Suppose that a chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. These wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted due to the minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects enough donations to stop the farm's pollution. Which of the following types of private solutions to the externality of pollution has occurred in this case? a. contracts b. Moral codes and social sanctions c. Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition d. Charities It’s important to note that sometimes private solutions to externalities do not work. For example, this occurs when one party repeatedly holds out for a better deal. This describes the problem of (transaction cost, breakdown in bargaining, property held in common)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The answer is letter D.

Explanation:

Charities. It’s important to note that sometimes private solutions to externalities do not work. For example, this occurs when one party repeatedly holds out for a better deal. This describes the problem of (transaction cost, breakdown in bargaining, property held in common)

Answer 2

The charitable actions of a local nonprofit organization represent a private solution to the externality of pollution caused by a chicken farm. This solution falls under the category of charities. The problem of one party holding out for a better deal causing a breakdown in bargaining relates to high transaction costs.

The solution to the chicken farm's pollution of the nearby stream and lake in this scenario represents a form of a charitable action to mitigate a negative externality. The local nonprofit environmental organization collected donations to stop the farm's pollution, which aligns with the concept of charities helping to fight behaviors resulting in negative externalities. Charities establish a private solution by using private funding to address externalities without requiring government intervention.

When discussing why sometimes private solutions to externalities do not work, the problem described is referred to as a breakdown in bargaining. A breakdown occurs when one party holds out for a better deal, resulting in increased transaction costs or difficulties in reaching an efficient solution to the externality.


Related Questions

A firm has a tax burden of 0.9,a leverage ratio of 1.1, an interest burden of 0.6, and a return-on-sales ratio of 13%. The firm generates $2.62 in sales per dollar of assets.

What is the firm's ROE?

Answers

Answer:

the firm's ROE is 20%

Explanation:

The tax burden is 0.9

The interest burden is 0.6

The return on sales margin is 13%

The turnover ratio is 2.62

The leverage ratio is 1.1

Calculate the ROE

ROE = 0.9 * 0.6 * 0.13 * 2.62 * 1.1

=0.2 or 20%

Andrew is saving up money for a down payment on a car. He currently has $5470, but knows he can get a loan at a lower interest rate if he can put down $6253. If he invests the $5470 in an account that earns 4.8% annually, compounded quarterly, how long will it take Andrew to accumulate the $6253? Round your answer to two decimal places, if necessary.

Answers

Answer:

2.79 quarters, so almost 3 quarters or 9 months

Explanation:

We write the equation, and solve it. To solve for x, as x is an exponent, we must use logarithms.

[tex]5,470(1+0.048)^{X} = 6,253\\(1.048)^{X}  = \frac{6,253}{5,470} \\(1.048)^{X} = 1.14\\XLog1.048 = Log 1.14\\X = \frac{Log1.14}{Log 1.048} \\\\X = 2.79\\[/tex]

Final answer:

It will take Andrew approximately 4.36 years to accumulate $6253 by investing $5470 in an account that earns 4.8% annually, compounded quarterly.

Explanation:

To calculate how long it will take Andrew to accumulate $6253 by investing $5470 in an account that earns 4.8% annually, compounded quarterly, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:
A = final amount ($6253)
P = principal amount ($5470)
r = annual interest rate (4.8% or 0.048)
n = number of times interest is compounded per year (4)

t = number of years

Plugging in the values: 6253 = 5470(1 + 0.048/4)^(4t)

Dividing both sides by 5470: 1.1433 = (1.012)^4t

Taking the logarithm of both sides to solve for t: 4t = log(1.1433)/log(1.012)

t = (log(1.1433)/log(1.012))/4

Using a calculator, we find that t is approximately 4.36 years. Therefore, it will take Andrew approximately 4.36 years to accumulate $6253.

You estimate Bayleaf Inc. has free cash flows of $70 million arriving in 1 year, $74 million in 2 years, and $80 million in 3 years. After year 3, the long term growth rate of FCF will be 3% (thus year 4 FCF is $82.4 million). Bayleaf has $241 million in net debt and a weighted average cost of capital of 14%. What is your estimate of the Enterprise Value of Bayleaf (in millions)?

Answers

Answer:

If no information of how many years expected for the FCF in Bayleaf, then I assume you expect FCF in 4 years only.

Then the Enterprise Value of Bayleaf is nil, since its valuation is negative of roughly $19,871.

However if we expect to have FCF in 20 years, in which the growth rate of FCF in year 4th is 3% year on year, then the valuation of Bay Leaf Inc. is roughly $347 million.

Explanation:

The valuation of enterprise is Net present value (NPV) of Free Cash Flow (FCF) minus its Net Debt

In the NPV, the discount rate is weighted average cost of capital (WACC); thus we can calculate NPV of FCF in Bayleaf by this function in excel = NPV(14%,70000,74000,80000) = $221,129,242

Then the valuation of company if considering FCF in 4 years is ($19,871)= NPV of FCF – Net Debt = $221,129,242 - $241,000,000

Please see excel attached for your details.

