Suppose the federal government is considering an air quality policy initiative that would effectively increase abatement (A) of ozone from 10 percent to 20 percent and that the marginal social benefit (MSB) of ozone abatement in millions of dollars has been estimated as MSB = 120 − 2.5A. Determine the dollar value of incremental benefits associated with this initiative.

Answer: Lower quality

Explanation: U.S auto industry comes under the oligopoly market structure with small number of sellers operating at very large scale. In an oligopoly market structure, the firms in the industry compete on the basis of advertising, product differentiation etc. and not on price.

If US auto manufacturers do so, buyers will surely assume that the quality of product offered is lower than others.

Answer:

If the rate is 4%: 70/4 = 17.5 years - about 18 years

Explanation:

The rule of seventy allows you to determine how long the amount invested will double. For this, just divide 70 by the annual rate of return. The rule of seventy can be applied intuitively for the calculation of other growth rates, such as a country's GDP.

The calculation is simple, just divide 70 by the value of the growth rate.

If the rate is 4%: 70/4 = 17.5 years - about 18 years

If the rate is 5%: 70/5 = 14 years

If the rate is 6%: 70/6 = 11.6 years - about 12 years

Using the rule of 70, we can determine the number of years it will take for the economy to double at different growth rates.

To determine the number of years it will take for an economy to double at different growth rates, we can use the rule of 70. The rule of 70 states that the doubling time of a variable is approximately equal to 70 divided by the growth rate. Therefore, for a 4% growth rate, it will take approximately 17 years for the economy to double (70 / 4 = 17.5). For a 5% growth rate, it will take approximately 14 years (70 / 5 = 14). And for a 6% growth rate, it will take approximately 12 years (70 / 6 = 11.67).

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Answer: This can be explained as follows:-

Explanation: MCdonalds change in menus and adding more healthy choices does brings change in the traditional value chain of the company.

In traditional times company was mainly focused towards the taste of the product and  to make the service as fast and as efficient as possible but now the company is taking care of the health of its customers. Company wants to attract new customer base of health conscious people. In traditional times company's aim was to make quick service to get the tables ready every time a customer walks in but today company wants to make the restaurant a place where people can sit and enjoy their meal for a while and company is taking help of technology in this.

Answer:

cerngscfhdugesh sorry was cleaning keyboard

Explanation:

Answer: d. various combinations of college majors, work units, subcontractors, and industry partners.

Explanation: Managing complex projects often involves the use of multidisciplinary teams (MTs) including personnel from various combinations of college majors, work units, subcontractors, and industry partners. Managing a complex project is a work of coordination of all these teams of the project to achieve the goals. The project manager is in charge of project coordination.

This answer provides an understanding of how multidisciplinary teams (MTs) are used to manage complex projects, explaining their importance in today's rapidly changing workplace landscape. It emphasizes the diversity found in these teams and the varied types of teams seen in the business world.

Managing complex projects involve the use of multidisciplinary teams (MTs), which can encompass members with unique skill sets from different college majors, different organizations including subcontractors, various units within the same organization, and combinations of these elements. This practice has increased in popularity due to shifts in technology, economics, globalization, foreign competition, and varying workplace demographics, necessitating a responsive and adaptable organizational structure.

Modern businesses significantly benefit from task division amongst diverse team members, just like in a restaurant where jobs of varying complexities are divided into roles like top chef, sous chefs, kitchen help, servers, greeters, janitors, and business managers. Similarly, larger, complex organizations such as hospitals or manufacturing factories can have hundreds of distinct job classifications.

Teams are categorized into three primary types: problem resolution teams, creative teams, and tactical teams. However, studies are also being conducted on the effectiveness and functionality of virtual teams, especially with the increasing globalization of organizations and the incremental reliance on digital communication.

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Answer:

1. Break even points in units will be =  2,700 units

2. Break-even point in dollar sales = $56,700

3. In case fixed expense increase by $600 then Break even point in unit sales = 2,900 units

Explanation:

Break even point = [tex]\frac{Fixed Cost}{Contribution per unit}[/tex]

Fixed Cost = $8,100

Contribution per unit = Sale Price - Variable Cost = $21 - $18 = $3

1. Break even points in units will be

= [tex]\frac{8,100}{3} = 2,700 units.[/tex]

2. Break-even point in dollar sales

= Break even point in units X Sale price per unit

= 2,700 units X $21 = $56,700

3. In case fixed expense increase by $600 then Break even point in unit sales

= [tex]\frac{8,100 + 600}{3}[/tex] = 2,900 units

Final Answer

1. Break even points in units will be =  2,700 units

2. Break-even point in dollar sales = $56,700

3. In case fixed expense increase by $600 then Break even point in unit sales = 2,900 units

To calculate the break-even point in units and dollars for Mauro Products, one can use the formulas considering fixed costs, selling price, and variable cost per unit. For Doggies Paradise Inc., a table reflecting the relation between total revenue, marginal revenue, total cost, and marginal cost is created to determine the profit-maximizing quantity where MR equals MC.

