
Explanation:
If 2n = 20, this signifies that the organism's diploid number of chromosomes is 20. In meiosis, specifically during prophase II, the cells are haploid. This means that after the completion of meiosis I, each cell has already halved the number of chromosomes from the diploid number to the haploid number (n). Essentially, each cell in prophase II of meiosis contains n = 10 chromosomes. It's important to note that these chromosomes are still in the form of sister chromatids, which are duplicates of each other and connected at the centromere, ready to be separated into two cells at the end of meiosis II.
What are the components of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cell's energy currency, essential for energy transfer and metabolism in all living organisms. It plays a crucial role in cellular energy processes.
Here’s a detailed breakdown of its components:
Adenosine:
Adenosine is a nucleoside consisting of two main parts:Three Phosphate Groups:
Attached to the adenosine molecule are three phosphate groups. These are structured in a specific order:These three phosphate groups are linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds, which, when broken, release energy that is utilized by the cell for various functions such as:
Muscle ContractionTransport of Molecules in and out of cellsBiochemical Reactions (anabolism and metabolism)When ATP is hydrolyzed, meaning it reacts with water, it breaks down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (P₁). This reaction can be summarized as follows:
[tex]\text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + P₁ + \text{free energy}[/tex]
The energy released during this process powers many cellular activities. Subsequently, the cell can regenerate ATP from ADP and P₁ by using energy obtained from various metabolic processes:
[tex]\text{ADP} + P₁ + \text{free energy} \rightarrow \text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O}[/tex]
In summary, ATP is made up of:
Adenine and ribose (forming adenosine)Three phosphate groupsWhich of these definitions of species most closely fits the biological species concept? members of the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring. members of the same species look almost exactly alike. for asexually reproducing organisms, members of the same species are based on dna and rna base sequence analysis. members of the same species are all morphologically similar?
When curare, a neuromuscular poison, is dropped onto an isolated muscle-nerve preparation in a laboratory, the muscle does not contract when the nerve is stimulated, even though neurotransmitter is released from the nerve cell. why does this happen? how might this action of curare be lethal to an individual who has been poisoned?
Either type of reproduction will result in the continuation of a species, but one method results in genetic variation as well. All BUT ONE is a reason why sexual reproduction better serves survival of the fittest and evolution of a species.
The argument that modern homo sapiens evolved first in africa, migrated outward, and eventually replaced archaic homo sapiens is known as the
There appears to have been several waves of movement of modern humans out of Africa to other continents. The earliest was approximately 270,000 years ago, and then again around 130,000 years ago. These earlier migrations appeared to have mostly died out.
The most significant wave occurred 70,000 years ago, which spread along the coast of Asia, reaching Australia around 65,000–50,000 years ago.
Corals are polyps of coelenterates (cnidarians) that contain numerous algae in their tissues. the algae contain photopigments that give the corals their color. when stressed by high temperatures, water pollution, or similar shocks, many corals expel their algae and turn white, a process called "coral bleaching." this appears to help the coelenterates survive the initial shock, but if they do not recover their native algae quickly, they soon die. similarly, the algae cannot live for long outside of the coelenterates' bodies. based on this information, the relationship between the two organisms is most likely
What holds the pollen and produces the males sperm on a flower?