Andrew owns a popular, but expensive Chinese restaurant. In order to introduce more people to his brand, he offers a series of one-time "taste fairs" in which he brings his recipes to a locally sponsored event. Customers are able to pay modest amounts for small servings of his creations while not paying for the ambiance of the famous restaurant. What need is Andrew addressing?

the restaurant’s lack of customers
customers’ lack of money
customers’ lack of time
the customers’ lack of access

Answers

Answer: customers' lack of money

Explanation:

Here, in this particular case we can state that the restaurateur Andrew who owns and run a popular contemporary but expensive Chinese restaurant is addressing the fact that customer's lack money. The fact in this particular case is that consumers are willing to pay a modest amounts for the small amount of food being served while in contrast not paying for the "atmosphere" of his restaurant.

Armor​ Sports, Inc. has two product lineslong dashbatting helmets and football helmets. The income statement data for the most recent year is as​ follows: Total Batting Helmets Football Helmets Sales revenue $ 840 comma 000 $ 500 comma 000 $ 340 comma 000 Variable costs ​(530 comma 000​) ​(250 comma 000​) ​(280 comma 000​) Contribution margin $ 310 comma 000 $ 250 comma 000 $ 60 comma 000 Fixed costs ​(200 comma 000​) ​(90 comma 000​) ​(110 comma 000​) Operating income​ (loss) $ 110 comma 000 $ 160 comma 000 ​$(50 comma 000​) What is the effect of dropping football helmets line on the operating income of the​ company? (Assume that fixed costs remain unchanged and that there would be no adverse effect on other​ sales.)
A.Operating income will increase by​ $40,000.B.Operating income will increase by​ $90,000.C.Operating income will decrease by​ $60,000.D.Operating income will decrease by​ $350,000.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is C.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Football Helmets

Sales revenue $ 340,000

Variable costs ​(280,000​)

Contribution margin $ 60,000

Fixed costs ​(110,000​)

Operating income​ (loss) ​$(50,000​)

Effect on income=  fixed costs - operating income= -110,000 + 50,000= - 60,000

Final answer:

The effect of dropping the football helmets line on the operating income of Armor Sports, Inc. would result in a decrease of $50,000.

Explanation:

The effect of dropping the football helmets line on the operating income of Armor Sports, Inc. can be found by examining the contribution margin and fixed costs associated with the football helmets line. From the income statement data, we can see that the contribution margin for football helmets is $60,000 and the fixed costs for this line is $110,000. Therefore, if the football helmets line is dropped, the operating income will decrease by $50,000 (the difference between the contribution margin and the fixed costs).

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When investing for a long term, investors care about the volatility of ________ returns and not
the volatility of ________ returns.
A) average, cumulative
B) cumulative, average
C) mean, cumulative
D) mean, average

Answers

Answer:

B) cumulative, average

Explanation:

Cumulative return is the total return that the investment has earned; the average return has to do with the average return of investment that has accrued to the investment within a specified period.

Activity Cost Pool Total Cost Total Activity Activity Rate Machine setups $ 20,000 200 setups $ 100 per setup Special processing $ 150,000 10,000 MHs $ 15 per machine-hour General factory $ 200,000 20,000 direct labour-hours $ 10 per direct labour-hour Total overhead costs $ 370,000 What is the total overhead cost assigned to Product A, if Product A used 100 setups, no special processing and 10,000 direct labor-hours? $10,000 $1,000 $110,000 $100,000

Answers

Answer:

total overhead cost = $110,000

so correct option is c.  $110,000

Explanation:

given data

used = 100 setups

direct labor-hours = 1000

to find out

What is the total overhead cost assigned to Product A

solution

we get total overhead cost that is express as

total overhead cost = [ $100 per machine setup × 100 setups ] + [ $15 per machine-hours × 0 special processing ] + [ 10 per direct labor-hour × 10,000 direct labor-hours ]    

so

total overhead cost = $10,000 + $0 + $100,000

total overhead cost = $110,000

so correct option is c.  $110,000

Final answer:

The total overhead cost assigned to Product A is $110,000, calculated by adding the cost of machine setups ($10,000) and the cost of direct labor hours ($100,000). There was no special processing cost for Product A.

Explanation:

To calculate the total overhead cost assigned to Product A, we apply the activity rates to the actual levels of activity that Product A used. For machine setups, we have an activity rate of $100 per setup and Product A used 100 setups, resulting in a cost of $10,000 for machine setups (100 setups  imes $100/setup = $10,000). There was no special processing, so this cost is $0. For direct labor-hours, the rate is $10 per direct labor-hour and Product A used 10,000 direct labor-hours, giving us a cost of $100,000 for direct labor-hours (10,000 direct labor-hours  imes $10/direct labor-hour = $100,000). Adding these costs together, the total overhead cost assigned to Product A is $110,000 ($10,000 from setups + $100,000 from labor).