The student's question involves calculating the break-even point in unit and dollar sales for Mauro Products, and analyzing the impact of increased fixed expenses on this break-even point. Furthermore, the student seeks assistance with understanding profit maximization in the context of Doggies Paradise Inc. and WipeOut Ski Company, using concepts such as total revenue, marginal revenue, total cost, and marginal cost.

Profit maximization occurs where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). To find this, we need a table of output levels 1 to 5, calculating total revenue (number of units * selling price), marginal revenue (change in total revenue / change in quantity), total cost (fixed cost + total variable cost), and marginal cost (change in total cost / change in quantity). For Doggies Paradise Inc., the total revenue at each output level is $72, $144, $216, $288, and $360 respectively, since each coat sells for $72. The marginal revenue is constant at each level ($72) due to the nature of a perfectly competitive market. Total cost at each output level is the fixed cost ($100) added to the corresponding total variable cost, and the marginal cost can be calculated for each incremental unit. The profit-maximizing quantity is where MR equals MC, before MC starts to exceed MR.

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Answer:

The amount of gain that Li will have is $0 and the resulting basis of land is $60,000.

Explanation:

To take out the resulting basis of land and gain or loss , we need to know what happens in this situation of liquidating distribution. Under this liquidating distribution , the gain will only be recognized when the cash receipts that Li will receive are more than than the outside basis.

Here Li is also receiving other assets along with the cash , so the remaining balance ( which we will get by subtracting cash receipts from the Li outside basis before distribution ) will be adjusted against these assets.

Li outside basis = $85,000

(-) cash received = $20,000

(-) hot assets       = $5,000

Balance left to be adjusted against assets = $60,000

Here there is no gain for Li since cash receipts are not more than than outside basis and the resulting basis in land is $60,000.

Answer:

They have increased the importance of production economies of scale.

Explanation:

Flexible production allows the manufacture of different types of products in the same industrial production line. This makes companies lower costs by avoiding tool change, time savings, and industry structure.

This type of economy fits into the description of economies of scale. Economies of scale are those where the increase in production results in a decrease in the average cost of the product. Increasing production - by including more products on the production line - without a proportional increase in the factory's installed capacity leads to a reduction in the average cost of production, ie it is an economy of scale.

Answer:

Dep expense 428,796

    Acc Depp Machine 23,268

    Acc dep deposit 405,528

Explanation:

213,5000 machine used in the ore deposit, so it will depreciate at the same rate.

3,721,000 ore deposit

166,200/1,525,000 = 0.108983606

213,500 x 0.108983606 = 23,268

3,721,000 x 0.108983606 = 405,528

Answer:

Ending Inventory $1,523

COGS  $4,227

Explanation:

PURCHASES  

DATE QUANTY PRICE SUBTOTAL

Beginning 10  $52   $520.00

1st 19  $50   $950.00

2nd 55  $59   $3,245.00

3rd 14  $63   $882.00

Because we sold at LIFO we record the latest units as COGS and the first untis at ending invenotry.

So we start from the first line until reach the 27 units

27 - 10 beginning = 17

we are short, so we move to next line

19 - 17 = 2 with this unit we cover the ending inventory, the diference is part of COGS and all the lines below are also COGS

COGS

2    units  at $50

55  units  at $59

14   units  at $63

Total 4,227

Ending Inventory

10 units at $52

17 units at $59

Total $1,523

Answer:

The investor valuation of a stock is $18.33

Explanation:

Gordon Growth model : The formula to compute investor valuation of stock is shown below:

= Dividend of year 1 ÷ (Required rate - growth rate)

where,

year 1 dividend = year 0 dividend × (1 + growth rate)

                         = $1 × (1 + 0.10)

                          =$1.10

Required rate of return = 16%

And, growth rate = 10%

Now apply the above formula which is equals to

= $1.10 ÷ (16% - 10%)

= $18.33

Hence, The investor valuation of a stock is $18.33

Final answer:

Using the Gordon growth model and given a last dividend of $1.00 with a 10% growth rate and a 16% required return, an investor would value the stock at $18.33.

