Samuel faces the challenge of intellectual disability. He has been working as a cashier in a convenience store for several years. He has learned to do relatively simple arithmetic as it applies to his job, and he can read well enough to understand the daily newspaper, but he cannot easily go beyond these tasks. Samuel is best described as having _____.

Answer: A developmental psychologist would probably describe Emily's temperament as Easy.

Explanation:

Developmental psychologists specialize in analyzing the stages of development that human beings go through. Temperament is a biological component of our personality, we are born with a defined temperament that manifests itself more or less stable throughout our lives.

In babies, it is possible to identify three different types of temperament; the easy, the difficult and slow-to-warm-up.

The easy children are those who easily adapt routines and their surroundings, the difficult children do not regularly adapt routines and react negatively to changes in their environment, and slow-to-warm-up children have a temperament similar to easy children, however, their reactions tend to be slower and with less intensity.

I hope this information can help you.

Emily's contented nature and adaptability since infancy would classify her with an easy temperament, according to developmental psychologists Thomas and Chess. Temperament has a biological basis but is influenced by the environment and maturation.

This temperament type is part of a classification system devised by Thomas and Chess (1977), which includes three categories: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Babies like Emily who sleep and eat well and adapt quickly are considered easy because they tend to be calm, maintain positive moods, and are generally agreeable to new experiences. It's important to note that while temperament is believed to have a biological basis, environmental factors and maturation greatly contribute to how a child's personality develops and is expressed over time.

Answer: the correct answer is D)  encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem.

Explanation: it encourages a private solution because the government reduces taxes if private companies donate to charities. Donating to charities is a positive externality because it contributes to the common welfare of a country.

The income-tax deduction for charitable contributions encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem by incentivizing individuals to donate more, thereby addressing issues that benefit the public.

By allowing an income-tax deduction for charitable contributions, the government encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem. This is because a positive externality occurs when an activity provides benefits to third parties not directly involved in the transaction. In this case, the charitable contributions likely benefit the public, such as donations to educational organizations or those that fight poverty. The income-tax deduction incentivizes individuals to donate more to charity, thus potentially solving problems that create positive externalities in society, like education and well-being, that the market might under-provide.

Answer:

(B) can also be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves.

Explanation:

Marginal Cost represents the total cost increase that occurs when the quantity of goods produced is increased by one unit (or the total cost reduction after the reduction by one unit in the quantity produced). By the Law of Decreasing Marginal Income, Marginal Costs are increasing as more units of good are produced because, from a certain point, to get one more unit produced it is necessary to add more and more units of the productive factor.

With this, we can conclude that the resulting changes in supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers in relation to increased demand for these goods can also be interpreted as changes in their respective marginal cost curves.

The shifts in the supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers can be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves. These shifts enable both coal miners and electricity producers to produce more at any given market price.

In this scenario, the persistent below freezing temperatures in Florida have increased the demand for electricity, causing the price of electricity to rise. As a result, the price of coal, a key input in electricity production, also rises. These changes in the market conditions would lead to shifts in the supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers.

(B) These shifts can be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves. A shift in costs of production that increases marginal costs at all levels of output will cause the supply curves of both coal miners and electricity producers to shift to the right, shifting the marginal cost curves of these firms upward and to the left.

(D) This will result in a shift of marginal costs to the right, enabling both coal miners and electricity producers to produce more at any given market price.

Answer:

Denmark

Explanation:

Denmark is the country that hosts the largest 4th of July celebrations outside of the United States! People know this celebration to be called the Rebild Festival.

What the colors of the American Flag stand for:

Red - Hardiness and valour.

White - Purity and innocence.

Blue -  Vigilance, perseverance & justice.

The American flag's colors symbolize hardiness and valor (red), purity and innocence (white), and vigilance and justice (blue), and are often used to convey patriotism. The interpretation of colors is subjective and varies across different cultures and personal experiences. Symbolism in flags, like Mississippi's, reflects social and political histories and changes over time.

The colors of the American flag have specific meanings which have evolved over time. Traditionally, red symbolizes hardiness and valor, white signifies purity and innocence, and blue represents vigilance, perseverance, and justice. However, these associations can be arbitrary and are often influenced by cultural or historical contexts. Adding the red, white, and blue American flag to various items can suggest patriotism and national pride.

Color symbolism can also be influential in conveying certain emotions or political messages. For instance, the use of a yellow ribbon typically symbolizes support for military troops. In terms of political symbols, the old Mississippi state flag included elements that reflected its history of secession and racism, which was eventually replaced to symbolize a break from that past and an emphasis on unity and a tribute to indigenous populations.

It is important to recognize that the interpretation of colors and symbols can vary significantly among different cultures and personal experiences. The emotional response to colors can be quite powerful and can be utilized to suggest specific moods or represent various ideas in both literature and art.