Lattimer Company had the following results of operations for the past year: Sales (15,000 units at $12.25) $183,750 Variable manufacturing costs $101,250 Fixed manufacturing costs 24,750 Selling and administrative expenses (all fixed) 39,750 (165,750) Operating income $18,000 A foreign company whose sales will not affect Lattimer's market offers to buy 5,500 units at $8.00 per unit. In addition to existing costs, selling these units would add a $0.30 selling cost for export fees. If Lattimer accepts this additional business, the special order will yield a:
a. $3,850 loss.
b. $6,875 profit.
c. $2,200 loss.
d. $5,225 profit.
e. $9,350 loss.

Answers

Final answer:

The special order from the foreign company will yield a profit of $5,225 after all variable costs are accounted for. This is found by subtracting the additional costs of manufacturing and export fees from the revenue from the order.

Explanation:

To calculate the income or loss from the additional business, we need to look at the additional revenue it will bring and the additional costs linked to it. The revenue from the foreign company's order will be 5,500 units * $8.00/unit = $44,000. The additional variable manufacturing cost for the 5,500 units can be calculated by multiplying the cost per unit (Variable manufacturing costs $101,250 / 15,000 units = $6.75 per unit) by 5,500 units, yielding $37,125. The additional selling cost for export fees is $0.30/unit * 5,500 units = $1,650. The total cost of the special order, therefore, is $37,125 + $1,650 = $38,775. So subtracting the total cost from the total income, we find that the special order will yield a profit of $44,000 - $38,775 = $5,225. Thus, the correct answer is d. $5,225 profit.

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Marriott Rewards customers earn points whenever they stay at any Marriott property. Louis is in this program, and he travels quite a bit because he works in sales. He usually stays at a Courtyard by Marriott, and when he walks into the lobby, there is a sign by the desk welcoming him by name as well as other Marriott Rewards customers who might be staying there. This ongoing relationship between Louis and Marriott is an example of _____.

(A) Relationship marketing
(B) internal marketing
(C) personal marketing
(D) formal marketing
(E) Acquisition marketing

Answers

Answer: Option A      

                                       

Explanation: In simple words,  relationship marketing refers to the strategy under which an organisation tries several practices to foster positive relationship with the customers. These activities are designed to keep hearty relationships which will ultimately lead to strong and stable customer base.

In the given case, Marriott is rewarding their regular customers by providing them with special services and attention. Thus, we can conclude that the given case depicts relationship marketing.

Final answer:

The ongoing relationship between Louis and Marriott is an example of relationship marketing.

Explanation:

The relationship between Louis and Marriott, as described in the question, is an example of relationship marketing. Relationship marketing emphasizes building long-term customer relationships by providing personalized experiences and recognizing customer loyalty. In this case, Marriott is welcoming Louis by name and acknowledging his status as a Marriott Rewards member, which enhances his overall experience and fosters a strong relationship between Louis and Marriott.

Paccar Winch makes winch components for its different product lines. The firm operates its production facility 300 days per year. It has orders for about 12,000 winch components per year and has the capability of producing 100 per day. Setting up the winch production costs $50. The cost of each winch component is $1. The holding cost is $0.10 per winch component per year. a) What is the optimal size of the production run?

b) What is the average holding cost per year?

c) What is the average setup cost per year?

d) What is the total cost per year, including the cost of the winch components?

Answers

Answer:

Please see attachment

Explanation:

Please see attachment

The term "current financial resources" refers to
A. The government’s current assets and current liabilities.
B. Financial resources used to provide electricity to local citizens.
C. Assets that are available to be used for current expenditures.
D. Those assets that can quickly be converted into cash.
E. The current value of all net assets owned by the governmental unit.

Answers

Answer:C. Assets that are available to be used for current expenditures

Explanation:

The running of a firm will be affected no matter how much asset it has if there are no current financial resources to meet his immediate obligations, the availability of assets convertible to immediate cash to meet current or immediate obligations is called current financial resources.

Marginal revenue for a monopolist is computed as :

a. average revenue divided by quantity sold.

b. average revenue times quantity divided by price.

c. total revenue divided by quantity sold.

d. change in total revenue per one unit change in quantity sold.

Answers

Answer:

d. change in total revenue per one unit change in quantity sold.

Explanation:

A monopolist marginal revenue is change in total revenue per one unit change in quantity sold.

Average revenue is total revenue divided by quantity sold.

A monopolist is a firm that only exists in an industry.

I hope my answer helps you.

Consider the three transactions T1, T2, and T3, and the schedules S1 and S2 given below.

Draw the serializability (precedence) graphs for S1 and S2, and state whether each schedule is serializable or not.

If a schedule is serializable, write down the equivalent serial schedule(s).