Explanation:

According to the Gordon growth model (also known as the Dividend Discount Model), the value of a stock is calculated by dividing the next year's expected dividend by the difference between the investor's required rate of return and the dividend growth rate. In this case, since the last dividend was $1.00 and the dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 10 percent, the next expected dividend will be $1.00 multiplied by (1 + 10%), which equals $1.10. Given an investor's required return of 16 percent, the formula for the stock valuation would be:

Stock Value = Next Year's Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate) = $1.10 / (0.16 - 0.10) = $1.10 / 0.06 = $18.33.

Therefore, based on the Gordon growth model, an investor would value the stock at $18.33.

Answer: Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

Economists are generally using both the methods for calculating GDP because the combined estimates from both the methods provides a more appropriate measure of GDP.

For instance, there is an construction industry and for this industry all the costs incurred before the generation of income. So, expenditure method is more appropriate for this type of industry.

Alternatively, in the service sector income method is more appropriate than the expenditure method.

Answer:

the combined methods provide a more accurate measure of GDP.

Explanation:

Answer:

mixing WIP 10,000

packaging WIP 28,000

           raw materials inventory  38,000

mixing WIP 8,000

packaging WIP 36,000

           wages payable  44,000

mixing WIP 12,000

packaging WIP 54,000

          Factory overhead 66,000

packaging WIP 21,000

          mixing WIP 21,000

FInished Goods 106,000

       packaging WIP 106,000

Explanation:

the cost for each department are assignet

then we transfer from mising to packing

and finally from packaging to finished goods.

Final answer:

To account for costs and transfers within Kopa Company's manufacturing processes, journal entries meticulously itemize raw materials, factory labor, and overhead by department, leading to a clear, account-based representation of costs throughout production stages.

Explanation:

To journalize the assignment of costs to the Mixing and Packaging processes and to account for the transfer of units in Kopa Company, we need to create journal entries that reflect the movement of costs through the manufacturing processes. The incurred costs include raw materials, factory labor, and manufacturing overhead for both the Mixing and Packaging departments.

The journal entries would be as follows:

These entries ensure that costs are properly assigned to each process and that the cost of completed units is transferred to Finished Goods, ready for sale.

Answer: The presence of a financial intermediary would reduce the information costs that may have prevented the southerners from lending directly to the northerners in the past. This would promote economic growth.

Explanation: Information is key in modern societies.

The information costs that would have previously prohibited southerners from lending directly to northerners would be reduced by the establishment of a financial middleman. This would encourage economic expansion.

A real GDP expansion occurs when it takes two or more quarters to go from a low point to a high point. When the economy is stimulated, there is an increase in employment, which is followed by a rise in consumer confidence and discretionary expenditure.

The stage is additionally referred to as economic recovery. The term "business cycle" refers to a process that contains four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough.

It is common knowledge that the economy is thriving during an expansion. Low interest rates, which make borrowing money affordable, considerable corporate activity, as well as significant discretionary spending, are characteristics of a thriving economy.

When expansion reaches its pinnacle, a peak happens. When there is a significant amount of demand for a good, inflation happens, and prices start to rise. Consumer spending starts to decline over time, and macroeconomic indices stop rising.

Learn more about economic expansion, here

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Answer:

Cash received 1,782

Explanation:

Sales Revenue 2,800

Return Goods 1,000 (customer return goods for this amount)

Sales after return 1,800 (original value less returns)

payment is due within discount period.

The terms are 1% discount within the first 10 days The payment is done at July 24th. Which is the nineth day.

1% discount of 1,800 = 18

Cash receipts 1,800 sale - 18 discounts = 1,782

Answer:

1. Gain or loss on exchange = $4,200 (Loss)

Initial value of the new tractor = $32,300

2. In case the fair value of old tractor = $17,000

Gain or loss on exchange = $3,500 Gain

Initial value of the new tractor = $40,000

Explanation:

Note: When a transaction has commercial substance, it means it is marketable and can be sold at fair value provided, in that case book value of old asset to be sold is not considered for calculating initial cost of new asset.

Since the transaction has commercial substance

Fair value of the old tractor will be considered.

