The acceptance or abolition of the death penalty varies between different states in the US, and internationally. Factors at play include potential incorrect accusations, bias towards racial minorities, societal views on the harshness of punishment, and the type of crime committed. Execution of those with intellectual disabilities or underaged offenders is not permitted.
Explanation:The death penalty is a controversial topic with differing viewpoints. Some states in the United States have abolished the death penalty, believing it goes against the US Constitution's prohibition of 'cruel and unusual punishments.' Some of the concerns against the death penalty include potential incorrect judgement leading to execution of innocents, bias towards racial minority defendants, and the belief that life imprisonment serves as a more effective criminal punishment.
However, some states have maintained the death penalty, making revisions to execution procedures in order to conform to constitutional standards. Certain types of criminal acts, such as premeditated murder, qualify as capital crimes and justify death penalty in these states. There are restrictions though, such as exclusion of defendants with intellectual disabilities or those under eighteen.
In the international context, many countries, including all of Europe except Belarus, have abolished the death penalty, choosing instead life imprisonment without parole. Ultimately, the presence or absence of the death penalty can depend on societal perceptions of cruelty and unusual punishment, as these standards tend to evolve over time.
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The debate on the death penalty encompasses ethical, legal, and practical considerations, with arguments against its use highlighting issues like wrongful convictions, racial bias, and the irreversible nature of execution. Supporters argue for retribution and deterrence, yet evidence suggests life imprisonment may be a fairer and more humane alternative. The Supreme Court has also narrowed the application of the death penalty in recent years.
The debate on whether the death penalty should be abolished is complex and involves various ethical, legal, and practical considerations. Advocates for its abolition point to the irreversibility of execution and the risk of wrongful convictions, exemplified by over 130 people being released from death row due to new evidence. High-profile cases and state decisions, such as the moratorium on executions in California, highlight the contentious nature of capital punishment. The United States stands out among Western democracies for its continued use of the death penalty. Arguments against its use include the lack of dependability in application to meet due process standards, its non-deterrent effect, racial bias in sentencing, and the moral argument that as society advances, we should move away from physically harming individuals as a form of punishment.
On the other hand, supporters of the death penalty cite retribution, deterrence, and cost-saving arguments, though evidence for deterrence is inconclusive, and cost analyses often show that life imprisonment is less expensive due to the lengthy and complex legal process of executing someone. Furthermore, Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the application of the death penalty and prohibit its use on defendants with mental disabilities, those who were under eighteen when they committed the crime, and for crimes not resulting in death.
In conclusion, while some argue that certain heinous crimes warrant the death penalty, the myriad concerns about fairness, potential for irreversible error, moral objections, and international standards suggest that life imprisonment could be a more suitable and humane alternative. It preserves the possibility of rectification in cases of wrongful conviction and aligns with evolving societal values that reject intentional physical harm as punishment.
Did any one person or class hold the most power during the Middle Ages, or did it shift back and forth?
During the middle ages, the nobles or royalty held most of the power while also sharing a good part of it with the church. The church was followed by everyone while the royalty had limited control over the church. In a way it shifted back and forth but it was mainly in the hands of one ruler.
How did religious beliefs cause dutch immigrants to aggressively expand their settlements in southern africa?
Answer:
Historical developments of the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century shaped the Dutch emigration to the interior of South Africa. The Cape colony of dutch settlers faced problems by the end of Napoleonic war and in 1814 the colony of Cape was ceded to Britisher by the Dutch government.
The religious development of the chosen people ideology mentioned in the Old Testament aligned with Calvinist ideas of the Afrikaners has led them to legitimize their subordination of the other ethnic groups. Their resentment and to escape the British settlers, Dutch colonists began to move in the interior of South Africa.
HELLLLLPPPPPP!!!!!!! 3. Name three new weapons or methods of warfare first used during World War I. What effect did the introduction of new technology have on the war?
Write atleaset 4 sentences TYSM!!!!!
Answer:
some new weapons and technology used such as chemical warfare, flamethrowers and submarines caused great fear and chaos during World War I.
Before World War II, the United States had no interstate highway system, and traveling to different parts of the country was difficult. This means that ________ must have been even more important in determining mate selection.