Answer:

(C) autoshaping.

Explanation:

Autoshaping refers to a variety of experimental procedures used in classical conditioning. Autoshaping takes place when a reinforcer is paired with a stimulus. This stimulus is independent of the subject initially. This changes when the subject makes a response to the stimulus. From then on, the reinforcer is contingent on the response to the stimulus, thus bringing it under operant control.

Answer: Homeostasis depends on the ability of your body to detect and oppose these changes.

Explanation:

Answer: the concept is projective testing

Explanation:

In Psychology, projective testing is designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into this kind of evaluation.

Final answer:

Frank and Gina's experience with an abstract painting exemplifies Gestalt psychology concepts, which suggest that the brain perceives entire patterns or forms rather than just individual components. Their different interpretations highlight the interactive nature of viewing abstract art like Abstract Expressionism or Minimalism.

Explanation:

The concept that Frank and Gina's experience with abstract art reminds them of is likely Gestalt psychology. This area of psychology posits that the human brain tends to perceive objects as part of a greater whole and that this perception is not merely the sum of sensory inputs but involves a higher level of cognitive understanding. This concept is evident in their differing interpretations of the abstract painting - whereas Gina is able to perceive objects and form meanings beyond the chaotic appearance (figure-ground studies), Frank sees just the physical aspect of the paint on the canvas.

Abstract Expressionism and other movements like Minimalism challenge traditional notions of meaning in art. They suggest that the artistic value of a piece can exist in the viewer's perception, independent of representational imagery. Artists within these movements, such as Frankenthaler, employed techniques that emphasized the physical and formal elements of painting rather than clear representational content, inviting viewers like Gina to find their unique interpretations.

Answer:

The first duty of ICS leadership is the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or a planned event.: TRUE-A.

In the Incident Command System (ICS), the first duty of leadership is to ensure the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or planned event. It is true that the safety of personnel is the ICS leadership's primary concern.

The ICS, or Incident Command System, is a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response. Its purpose is to provide a common hierarchy within which responders from multiple agencies can be effective. So, the statement is TRUE. The first duty of ICS leadership is indeed the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or a planned event. This is necessary to ensure an effective, efficient response, prevent injuries or loss of life, and maintain operational integrity.

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Answer:

This is a True Statement

Explanation:

This is True. Ariely conducted a study to see if the statement in the question was true or not. After seeing the results she came to the conclusion that Less attractive people seem to have adapted and showed towards caring more about certain attributes such as intelligence, humor and kindness. While highly attractive people only wanted to meet and date other highly attractive people without giving much consideration to personality and internal traits.

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Final answer:

The statement is true; research indicates that while physical attractiveness is significant initially, people tend to value personality traits and emotional connections more over time in determining partner attractiveness.

Explanation:

True or false? According to Ariely's studies, people who are less attractive do not "settle" but instead come to appreciate characteristics other than physical attractiveness in their partners. The statement is true. Studies, including those by Ariely, suggest that while physical attractiveness plays a significant role in initial attraction, other factors such as personality traits, common interests, and emotional connections become more important over time in determining attractiveness and partner selection. This perspective aligns with the matching hypothesis, which proposes that individuals seek partners who are roughly equivalent in terms of physical attractiveness and social desirability. Furthermore, as individuals get to know each other, likable personality characteristics can become a better predictor of perceived attractiveness than physical features alone. This shift from a focus on physical to non-physical attributes reflects a deeper understanding of interpersonal attraction and the qualities that contribute to sustainable, fulfilling relationships.

Answer:

Ellwood & McGraw explain that in indigenous cultures, initiation rituals for young people "emphasized that the spirits of nature work through the natural processes of the human body."

Explanation:

Initiation rituals are rites of passages marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. They could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. A person  being subject of the initiation ceremony in traditional rites is called an initiate.

Answer:

When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in the bystander effect.

The student's reaction most clearly illustrates the bystander effect, which is the phenomenon of a bystander not helping a person in distress. It occurs due to the diffusion of responsibility.

The student's reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in the bystander effect. The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress. It occurs because of the diffusion of responsibility, where individuals assume that someone else will step up and help. In this case, Jamilah saw several adults passing by the old man without offering help, which influenced his decision not to help as well.

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Trust

Like any 4-month-old, Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers. When Amy cries, her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs. According to Erikson, Amy is developing a sense of trust.

The reason why "trust" would be the correct answer because Amy is building trust with her parents.

Amy is developing a sense of trust, due to the fact that she is trusting her parents to change her diapers, feed her, and etc. Amy's parents also complete those tasks very urgently when she's crying.

All in all, she's trusting her parents that they're going to be there to change her diapers and feed her when she needs it.