T1: r1 (X); r1 (Z); w1 (X);

T2: r2 (Z); r2 (Y); w2 (Z); w2 (Y);

T3: r3 (X); r3 (Y); w3 (Y);

S1: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r1 (Z); r3 (X); r3 (Y); w1 (X); w3 (Y); r2 (Y); w2 (Z); w2 (Y);

S2: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r3 (X); r1 (Z); r2 (Y); r3 (Y); w1 (X); w2 (Z); w3 (Y); w2 (Y);

Answers

Answer

The answer and procedures of the exercise are attached in a microsoft excel document.  

Explanation  

Please consider the data provided by the exercise. If you have any question please write me back. All the exercises are solved in a single sheet with the formulas indications.  

Francisca and Garden Estate, Inc., enter into a contract for the use of a Victorian mansion and its grounds for a wedding and reception.

If ambiguities appear in the contract, they will be construed against the party who :

a. drafted the contract.

b. has the greater bargaining power.

c. made the offer to contract.

d. offers the most confusing explanation of the terms.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is letter A.

Explanation:

They will be construed agains the party who drafted the contract.  However, this rule only applies where one contracting party is in a superior  bargaining position, usually either as a result of greater experience or the assistance of counsel.

Jand, Inc., currently pays a dividend of $1.38, which is expected to grow indefinitely at 5%. If the current value of Jand’s shares based on the constant-growth dividend discount model is $35.41, what is the required rate of return? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Answers

Answer:

9.09%

Explanation:

Use Gordon growth model of stock valuation to find the required rate of return;

Price = D1/ (r-g)

this can also be written as [tex]\frac{D0(1+r)}{(r-g)}[/tex]

whereby,

Price = $35.41

D0 = Current dividend = 1.38

D1 = Next year's dividend = 1.38(1.05) = 1.449

g = growth rate = 5% or 0.05 as a decimal

r = required return = ?

Rewrite the formula "Price = D1/ (r-g) " to find r;

r = [tex]\frac{D1}{Price} +g[/tex]

r = [tex]\frac{1.449}{35.41} + 0.05\\ \\ =0.04092 +0.05\\ \\ =0.09092[/tex]

as a percentage, the required return = 9.09%

The required rate of return for Jand, Inc., using the constant-growth dividend discount model, is 8.89%. This is calculated by dividing the dividend of $1.38 by the current share price of $35.41 and adding the growth rate of 5%.

The student's question pertains to the calculation of the required rate of return using the constant-growth dividend discount model (DDM). The model uses the current dividend payment, the expected dividend growth rate, and the current stock price to determine the rate of return that investors would require to be willing to invest in the stock.

According to the DDM, the price of a share is calculated as:

Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)

Given that Jand, Inc., pays a dividend of $1.38, which is expected to grow indefinitely at 5%, and the current share price is $35.41, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the required rate of return:

Required Rate of Return = (Dividend / Price) + Growth Rate

To find the answer, plug in the values:

Required Rate of Return = (1.38 / 35.41) + 0.05

Required Rate of Return = 0.0389 + 0.05

Required Rate of Return = 0.0889 or 8.89% (rounded to two decimal places)

Two years ago Darryl put $3,000 into an account paying 3 percent interest. How much does he have in the account today? A. $3,180.00 B. $3,182.70 C. $3,183.62 D. None of the above are correct to the nearest cent.

Answers

Answer:

Amount in his account after 3 years will be $3182.7

So option (b) is correct answer

Explanation:

We have given time n = 2 years

Principal amount P = $3000

Rate of interest r = 3 %

We have to found the amount in his account after 2 year

We know that amount is given by

[tex]A=P(1+\frac{r}{100})^n[/tex]

So amount will be

[tex]A=3000\times (1+\frac{3}{100})^2=$3182.7[/tex]

So the amount in his account after 3 years will be $3182.7

So option (b) is correct option

Final answer:

After compounding 3 percent annual interest on the initial deposit of $3,000 over two years, Darryl will have a total of $3,182.70 in his account, which corresponds to option B in the given choices.

Explanation:

To answer the question, Darryl put $3,000 into an account paying 3 percent interest compounded annually two years ago. To find out how much he has now, we can use the formula for compound interest:

To answer the question, Darryl put $3,000 into an account paying 3 percent interest compounded annually two years ago. To find out how much he has now, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A is the amount of money accumulated after n years, including interest.

P is the principal amount (the initial amount of money).

r is the annual interest rate (decimal).

n is the number of times that interest is compounded per year.

t is the time the money is invested for in years.

Since the interest is compounded annually, n is 1.

Converting the interest rate to a decimal, we get r = 3/100 = 0.03.

Now, plug in the values:

A = 3000(1 + 0.03/1)^(1*2) = 3000(1 + 0.03)^2 = 3000(1.03)^2 = 3000 * 1.0609 = $3,182.70

Therefore, the correct answer is B. $3,182.70.