Propinquity (or proximity) must have been more important in determining mate selection before World War II and the creation of the interstate highway system.
Propinquity is a sociological term. It means nearness, either in terms of space (proximity), time (contemporaneity), or blood (kinship). Here, we are looking at the space aspect, because the lack of interstate highways meant that people were a lot less mobile. If they were more likely to spend their lives in the same place, then they would probably choose a spouse who was "propinquant," that is, who lived in the same area.
In 1964, Kitty Genovese was brutally stabbed to death in front of her apartment building. Police reports showed that although more than 30 neighbors witnessed the event, no one helped or called the police. This incident reflects:
Answer:
the bystander effect
Explanation:
The bystander effect is the social psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals are less likely to intervene to help someone in an emergency. The greater the number of observer present at the site of a situation, the less likely would be a probability of helping hand. In contrast to this people would react more likely when there no or few witnessed present. There are many reasons recorded-for this effect like ambiguity, diffusion of responsibility, cultural difference, etc.
Rousseau believed that people are born free and surrender their freedom for the good of _[blank]_.
Answer:
Society
Explanation:
The basic idea of The Social Contract is to construct political institutions that allow the rule of compassion to provide the basis for legislation.
Rousseau believed that people are born free and surrender their freedom for the good of society.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Swiss political and philosophical thinker who stood out for his contributions in the field of political philosophy by raising various ideas on this topic.
For example, Rousseau argued that political systems based on economic interdependence and self-interest lead to inequality and selfishness.
Also, he said referring phrases such as "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains." The explanation of this phrase is that man gives part of his freedom to adhere to the rules of society because if he did not adhere to those rules and did everything under his own will, he could incur actions that society considers "bad ". For example steal.
In other words, Rousseau argued that social relations and belonging to the social order limit a man's freedom to exercise his freedom.
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Many had hoped that a compromise would be reached to prevent further nation divide. Which compromise do you think could have best prevented the Civil War from occurring? Explain why or why not using details from the lesson.
One of the main reasons for the civil war was the differences with slaves about whether it was illegal or legal to have slaves. This could have been avoided if there was agreement on how slaves should be treated.
Who was the first european to discover the pacific ocean by crossing the isthmus of panama?
Answer:
According to historical sources, the first European to discover the Pacific Ocean was Vasco Nuñex de Balboa. This ocurred on the 25th of September 1513, almost a month after he departed from Santa Maria La Antigua del Darién.
Explanation:
Balboa embarked in this expedition to assert his power over the Spanish Colony near the gulf of Uraba, and to use the supposed riches of the new sea to hold his defense against his enemies that had sent envoys to the Spanish Court of Charles V.
The first European to discover the Pacific Ocean by crossing the Isthmus of Panama was Vasco Núñez de Balboa.
In 1513, Vasco Núñez de Balboa led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama, becoming the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean from the New World. This significant achievement expanded European knowledge of the world's geography and demonstrated the potential for further exploration and conquest in the Americas.
Balboa's journey began in Santa María, the first permanent European settlement on the mainland of the Americas. Despite challenges such as treacherous terrain and hostile encounters with indigenous people, Balboa and his men successfully reached the Pacific coast, which he named the "South Sea" (Mar del Sur).This discovery had profound implications for future explorations, as it paved the way for subsequent voyages across the Pacific, including Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe. Balboa's accomplishment also intensified Spanish interest in the Americas, fueling further expeditions and the eventual establishment of Spanish dominance in the region.Read the excerpt from "A History of Voting Rights."
The attitudes and belief systems of the day had much to do with the limitation of voting rights. Women were considered ill-suited to decide upon matters of politics, as they traditionally were responsible for taking care of the home."
Based on this excerpt, what is one reason that women were denied voting rights in the early 1800s?
Final answer:
Women were denied voting rights largely due to societal norms that viewed them as unsuited for politics due to their domestic roles and the coverture doctrine which prevented them from meeting property or taxation qualifications for voting.