Cost of new tractor = Cash paid + Fair value of old tractor

= $23,000 + $9,300 = $32,300

1. Gain or loss on exchange = Exchange value of old tractor - Book value of old tractor

Exchange value of old tractor = Fair value of old tractor as transaction had commercial substance = $9,300

Gain or loss on exchange = $9,300 - $13,500 = -$4,200 (Loss)

Initial value of the new tractor = Cost of new tractor as computed above = $32,300

2. In case the fair value of old tractor = $17,000

Then

Gain or loss on exchange = Exchange value of old tractor - Book value of old tractor = $17,000 - $13,500 = $3,500 Gain

because exchange value of old tractor = Fair value of old tractor as transaction had commercial substance

Initial value of the new tractor = Cost of new tractor = $23,000 + $17,000 = $40,000

Final Answer is as follows:

1. Gain or loss on exchange = $4,200 (Loss)

Initial value of the new tractor = $32,300

2. In case the fair value of old tractor = $17,000

Gain or loss on exchange = $3,500 Gain

Initial value of the new tractor = $40,000

Kapono Farms would recognize a loss of $4,200 with the new tractor valued at $32,300 in the first scenario and a gain of $3,500 with the new tractor valued at $40,000 in the second scenario.

1. For the first scenario, Kapono Farms would recognize a loss on the exchange since the fair value of the old tractor ($9,300) is less than its book value ($13,500). The loss would be $4,200 ($13,500 - $9,300). The initial value of the new tractor would be the sum of the fair value of the old tractor and the additional cash paid, i.e. $9,300 + $23,000 = $32,300.

2. For the second scenario, where the fair value of the old tractor is deemed to be $17,000, Kapono Farms would recognize a gain on the exchange as the fair value exceeds the book value. The gain would be $3,500 ($17,000 - $13,500). The initial value of the new tractor would be the sum of the fair value of the old tractor and the additional cash paid, i.e. $17,000 + $23,000 = $40,000.

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Griffin Corporation can spend up to $24 per phone unit on variable costs to meet its projected profit goal of $150,000, considering fixed costs and the sales price of each unit.

To calculate how much Griffin Corporation can afford to spend on variable cost per unit, we need to determine the total available budget for production. Firstly, the total profit goal, including fixed costs, is $600,000 ($450,000 fixed costs + $150,000 desired profit). The sales revenue from 50,000 phones at $36 each would be $1,800,000. So, the difference between sales revenue and the total profit goal gives us the total budget available for variable costs, which is $1,200,000 ($1,800,000-$600,000). Finally, dividing the total variable cost budget by the total number of phones produced provides the maximum amount that can be spent on variable costs per unit. Therefore, Griffin can afford to spend $24 ($1,200,000÷50,000) per phone unit on variable costs.

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Griffin Corporation can afford to spend $24 per unit on variable costs to achieve a desired profit of $150,000, given their annual fixed costs and the sales price of the telephones.

Calculation

Formulating the Equation

We can use the contribution margin formula:

For Griffin to achieve its desired profit:

TR = TC + P

SP * Q = FC + (VC * Q) + P

$36 * 50,000 = $450,000 + (VC * 50,000) + $150,000

Simplifying:

$1,800,000 = $600,000 + (VC * 50,000)

Solving for VC

Subtracting the fixed cost and desired profit from total revenue:

$1,800,000 - $600,000 = VC * 50,000

$1,200,000 = VC * 50,000

VC = $1,200,000 / 50,000

VC = $24 per unit

Therefore, Griffin can afford to spend $24 on variable costs per unit to achieve the desired profit.

Answer: Option (A) is correct.

Explanation:

Each of the buyer and seller are small when we are relating it with the whole market. so, there will be no power in the hands of a single decision maker and if a firm wants to change their prices then it will not have any influence on the market price. In a competitive market, there are large number of buyers and sellers, thus, one buyer or seller doesn't have any impact on the market price.

Answer: A

Explanation:

It's a competitive market

Yes, a home equity loan can be risky because if payments are not made, the lender can foreclose. This risk was exacerbated by the securitization process, leading to reckless lending like subprime and NINJA loans.

The statement is true that a home equity loan can be a risky move for borrowers because the lender has the power to foreclose if you do not make payments. A major factor responsible for this is the securitization process. The process, initially intended to redistribute risk and make lending more fluid, lost its direction when banks, not bearing the brunt of bad loans, began to lend carelessly. In the midst of this reckless lending, loans with little borrower appraisal, like subprime loans and NINJA loans, proliferated. These are loans made without sufficient regard for the borrower's ability to repay. Consequently, they became part of the complex puzzle leading to the global financial crisis, affecting home ownership adversely.