Two Harvard economists, Robert Barro and Rachel McCleary, have researched the role that ________________ plays in economic growth. a. meta-ideas b. religion c. human resource development d. technology

Answers

Human Resources development i think

: On 1/1/X1, Wolfpack Inc. issues 3-year bonds with a face value of $50,000 and a face (stated) rate of 4% compounded semi-annually. The market interest rate for bonds of similar risk and maturity is 5% compounded semi-annually. Interest is paid semi-annually on June 30 and December 31 beginning on June 30, 20X1. The bonds mature on 12/31/X3. A. What is the issue price of the bonds on 1/1/X1? Note to student: If you have trouble answering this question, go to the last page of this graded assignment where you will be asked a series of questions that, if answered correctly, should lead you to the correct answer. Answer: $__

Answers

Answer:

The issue price of the bond on 1/1/X1 is: $48,623.

Explanation:

We discounted the cash flow from the bond, comprising of the coupon stream and the principal repayment, at market return rate applied to other bond with similar risk and maturity to come up with the issue price of the bond.

We have: r = 5/2 = 2.5%; Semi-annual payment = 50,000 x 4%/2 = 1,000; n = 3 x 2 = 6

Thus Issue price = Present value of coupon stream + Present value of principal repayment =  (1,000 / 2.5%) x [ 1 - (1+2.5%)^-6 ] + (50,000/1.025^-6) = $48,623.

On January 1, 20X1, the Holloran Corporation purchased a machine at a cost of $55,000. The machine was expected to have a service life of 10 years and a $5,000 residual value. The straight-line depreciation method was used. In 20X3, the company switched to the double-declining-balance depreciation method. Depreciation for 20X3 should be:Multiple Choice$12,750$10,000$11,250$8,500

Answers

Answer:

The answer is $11250

Explanation:

Depreciation is used to depict the loss of value in an asset once it has been purchased. In this case, the machine's value at the end of 20X1 is $55000 less the depreciated amount. There are many methods of calculating depreciation. Holloran uses straight line for 20X1 and 20X2 then changes to the double declining method in 20X3.

To compute depreciation using the straight line method:

(Cost of asset - residual value)/duration of use

Accumulated depreciation for 20X1 and 20X2 is: (($55000-$5000)/10) * 2 =$ 10,000

To compute depreciation using the double declining method:

2 * depreciation rate * Book value (cost of asset less depreciation) at the beginning of the period.

At the beginning of 20X3, the book value of the machine is $45,000 ($55,000 - $10,000) and the remaining useful life is 8 years, therefore the depreciation rate = (100/8) = 12.5%.

To calculate depreciation for 20X3 on the double declining method: 2*12.5%*$45000 = $11,250

Use the data set WAGE2.dta to estimate the following model: log (wage) = β0 + β1educ + β2exper + β3tenure + β4married + β5south + β6urban + β7black + β8IQ + u (a) Use the variable KWW (the "knowledge of the world of work" test score) as a proxy for ability in place of IQ. What is the estimated return to education in this case? (b) Now, use IQ and KWW together as proxy variables. What happens to the estimated return to education? (c) In part (b), are IQ and KWW individuall significant? Are they jointly significant?

Answers

Answer

The answer and procedures of the exercise are attached in the following archives.

Explanation  

You will find the procedures, formulas or necessary explanations in the archive attached below. If you have any question ask and I will aclare your doubts kindly.  

For which capital component must you make a tax adjustment when calculating a firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?
a. Debt
b. Equity
c. Preferred stock
Omni Consumer Products Company (OCP) can borrow funds at an interest rate of 12.50% for a period of seven years. Its marginal federal-plus-state tax rate is 30%. OCP’s after-tax cost of debt is (rounded to two decimal places).
At the present time, Omni Consumer Products Company (OCP) has 20-year noncallable bonds with a face value of $1,000 that are outstanding. These bonds have a current market price of $1,382.73 per bond, carry a coupon rate of 13%, and distribute annual coupon payments. The company incurs a federal-plus-state tax rate of 30%. If OCP wants to issue new debt, what would be a reasonable estimate for its after-tax cost of debt (rounded to two decimal places)? (Note: Round your YTM rate to two decimal place.)

Answers

Answer:

1. Debt

2. 8.75%

3. 8.85%

4. 6.195%

Explanation:

For computing the tax adjustment, the Debt capital component is taken

The normal formula to compute WACC is shown below:

= Weightage of debt × cost of debt × ( 1- tax rate) + (Weightage of preferred stock) × (cost of preferred stock) + (Weightage of  common stock) × (cost of common stock)

The computation of the pre-tax cost of debt and after-tax cost of debt is shown below:

1. The after tax cost of debt would be

= Pretax cost of debt × ( 1 - tax rate)

= 12.50% × ( 1 - 0.30)

= 8.75%

The NPER represents the time period.  