Explanation:
One primary reason that women were denied voting rights in the early 1800s was the societal belief that they were ill-suited for political matters due to their roles in domestic life. A predominant view, as described in the Essex Result, was that women's 'natural tenderness and delicacy of their minds, their retired mode of life, and various domestic duties' disqualified them from making political decisions. Additionally, the doctrine of coverture meant that married women could not own property or pay taxes, which were often prerequisites for voting eligibility. Challenges to this system arose, with advocates like Hannah Corbin suggesting that if single, property-holding women were still taxed, they should be granted the right to vote or exempted from taxes. Despite these early protests, it would not be until the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920 that women would secure the right to vote across the United States.
How does the amendment process illustrate federalism and popular sovereignty?
The amendment process illustrate federalism and popular sovereignty as they are presented at the national level and confirmed at the state level by people-elected representatives.
What is amendment?A correction is similar to an amendment. It can take several forms, such as upgrading something through legislative or constitutional processes. It is the amendment to the Constitution made by the top legislative body.
According to the Tenth Amendment, "the powers not provided to the United States by the Constitution, nor denied to the states by it, are reserved to the states, or to the people."
In other words, under the Constitution, states have all the authorities that the federal government does not have. It discusses the state government's powers.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Amendment are presented at the national level and confirmed at the state level by people-elected representatives.
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Mann describes several commodities that were taken from Europe and Africa to the Americas. Which of the following were taken from the Americas to Europe
Answer:
The correct option is gold and silver.
Explanation:
When they colonized the Americas the Europeans, especially the Spanish Crown took a lot of gold and silver from the native civilizations that were in the Americas at the time, especially the Aztecs and the Incas that has complex civilizations with a good deal of gold and silver jewelry and amulets and other objects made of precious metals. The Spanish Crown became the richest power in Europe by the late 1500s for a time as a result of all the gold and silver it was able to exploit and bring back to Europe. They began mining more intensively for the resources as well, especially in the case of silver, using primarily indigenous labor.
The fifteenth amendment guaranteed _______________ for all us citizens
Answer:Voting
Explanation:
The cartoon shown appeared in a U.S. newspaper in 1914. The artist implies that A) U.S. involvement in World War I is inevitable. B) World War II could not spread to the western hemisphere. C) the United States was responsible for creating hostility and conflict in Europe. Eliminate D) the Monroe Doctrine protected the U.S. from involvement in European affairs and W.W. I.
Answer:
D) the Monroe Doctrine protected the U.S. from involvement in European affairs and W.W. I.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The 1914 newspaper cartoon implies that U.S. involvement in World War I is inevitable due to the challenging circumstances despite isolationist policies based on the Monroe Doctrine and Washington's advice.
Explanation:
The cartoon from a U.S. newspaper in 1914 would imply that U.S. involvement in World War I is inevitable (Option A). The cartoon suggests that despite efforts to adhere to the principles of the Monroe Doctrine and Washington's advice to avoid entangling alliances, the circumstances leading up to WWI would challenge U.S. isolationist policies. U.S. entry into WWI was largely influenced by issues such as the sinking of the RMS Lusitania, the Zimmermann Telegram, and Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare, which threatened American lives and interests. President Wilson initially tried to keep the U.S out of the war but ultimately found it impossible to maintain neutrality.
How did the colonists get access to british ships during the boston tea party?
1. Use the graph to answer the following question: Which side—the Allied Powers or the Central Powers—suffered the most casualties? Explain.
Answer:
The Allies
Explanation:
The Allies suffered a total of about 18,500,000 casualties, while the Central Powers suffered about 15,000,000.
What was the biggest limitation of the Copenhagen Accord (2009) which included provisions for limiting the average rise in global temperatures to 2 degree Celsius and a commitment by the developed nations to generate $100 billion in additional resources to aid developing countries?
Answer:
The biggest weakness is that it was not legally binding. Countries signed the compromise, but they were not obliged to meet the criteria. This is a big reason why it was replaced (not officially replaced, but replaced in fact) by the Paris Accords.
Another big weakness of the Copenhagen Accord is that it was signed by only five countries: the United States, and the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). These are five huge countries that represent a great share of the world's emissions, but they still do not include big emitters like Germany or France.
Which statements describe an event that contributed to the decline of the Aztec Empire? Choose all answers that are correct. The Spanish took Moctezuma prisoner. The location of the Aztec capital made trade difficult. Smallpox weakened the Aztecs' ability to resist. The Aztecs welcomed the Spanish with gifts. Cortés gave up his desire for more gold.