According to Erik Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, 4-month-old Amy is developing a sense of 'trust' as her parents are responsive and quickly meet her needs. This stage is critical in shaping an individual's overall personality and perception of the world.

According to Erik Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, 4-month-old Amy is in the 'trust versus mistrust' stage of her life. In this stage, infants are completely dependent on their caretakers and develop a sense of trust if their needs are quickly met, as in Amy's case. Building this sense of trust allows the infant to see the world as a safe and predictable place.

On the other hand, if the caregiver does not respond adequately, the infant may develop feelings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust. Consequently, in this case, Amy's devoted parents who are quickly responding to her needs are helping her to develop a sense of trust.

It is worth noting that these early experiences with trust and mistrust help shape future stages of Erikson's psychosocial development, ultimately contributing to the formation of an individual's overall personality and perception of the world around them.

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Answer:

PTSD

Explanation:

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a condition developed by many people who experienced a traumatic event in the past.

It can be a death of a loved one, a shocking or a scary event o a prolonged exposure to a dangerous situation (as fighting in a war).

Some people recover from the initial symptoms ( sadness, helplessness, flashbacks, anxiety) within 6 months after the event. Some people, however, never recover fully and may need medical help and some medication.

Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines of war and are experiencing overwhelming anxiety, depression, and flashbacks, as well as engaging in harmful behaviors, may be suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The characters who have returned from the frontlines of war and are struggling with overwhelming anxiety, hypervigilance, depression, and flashbacks, and strained relationships, are likely experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

When these veterans came home from the war, little was known about PTSD, and they did not receive the necessary healthcare. Research suggests that many World War II veterans are affected by the flashback memories and isolation associated with PTSD and may turn to alcohol as a method of self-medication.

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Answer:

Role strain about getting good grades and role conflict about working more hours.

Explanation:

The student is struggling in his algebra course and his parents are forcing him to work rather than do homework.

Final answer:

A high school student struggles with algebra due to a combination of employment responsibilities, lack of home resources like a computer, and a rigid education system not tailored to the needs of students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

Explanation:

The student in question is experiencing academic challenges in their algebra course due to a lack of time and support for schoolwork, influenced by the necessity of contributing to the family's income and a challenging home environment. These challenges are compounded by their social class and the demands of their job, which restricts their available study time and may lead to fatigue and strained motivation. Without the resources such as a personal computer and sufficient rest, the student is placed at a disadvantage compared to peers who have more support and resources. The education system, which often favors those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, may not account for the unique struggles faced by working-class students, thereby creating an unequal playing field that can hinder academic success and future opportunities.

Answer:    Accepting responsibility for your feelings

Explanation:  The fact that every action has its consequence is what is learned from early childhood. With the growing up and the complexity of living conditions and relationships and environments, this fact is slowly shifting into oblivion. Then we tend to blame others often for our own feelings, which may also be the result of some of our previous actions.

Yet there are people who understand the connection between action and consequence and are willing to accept responsibility for their own feelings. It is true that external events triggered our feelings, but their cause, that is why we feel that way, is certainly within us.

Answer:

What he said.

Explanation:

Answer:

Projection

Explanation:

The defense mechanism wherein a person protects his or her ego by attributing his or her own undesirable characteristics to others is called projection.

Answer:

(A) Formal outline

Explanation:

Public speaking is difficult for many people, but as training goes on, it develops into a common routine. This seems to be the case with Marsha, who can lecture for an hour without formally preparing the material.

However, beyond the disinhibition, public speaking requires holding the public's attention to your talk. This way, if you do some planning, things should flow better. One of the ways that are considered most effective is to formally outline the content of the lecture, placing topics and key points that will be discussed.

Answer:

B. shift to a lower gear

Explanation:

Gears are meant to produce different levels of force when connecting the car and the tires, and this creates the movement of the car, you need different kinds of output torques when changing gears, the initial gears produce more torque to set the car from a stand position into movement, the later gears produce less torque but more revolutions to create more speed, so when going up hill you will need more torque than before because the force necessary to go up is larger than in a flat surface, so you would need to shift to a lower gear.

As you approach a steep uphill grade in the mountains, the correct action would be to shift to a lower gear (option B).

Shifting to a lower gear allows the engine to generate more power and torque, which helps the vehicle maintain momentum and climb the hill more effectively.

This provides the necessary mechanical advantage to overcome the increased resistance and gradient of the uphill slope. Shifting to neutral (option A) or increasing speed (option C) would not be appropriate or safe in this situation. Pushing hard on the brakes (option D) is also not recommended as it can cause overheating and brake failure.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

Because she did put it and he did help, I don't think anything else matters, and in her heart she would probably pay him.