Given that,  

Present value = $1,382.73

Assuming figure - Future value or Face value = $1,000  

PMT = 1,000 × 13%  = $130

NPER = 20 years

The formula is shown below:  

= Rate(NPER;PMT;-PV;FV;type)  

The present value come in negative  

So, after solving this,  

3. The pretax cost of debt is 8.85%

4. And, the after tax cost of debt would be

= Pretax cost of debt × ( 1 - tax rate)

= 8.85% × ( 1 - 0.30)

= 6.195%

Final answer:

When calculating a firm's WACC, a tax adjustment is made for the debt component. The after-tax cost of debt is calculated by multiplying the pre-tax cost of debt by one minus the marginal tax rate. Omni Consumer Products Company's after-tax cost of debt is 8.75% based on an interest rate of 12.50% and a tax rate of 30%. The YTM rate on OCP's existing bonds would be a reasonable estimate for its after-tax cost of debt if they want to issue new debt.

Explanation:

When calculating a firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC), you need to make a tax adjustment for debt component. The cost of debt is adjusted for taxes because interest payments made on debt are tax-deductible. To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, you need to multiply the pre-tax cost of debt by one minus the marginal tax rate.

In the case of Omni Consumer Products Company (OCP), they can borrow funds at an interest rate of 12.50%. To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, you would multiply 12.50% by (1 - 30%) = 0.7 to get 8.75% as the after-tax cost of debt for OCP.

If OCP wants to issue new debt, a reasonable estimate for its after-tax cost of debt would be the yield to maturity (YTM) rate on its existing bonds. The YTM rate is the rate of return anticipated on a bond if it is held until maturity and takes into account the bond's current market price, coupon rate, and time to maturity. So, the YTM rate on OCP's existing bonds would be a reasonable estimate for its after-tax cost of debt.

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Suppose the price level reflects the number of dollars needed to buy a basket of goods containing one can of soda, one bag of chips, and one comic book. In year one, the basket costs $10.00. In year two, the price of the same basket is $9.00. From year one to year two, there is at an annual rate of . In year one, $50.00 will buy baskets, and in year two, $50.00 will buy baskets. This example illustrates that, as the price level falls, the value of money .

Answers

Answer:

price level fall and value of money is rises

Explanation:

given data

one year basket costs =  $10.00

two year two basket costs =  $9.00

one year buy baskets = $50

year two,buy baskets = $50

to find out

as the price level falls, the value of money  will be

solution

we see that when we compare to 1 year price go down from $10 to $ 9

so deflation at annual rate is [tex]\frac{10-9}{10}[/tex] = 10%

so here

sum of $50 will be buy here = [tex]\frac{50}{10}[/tex] = $5 in one year

and $ 50 buy in 2 year is = [tex]\frac{50}{9}[/tex] = $5.56 in two year

so this is show here that price level fall and value of money is rises

Final answer:

The price level reflects the number of dollars needed to buy a basket of goods, and as the price level falls, the value of money increases.

Explanation:

The price level reflects the number of dollars needed to buy a basket of goods. In year one, the basket costs $10.00, and in year two, the price is $9.00. From year one to year two, there is an annual rate of inflation of 10%. This example illustrates that as the price level falls, the value of money increases.

Fame Company manufactures engines. Fame produces all the parts necessary for its engines, except for one electronic component, which is purchased from two local suppliers: Hydra International and Parable Company. Both suppliers are reliable and rarely deliver late. Hydra sells the component for $12.00 per unit, while Parable sells the same component for $10.00. Fame purchases 80% of its components from Parable because of the lower price it offers. The total annual demand is 95,000 units.

I. Activity Data
Activity Cost
Inspecting components (sampling only) $ 210,000
Reworking products (due to failed component) $2,454,000
Warranty work (due to failed component) $1,923,000


II. Supplier Data
Hydra Parable
International Company
Unit purchase price $12.00 $10.00
Units purchased 19,000 76,000
Sampling hours 60 2,600
Rework hours 150 3,800
Warranty hours 550 7,000

Suppose that Fame loses $3,500,000 in sales per year because of its reputation for defective units attributable to failed components. Using warranty hours, assign the proportional cost of lost sales to Parable Company. What is the increase in the cost per component? (Note: Round the lost sales per warranty hour and the cost of the component to two decimal places.)

Answers

The increase in the cost per component attributable to Parable Company is approximately $42.82.

To find the increase in the cost per component attributable to Parable Company, we'll follow these steps:

Determine the lost sales per warranty hour.

Calculate the proportional cost of lost sales for Parable Company.

Divide the proportional cost by the units purchased from Parable to find the increase in the cost per component.

Let's proceed with the calculations:

Step 1: Lost Sales per Warranty Hour

Lost Sales per Warranty Hour = [tex]\frac{Total \:Lost \:Sales}{Total \:Warranty\: Hours}[/tex]

Lost Sales per Warranty Hour = [tex]\frac{\$ 3,500,000}{550+7,000}[/tex]

Lost Sales per Warranty Hour [tex]\approx \frac{\$ 3,500,000}{7,550}[/tex] ≈ $463.58

Step 2: Proportional Cost of Lost Sales for Parable Company

Proportional Cost for Parable = Lost Sales per Warranty Hour × Warranty Hours for Parable

Proportional Cost for Parable ≈ $463.58 × 7,000

Proportional Cost for Parable ≈ $3,254,060

Step 3: Increase in Cost per Component for Parable Company

Increase in Cost per Component for Parable = [tex]\frac{\text { Proportional Cost for Parable }}{\text { Units Purchased from Parable }}[/tex]

Increase in Cost per Component for Parable [tex]\frac{\$ 3,254,060}{76,000}[/tex]

Increase in Cost per Component for Parable ≈ $42.82

Final answer:

To allocate the cost of lost sales to Parable Company based on warranty hours, we divide the total lost sales by the total warranty hours to find a per hour cost, then multiply this by Parable's warranty hours. The new cost per component from Parable is found by adding this cost to their original purchase price, resulting in a new cost of $52.70 per component.