The correct answers are A) The Spanish took Moctezuma prisoner. C) Smallpox weakened the Aztecs' ability to resist. D) The Aztecs welcomed the Spanish with gifts.
The statements that describe an event that contributed to the decline of the Aztec Empire were the following: The Spanish took Moctezuma, prisoner, smallpox weakened the Aztecs' ability to resist. and the Aztecs welcomed the Spanish with gifts. The big problem for the Aztecs was that they confused the Spaniards with the gods of its prophecy. The Aztecs were waiting for Quetzalcoatl God, and they thought it was Herna Cortéz. So the Aztecs completely welcomed the Spaniards and offered them gifts as if they were gods. That is why it was so easy for the Spaniards to take Emperor Moctezuma as a prisoner. New diseases unknown to the Aztecs such as smallpox, chickenpox, influenza, and malaria, also contributed to its loss to the Spanish.
Answer:
a, c, and d
Explanation:
What tactics did jose de san martin and simon bolivar use to defeat spanish forces in south america
The main tactics used by San Martin and Bolivar were guerrilla fighting, using the weaknesses of the Spanish army, and smartly recruiting people.
Explanation:
San Martin and Bolivar are some of the most important and influential Latin American revolutionaries. Both of them fought for the freedom of the Latin American countries from Spain. The main reason behind this was the displeasure of the Spanish ruling, which in all truth was terrible. Their main goal was to form a large, united, strong Latin American country.
While there was success in the conflict with Spain, and one by one the Latin American territories were freed, the main goal was not achieved. A large, united, and strong Latin American country didn't formed, but instead numerous countries arose in the region. The majority of the newly formed countries had communist ideals, which was a legacy left from the revolutionaries, which in turn caused problems with the Western World.
Some of the tactics that San Martin, Bolivar, and the other revolutionary leaders used were:
guerrilla fightingstriking the weak links of the Spanish armyattacking at a time when the Spanish had problems in their homelandrecruiting people and turning them against the SpanishLearn more about the reasons for the rise of communist ideals https://brainly.com/question/1292854
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José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar used geographical advantage, inclusive recruitment, and radical militancy to defeat Spanish forces. San Martín led a challenging trek through the Andes to outflank royalist strongholds. Bolívar waged a 'war to the death', enlisting marginalized populations to boost his forces and erode royalist backing.
Explanation:José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar used a number of different tactics to defeat the Spanish forces in South America. One of the key tactics employed by San Martín was the use of geographical advantage, where he led his forces through the Andes mountains to attack the Royalists in Peru, their stronghold. He prepared his troops at the base of the mountains and led them through challenging terrains at altitudes of over ten thousand feet.
On the other hand, Bolívar conducted what he termed as 'war to the death', a radical approach to the conflict designed to minimize support for the royalists. Those who did not actively support independence were sentenced to death, a tactic that while brutal, proved effective in reducing support for the royalists. He also enlisted the aid of the marginalized mixed-race and Black populations as well as the creole elites, which significantly boosted his forces, turning the tide in favor of the patriots. This inclusive approach proved instrumental in Bolívar's consistent victories in the wars of independence.
Both leaders also shared a common outlook towards alliances among the newly independent nations of South America, which helped cement the cause of independence and shared governance among these nations. Their strategies not only aimed at military victory but also at forming a united and independent South America.
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Although the civil rights movement did not lead to large protests until the 1950s, the ____________________ had supported court cases intended to overturn segregation since its founding in 1909.
Answer: NAACP
Explanation:
Although the civil rights movement did not lead to large protests until the 1950s, The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) had supported court cases intended to overturn segregation since its founding in 1909.
The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909, with the intention of organizing black civil rights. It was founded by African Americans W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Mary Church Terrell, and the whites Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, William English Walling, Florence Kelley; Oswald Garrison Villard, and Charles Edward Russell.