Answer:

Nicole is a 30-year-old lawyer who holds very conservative views. She always votes the straight Republican ticket in every election. At a New Year’s Eve party, she meets Frank who is also a 30-year-old lawyer but who holds very liberal views. He tells Nicole that he would never think of voting for a Republican candidate. Based on the research, you should predict that Nicole will dislike Frank because he supports opposing points of view.

Explanation:

Nicole is born and raised republican so she won't have an "open-minded" attitude towards Frank.

Answer:

Their cultural significance to humans.

Explanation:

Douglas McCauley is a professor and researcher who believes that understanding nature and how it works are the means we have to continue to exist longer as a species. McCauley's research is based on the study of ecology and aims to use this to evolve conservation methods while devising ways to create awareness among the general public about these issues that he considers extremely important.

Answer:

Their cultural significance to humans.

Explanation:

Douglas McCauley argues we should protect natural resources by valuing their cultural significance to humans.

Answer: It is called "conflicted"

Explanation: According to the typology developed by Olson, Olson-Stigg and Larson, there are five kinds of couples: harmonious couples, vitalized couples, conventional couples, conflicted couples and devitalized couples.

The typology developed by Olson, Olson-Stigg, and Larson has Conflicted marriages.

Conflict theorists do not agree with that public schools lessen social inequality via presenting identical opportunities. Instead, they agree that the academic device reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities that rise up from variations in class, gender, race, and ethnicity.

This hidden curriculum reinforces the positions of those with higher cultural capital and serves to bestow repute unequally. Battle theorists point to track, a formalized sorting system that places students on “tracks” (superior as opposed to low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities.

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Answer:

not using standard pronunciation.

Explanation:

I think it was supposed to say "wash up"

Answer:No, this does not need to be reported because it was assessed by the researcher as unrelated to the research study.

Explanation:

The heart attack might not necessarily be unexpected or related to participation in the hygiene focus group study, thus, it may not qualify for IRB reporting according to HHS regulations. Nevertheless, for maintaining participant safety and ethical conduct of research, the researcher should consider consulting with the IRB.

The scenario provided falls into a gray area regarding HHS regulations and IRB reporting, as it is not directly related to the research. Generally, according to Institutional Review Board (IRB) regulations, researchers must report any unanticipated problems that could potentially increase the risks to the research participants and others. These include adverse events that are serious and unexpected and have some reasonable possibility of being related to participation in the study. Heart attacks could be serious adverse events, but this case might not necessarily be unexpected or related to participation in the focus group study about hygiene. Thus, it may not qualify for IRB reporting under HHS regulations. But, to maintain a commitment to ensuring participant safety and the ethical conduct of research, it would be advisable for the researcher to consult with the IRB.

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Answer:

(D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Explanation:

In general, ADHD begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It can contribute to low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and difficulty in school or work.

Symptoms might include inattention and hyperactivity.

Treatments usually include medications and psychotherapy.

Answer: extraversion

Explanation: the Big Five Personality traits are: Neuroticism, Openess, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Extraversion.

In this case Xander is definitely an extrovert as he uses terms like we, our, us to communicate ideas.

Xander's frequent use of personal pronouns suggests that he would score high on the Big Five trait of extroversion.

Based on Xander's frequent use of personal pronouns such as we, our, and us in his articles, it can be predicted that Xander would score high on the Big Five trait of extroversion. Extroversion is characterized by sociability, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, and emotional expression, traits that are often reflected in the use of first-person pronouns in writing. People who score high on extroversion are usually described as outgoing and warm.

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The following statements best characterizes about  researcher : There was neither a violation of privacy nor a breach of confidentiality. The correct option is A.

In this scenario, based on the information provided, neither a violation of privacy nor a breach of confidentiality has occurred. The researcher adhered to the consent form by not retaining any identifying information of the human subjects. The file that was stolen contained aggregated numerical data, which means that the individual identities of the subjects were not included or compromised.

Thus, the ideal selection is option A.

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Final answer:

A breach of confidentiality occurred when the research file was stolen, but privacy was not violated because no identifying information was leaked.

Explanation:

The situation described constitutes a breach of confidentiality but not a violation of privacy. Although the stolen file contained aggregated numerical data from a research study with human subjects, no identifying information was retained, adhering to the consent form agreement. Confidentiality refers to the need to protect individual's personal information from being disclosed without their consent, and since no personal data was lost, privacy was maintained. However, because the physical security of the data itself was compromised (the file was stolen), confidentiality has technically been breached. This highlights the importance of maintaining physical security of research data.

Answer:

Multiple treatment interference.

Explanation:

Multiple treatment interference is the name of the threat that reminds researchers that the research results for the last reward system may not generalize to the population of workers. This is because of multiple treatment interference threatens the internal validity of an experimental or quasi-experimental design. There is difficulty in assigning variance to one of the reward systems.