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Answer: 16

Explanation: Average rate of change of C with respect to X is given as

= [tex]\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta X}[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{(C(102)-C(100))}{(X(102)-X(100))}[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{ 10132.2-10100}{102-100}[/tex]

= 32/2

= 16

Final answer:

The average rate of change of the cost function C(x) from x = 100 to x = 102 is $16.10.

Explanation:

The average rate of change of the cost function C(x) from x = 100 to x = 102 is the change in C divided by the change in x. We can calculate this by finding the values of C(102) and C(100) and then computing the difference between them.

To find C(102):
C(102) = [tex]9000 + 6(102) + 0.05(102)^2[/tex] = 9000 + 612 + 520.2 = 10132.2
To find C(100):
C(100) = [tex]9000 + 6(100) + 0.05(100)^2[/tex] = 9000 + 600 + 500 = 10100

Now, find the average rate of change:
Average rate of change = [tex]\frac{(C(102)-C(100))}{(102 - 100)}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{(10132.2 - 10100)}{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{32.2}{2}[/tex] = 16.1
Therefore, the average rate of change of C with respect to x when the production level is changed from x = 100 to x = 102 is $16.10.

Answer:

The correct answer would be Differentiation Strategy.

Explanation:

There are three generic strategies of Porter. One is Cost Leadership, other is Differentiation and the last one is Focus.

Among these strategies, Differentiation is the strategy which is used by the bank in this question. Differentiation is a strategy used by the companies to make them unique in the industry through some dimensions which are highly valued by the customers or clients of that company. For Example in this question, the bank provides the facility of transferring money in an account by just snapping a shot of check and depositing it into that account. This feature make them unique in the banking sector. So this is called the differentiation strategy.  

Answer:

Both Companies have an Account Receivable turnover of 7.00 (seven)

Explanation:

(for future question it would be better if you upload an image with the table this is quite confusing)

[tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-&Nike&Adidas\\sales&19887&10584\\B AR&2924&1736\\B all&80&120\\Net AR&2844&1616\\E AR&2948&1534\\E all&110&126\\Net AR&2838&1408\\\end{array}\right][/tex]

Account Receivable TurnOver Formula

[tex]\frac{net \: credit \: sales}{average \: account \: receivable} = AR \: TurnOver[/tex]

Where:

[tex]average \: AR = (beginning \: AR + ending \: AR) \div 2[/tex]

(2844+2838)/2 = 2841 Average Inventory

[tex]\frac{19887}{2841} = 7.00 \: AR \: turnOver[/tex]

(1616+1408)/2 = 1512 Average Inventory

[tex]\frac{10584}{1512} = 7.00 \: AR \: turnOver[/tex]

Answer: Cash to be distributed to  Harding = $ 17000,  Jones = $ 3000

Explanation:

It has been indicated that the ($9,000) deficit will be covered with a forthcoming contribution

∴ The Remaining Capital Balance is = (24000 + 24000) = $48000

∵Total cash Available = $20000

Loss = 48000 - 20000 =  $ 28000

Loss will be shared between Harding & Jones in ratio = 16:48

∴  Harding Capital balance = [tex]\frac{(24000 - 28000)\times16}{16+48}[/tex] = $ 17000

∴ Jones Capital balance =  [tex]\frac{(24000 - 28000)\times48}{16+48}[/tex] = $ 3000

Cash will be Distributed in their capital balance ratio

Therefore,

Cash to be distributed to  Harding = $ 17000,  Jones = $ 3000

Answer: Cash to be distributed to Harding = $17,000, Jones = $3,000

Explanation:

24,000+24,000+20,000=68,000

16%/(16%+48%)=25%

48%/(16%+48%)=75%

68,000*25%=17,000

68,000*75%=51,000

24,000+24,000=48,000

51,000-48,000=3,000

Answer:

The correct answer is generic branding strategy.

Explanation:

A generic brand is a kind of consumer product that doesn't have a widely recognized name.

Answer:

1.- revenue 142,000

  expenses  81,000

2.- revenue 155,000

    expenses 82,000

Explanation:

1) 135,000 cash proceed from services + 7000 prepaid services = revenue under cash basis accounting 142,000

beginning payable + incurred - ending= paid

7,000 + 82,000 - 8,000  =81,000

2) under accrual basis accounting it will count the earned services only,

and the incurred expenses for the period.