1. to see or understand the difference; to make a distinction
2. one who takes the place another has left
3. different from all others; unusual
4. to shepherd; to care for
5. to be abundant or spread throughout
6. to lay the basis of or establish
7. close resemblance or similarity
a.pastor
b.successor
c.unique
d.pervade
e.discern
f. found
g.parallelism
Answer:
1. To see or understand the difference; to make a distinction - e.discern
2. One who takes the place another has left - b.successor
3. Different from all others; unusual - c.unique
4. To shepherd; to care for - a.pastor
5. To be abundant or spread throughout - d.pervade
6. To lay the basis of or establish - f. found
7. Close resemblance or similarity -g. parallelism
Explanation:
1. To discern is to make a distinction, to make a difference of something. It is the ability to make a differing opinion on an idea or a thing.
2. A successor is someone who succeeds or takes the place of the one before him. This allows the flow of power or authority to be maintained and kept in line.
3. Unique is the quality of something making it different from the others, making it an entity of its own. It is unusual, out of the ordinary and not the same as the others.
4. A pastor is the career of a congregation in a church, the 'shepherd' to look after the believers.
5. To pervade is to be spread everywhere, found throughout. This shows or indicate the availability or abundant nature of a thing.
6. To lay the basis of something, to establish is also another word for "to be found". It shows the presence of anything in a place or region.
7. Parallelism is the quality that shows the similarity of one thing with another.
What was the name of the ship that the pilgrims traveled over on
Answer: mayflower
Explanation:
Answer:
Mayflower
Explanation:
That's what the Pilgrims did in the year 1620, on a ship called Mayflower. Mayflower sailed from England in July 1620, but it had to turn back twice because the ship it was traveling with, leaked.
Who were these people and what are their significance to the early years of exploration: Bartholomew Dias, Prince Henry the Navigator, Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco Da Gamma, and Christopher Columbus?
The people that are listed are significant because they were some of the most important explorers that changed the course of the human history.
Explanation:
At the end of the Middle Ages, the situation in Europe was changing. In order to prosper and gain more wealth, many European countries started to sponsor expeditions. The goal of the expeditions was to find new routes toward the markets of Asia, so that the trade can go on without being dependent fro third party. While some of the explorations indeed resulted in finding new routes toward Asia, others came out with very unexpected results.
Some of the expeditions actually resulted in the discovery of new continents. Initially it was North America that was discovered, and soon after that it was South America. After some time, lot of island chains and Australia were discovered. This brought in all sorts of changes int he world, from economic and political, to demographic and social.
The main and major achievements of the explorers that are listed are:
B. Dias - Cape of Good Hope, sea route around AfricaPrince Henry the Navigator - Established and secured trade routes along the African coastlineFernando Magellan - Circumnavigated the world, explored three oceansV. de Gamma - Improved and controlled trade routes around Africa and the Indian OceanC. Columbus - Discovered the AmericasLearn more about Fernando Magellan https://brainly.com/question/742487
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In the image above, the artist uses the king’s imposing statue and his dress to create a sense of _______. a. humility b. power c. love d. anger Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answer:
b. power.
Explanation:
Answer:
b. power.
Explanation:
Which sentence is written correctly? A. Katherine Miles, started the orphanage, The Miles Ahead Children's Home in Cichago. B. Katherine Miles started the, orphanage, The Miles Ahead Children's Home in Chicago. C. Katherine Miles started the orphanage The Miles Ahead Children's Home in Chicago. D. Katherine Miles started, the orphanage The Miles Ahead Children's Home, in Chicago.
Answer:
Chief Keef
Explanation:
Answer:
Correct answer is C.
Explanation:
Study island question
What were the reasons certain groups were against the new deal?
Answer:
u feel me?
Explanation:
what deal we talking pablo
The people were against the New deal it has not fulfilled the issue of unemployment which led to the great depression in the society.
Explanation:
Mr. Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the USA; he has proposed a New Deal which assures the people for better standard of living. The New Deal was framed to enhance the economic policies which indeed influence the local business with a major shift in profits.
The National Recovery Administration (NRA) created by then-President was to control the competition between the industries and make them work along with the government. But it had created a huge shortfall in the national budget ending up in closure of businesses leading to the unemployment problems.
Certain groups of people were against the New deal because they thought that the government is responsible for the great depression.