Explanation:

The proportional cost of lost sales to Parable Company is calculated using the warranty hours. First, we determine the lost sales per warranty hour by dividing the total lost sales by the total warranty hours. Then, we assign this cost to Parable based on their share of warranty hours. Finally, we calculate the increase in cost per component for Parable by adding the proportional lost sales cost to their purchase price.

Lets calculate the lost sales per warranty hour:

Total lost sales = $3,500,000Total warranty hours = Hydra (550) + Parable (7,000) = 7,550 hoursLost sales per warranty hour = Total lost sales / Total warranty hoursLost sales per warranty hour = $3,500,000 / 7,550Lost sales per warranty hour = $463.58 (rounded to two decimal places)

Now, lets assign this cost to Parable:

Parable warranty hours = 7,000Assigned lost sales cost to Parable = Lost sales per warranty hour * Parable's warranty hoursAssigned lost sales cost to Parable = $463.58 * 7,000Assigned lost sales cost to Parable = $3,245,060

Finally, we calculate the increase in cost per component for Parable. This is done by dividing the assigned lost sales cost to Parable by the total units purchased from Parable:

Units purchased from Parable = 76,000Increased cost per component due to lost sales = Assigned lost sales cost to Parable / Units purchased from ParableIncreased cost per component due to lost sales = $3,245,060 / 76,000Increased cost per component due to lost sales = $42.70 (rounded to two decimal places)

The new cost per component from Parable, including the assigned lost sales cost, would be the sum of the original purchase price and the increased cost per component:

New cost per component from Parable = Original purchase price + Increased cost per componentNew cost per component from Parable = $10.00 + $42.70New cost per component from Parable = $52.70 (rounded to two decimal places)

13. Roy, the owner of Standard Business Company (SBC), sells SBC to Tim for a note payable to Roy for $100,000. Tim does not pay the note and files for bankruptcy under Chapter 7. The debt represented by the note is b. dischargeable if $100,000 now seems to be a high price for SBC. d. dischargeable under any circumstances. a. not dischargeable if Tim concealed assets to defraud Roy. c. not dischargeable under any circumstances.

Answers

Answer:not dischargeable if Tim concealed asset to defraud Roy

Explanation:

A bankruptcy is a legal means for a debtor used by the court to relieve him of his debts obligations when he his unable to fulfill it's debt obligations payment.

However finding out that the value of a contract initial agreed was overpriced will not make the debt dischargeable nor dischargeable in any circumstances unless it's proven that the debtors is unable to pay his debt.

The debt will equally not be dischargeable if it's found that the debtors has concealed items to defraud the creditor and it's equally dischargeable in some circumstances particularly when the debtors is unable to pay.

Lacy Construction has a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan. At December 31, 2016, Lacy received the following information:Projected Benefit Obligation ($ in millions) Balance, January 1 $ 360 Service cost 60 Prior service cost 12 Interest cost(7.5%) 27 Benefits paid (37 ) Balance, December 31 $ 422 Plan Assets ($ in millions) Balance, January 1 $ 240 Actual return on plan assets 27 Contributions 2016 60 Benefits paid (37 ) Balance, December 31 $ 290 The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was 10%. There were no AOCI balances related to pensions on January 1, 2016. At the end of 2016, Lacy amended the pension formula creating a prior service cost of $12 million.Required:1. Determine Lacy's pension expense for 2016.Pension Expense :

Answers

Answer:

$63

Explanation:

Lacy's pension expense for 2016:

= Service cost + Interest cost - Expected return on the plan assets + Amortization of prior service cost + Amortization of net gain or net loss—AOCI

= $60 + $27 - ($27 actual - $3 gain) + $0 + $0

=  $60 + $27 - $24

= $63

Note:  

Since the amendment was at the end of the year, there is no amortization of prior service cost in 2016.