Answer:

The correct answer is option b.

Explanation:

The term Ceteris paribus is a Latin phrase which means holding other things constant.

Ceteris paribus in the law of demand means keeping other market constant, the demand for a commodity will change with change in the price.

The other market factors here are income, population, taste and preferences etc.

Final answer:

Ceteris paribus means 'other things being equal' and is used when analyzing how changes in one variable, like price, affect demand or supply, assuming all other factors are held constant. It is a fundamental economic principle for isolating the effects of one variable on another in economic analysis.

Explanation:

Ceteris paribus is a Latin phrase that translates to "other things equal" and is commonly used in economics to describe a situation where all other variables are held constant while analyzing the relationship between two specific variables. This concept is key when examining the effect that changes in price have on the demand or supply of a good or service. When we say demand will change when price changes ceteris paribus, we mean that demand will only change because of the price movement if other market factors remain constant (b).

In real-world economics, demand and supply are influenced by various factors such as consumer income, the price of other goods, and production costs. To rigorously understand the impact of price changes, economists assume a ceteris paribus condition where these other factors do not change. This approach allows economists to isolate the effect of the price change on demand or supply without interference from other variables.

If any factors other than the price were to change, such as a shift in consumer tastes or a technological advancement in production, the corresponding demand or supply schedule would need to be reassessed to reflect these changes. Thus, the ceteris paribus assumption is crucial for simplifying the complex relationships in economic analysis and is not indicative of short-term analysis nor does it apply when other variables, including supply, change.

Answer:

As the standard deviation increases from $1000 to $3000, this will cause the confidence interval to go more wider.

Explanation:

Confidence interval is a tool used by many statisticians to take out the estimate amount of uncertainty which is associated when a sample estimate is taken out of a population parameter.

Standard deviation is a tool which is used to measure the amount of variations and when this standard deviation increases this means that the amount variations also increases and thus the confidence interval will go more wider as standard deviation shifts from $1000 to $4000 as given in this case.

Answer:

C) the difference between an actual result and a budgeted performance.

Explanation:

A variance is the difference between an actual result and a budgeted performance.

A variance is the difference between an actual result and a budgeted performance.

Answer:

5

Explanation:

5?? okay I'm not sure here but if shes getting all 3 for 2 dollars a piece then she only spent $6 dollars. 5+4+2 is 11. 11-6 is 5

Final answer:

Kim's total consumer surplus for purchasing three ice cream sundaes is $5, calculated by summing up the savings on each sundae compared to what she was initially willing to pay.

Explanation:

If Kim is willing to pay $5 for her first ice cream sundae, $4 for a second, and $2 for a third, and she buys all three at $2 each, her consumer surplus is the total amount she saved compared to what she was willing to pay. For the first sundae, she saves $3 ($5 - $2), for the second she saves $2 ($4 - $2), and for the third, she saves nothing ($2 - $2) since it's the same as her willingness to pay. Therefore, Kim's total consumer surplus is $5 ($3 for the first sundae + $2 for the second).

Answer:

It will be after 462 months

Explanation:

We use the annuity formula for present value

[tex]C * \frac{1-(1+r)^{-time} }{rate} = PV\\[/tex]

We post our know values and start solving for time:

[tex]1000 * \frac{1-(1+0.005)^{-time} }{0.005} = 180,000[/tex]

First we clear the dividend:

[tex]1-(1+0.005)^{-time} = 180,000/1000\times 0.005[/tex]

Then we clear for the power

[tex](1.005)^{-time} = 1-0.9[/tex]

We set up the formula using logarithmic

[tex]log_{1.005}\: 0.1 = -time[/tex]

And use logarithmic properties to solve for time:

[tex]\frac{log\:0.1}{log\:1.005} = -time[/tex]

[tex]-461.6673541 = -time[/tex]

time 462 months

Answer: Since Net Present Value is negative i.e. -4724.

[tex]\therefore[/tex] Fox will not accept the project.

Explanation:

Net Present Value = Initial after- tax outlay + Cash inflows[tex]\times[/tex]PVIFA(11.25%,5)

= -170000 + 45000[tex]\times[/tex]PVIFA(11.25%,5)

= -170000 +45000[tex]\times[/tex]3.6728

= - 4724

Since Net Present Value is negative i.e. -4724.

[tex]\therefore[/tex] Fox will not accept the project.