What impact did the Second Great Awakening have on western expansion? A.Northwestern Native Americans longed to be a part of the Second Great
Awakening camp meetings.
B.Missionaries inspired by the Second Great Awakening spread the word on the
western frontier.
C.The Second Great Awakening inspired people to move west to escape the
camp meetings.
D. Revivalists were encouraged by newly established northwestern settlements
to move west.
Answer:
The answer is : B.Missionaries inspired by the Second Great Awakening spread the word on the western frontier.
Explanation:
Many people from New England emigrated to the west inspired by the movement and teachings of the Great Second Awakening in the 1830s. They moved to new palces in New York, Illinois, Indiana. This strong process of Protestant transformation spread like wildfire in the northern states, states of Yankee culture.
how did changes in the late 1800s affect the lives of children
Answer: School started to become more of a widespread thing, making education more available. These children were still not protected from child labor and had to continue to work, however as child labor laws were not passed until the early 1900’s.
Explanation:
Answer: “Many were attending new and improved elementary schools”
Explanation: that’s what it said the correct answer is. :)
Ten southern states immediately followed South Carolina’s secession from the Union in December 1860. These eleven rebellious states celebrated the formation of the Confederate States of America (CSA) on January 1, 1861.
Answer: false
Explanation:
The economic system of these states, located in the southern region in the US, this relied heavily on availability of the slave labor of African-Americans in agriculture and plantations. Also, the main reason why the confederacy was created was in response to the threat to the institution of slavery that represented the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the US. It wasn't until after the beginning of the American Civil War, in 1861, that the other four slave states joined such as Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia.
Answer:
The economic system of these states, located in the southern region in the US, this relied heavily on availability of the slave labor of African-Americans in agriculture and plantations. Also, the main reason why the confederacy was created was in response to the threat to the institution of slavery that represented the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the US. It wasn't until after the beginning of the American Civil War, in 1861, that the other four slave states joined such as Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia.
Explanation:
Native Americans in the Southeast were forced off their land in the 1830s, despite the Supreme Court’s ruling in _____,which said that state laws had "no force" over the natives there. The natives were eventually expelled to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) on a march called the _____ by the natives.
Answer: 1832
Trail of Tears
Explanation:
The ruling of 1832 originated in a lawsuit presented by Samuel Worcester against the state of Georgia, which had sanctioned laws that allowed for white settlement in what were considered Native American lands, this was ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
The infamous Trail of Tears refers to the passage that Native Americans underwent when expelled from their lands in the Sotheast. It gets its name due to the fact that around thirteen thousand natives died during the process of relocation before reaching Indian Territory.
In macroeconomics courses in the 1960s and early 1970s, some economists argued that one of the U.S. political parties was willing to have higher unemployment in order to achieve lower inflation and that the other major political party was willing to have higher inflation in order to achieve lower unemployment. Such views of the trade-off between inflation and unemployment might have existed in the 1960s because the Phillips curve was widely viewed as A. upward sloping. B. vertical. C. stable. D. horizontal. Such views are rare today because A. both political parties agree that higher inflation is acceptable if it means lower unemployment. B. the Phillips curve has been found to be upward sloping. C. in the long run there is no tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. D. the Phillips curve is viewed as a policy menu and a stable relationship.
Answer:
For the first question, none of the answers provided are correct. The Phillips Curve is in fact downward-sloping, with the Y-axis representing inflation, and the x-axis represented unemployment. According to this curve, higher inflation leads to lower unemployment, hence, both variables are inversely proportional, and thus, the curve is downward sloping.
I have attached a picture of the Phillips Curve where this can be seen clearly.
For the second question, the correct answer is C) In the long run there is no tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.
The trade-off between inflation and unemployment only exists in the short-term. This was demonstrated by the stagflation period that affected the United States during the 1970s. During stagflation, unemployment is high, inflation is high, and economic growth is low.
The reason why this trade-off does not exist in the long run is the future expectations of economic agents. The fact is that the Phillips Curve model did not take into account this expectations.
When inflation is high, and economic agents expect it to rise even more, they invest less because interest rates will be higher and loans more expensive, and consumers will consume more and save less because money will lose value faster as inflation rises. This scenario causes less economic activity and ultimately leads to stagflation.