Hank owns a gym called Ultimate Fitness. During the past year, Hank sold his facility to purchase a larger building with a parking lot. He received sales proceeds of $125,000 from the buyer. He paid a sales commission to his broker of $6,500. The building had an original cost of $105,500 and had accumulated depreciation for tax purposes of $15,825. What is Hank's realized gain or loss on the sale? Gain of $118,5

Answers

Answer:

$28,825 gain

Explanation:

For computing the gain or loss, first, we have to determine the  book value of an asset   which is shown below:

= Original value of the building - accumulated depreciation  

= $105,500 - $15,825

= $89,675

So, the gain would be

= Sale value - sales commission - book value

= $125,000 - $6,500 - $89,675

= $28,825 gain

Reece Corporation is considering the purchase of a machine that would cost $24,388 and would have a useful life of 6 years. The machine would generate $5600 of net annual cash inflows per year for each of the 6 years of its life. The internal rate of return on the machine would be closest to:

Answers

Answer:

10%

Explanation:

IRR is the rate at which the net present value of a project is equal to zero. Using a financial calculator, use the following inputs and the CF function to find IRR;

The cost of the machine is the initial investment ; CF0 = -$24,388

Net cashflow year 1; C01 = 5,600

Net cashflow year 2; C02 = 5,600

Net cashflow year 3; C03 = 5,600

Net cashflow year 4; C04 = 5,600

Net cashflow year 5; C05 = 5,600

Net cashflow year 6; C06 = 5,600

then key in CPT IRR = 10.00%

Therefore, the internal rate of return is closest to 10%

You have been hired as the new controller for the Ralston Company. Shortly after joining the company in 2018, you discover the following errors related to the 2016 and 2017 financial statements: Inventory at 12/31/16 was understated by $6,800. Inventory at 12/31/17 was overstated by $9,800. On 12/31/17, inventory was purchased for $3,800. The company did not record the purchase until the inventory was paid for early in 2018. At that time, the purchase was recorded by a debit to purchases and a credit to cash. The company uses a periodic inventory system. Required: 1. Assuming that the errors were discovered after the 2017 financial statements were issued, analyze the effect of the errors on 2017 and 2016 cost of goods sold, net income, and retained earnings. (Ignore income taxes.) 2. Prepare a journal entry to correct the errors.

Answers

Final answer:

Inventory understatement in 2016 led to overstated COGS and understated net income and retained earnings. The opposite effect occurred in 2017 due to inventory overstatement and delay in recording a purchase. A journal entry in 2018 correcting these errors would debit Inventory and credit COGS/Purchases for the respective amounts.

Explanation:

In 2016, an understatement of $6,800 in the inventory would have caused the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) to be overstated and thus, the net income and retained earnings would have been understated. In 2017, the overstatement of $9,800 in inventory and the delay in recording the inventory purchase of $3,800 would have caused COGS to be understated and net income and retained earnings to be overstated. An understated COGS value will make the profit look higher than it actually is. To correct these errors a journal entry in 2018, would debit Inventory for $6,800 and $3,800 and credit COGS and Purchases respectively. Similarly, for the overstatement, a debit to COGS and a credit to Inventory for $9,800.

Learn more about Financial Statement Errors here:

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Maquiladoras are
a. ​import-export agents of the Mexican government.
b. ​production facilities in north-central Mexican states.
c. ​freight forwarders from Mexico.
d. ​exchange controls from central banks in Latin American countries.
e. ​global marketing programs established in Latin American countries.

Answers

Answer: b. ​production facilities in north-central Mexican states.

Explanation: A maquiladora is a company located in the north of Mexico, which usually imports the products with tax facilities, performs a manufacturing process and then exports the products to which they belong again, this figure is used to reduce production costs. Example: A textile company, manufactures the products outside the country and then the finished product returns to the origin.

ABC Inc. recently hired your consulting firm to improve the company's performance. It has been highly profitable but has been experiencing cash shortages due to its high growth rate. As one part of your analysis, you want to determine the firm's cash conversion cycle. Using the following information and a 365-day year, what is the firm's present cash conversion cycle?
Average inventoy= 75,000
Annual sales= 600,000
Annual cost of goods sold= 360,000
Average accounts receivable= 160,000
Average accounts payable= 25,000

Answers

Answer:

CCC - Cash Conversion Cycle   148,03  Days

Explanation:

The Cash Conversion Cycle it's the sum of "Days of Inventory Outstanding".

"Days Sales Outstanding" and "Days Payables Outstanding"

CCC - Cash Conversion Cycle : 76,04 + 97,33 + 25,35 = 148,03

Days of Inventory Outstanding

It's calculated by dividing Average Inventory by Cost of Goods,

and that result multiplied by 365

Days Sales Outstanding

It's calculated by dividing Accounts Receivable by Sales,

and that result multiplied by 365

Days Payables Outstanding

It's calculated by dividing Accounts Payables by Cost of Goods,

and that result multiplied by 365

CCC - Cash Conversion Cycle   148  

DIO - Days of Inventory Outstanding  76,04   = 75,000/360,000*365

Average Inventory  75,000  

Cost Of Goods  360,000  

DSO - Days Sales Outstanding  97,33  = $160,000/$600,000*365

Accounts Receivable  160,000  

Sales  600,000  

DPO - Days Payables Outstanding  25,35 = $25,000/$360,000*365

Accounts Payables  25,000  

Cost Of Goods  360,000  

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