The discovery, characterization, and the application of the CRISPR/CAS system has revolutionized the study of genetics and genetic engineering. Please select all correct answers regarding its mechanism of action and application. Multiple correct answers are possible, and partial credit will be given.
A. CRISPR sequences in bacteria resemble those from bacteriophage and plamid DNA.
B. For reverse genetics studies, CRISPR/CAS can be used to replace wildtype alleles with mutant alleles which can knockout the function of the target genes.
C. CRISPR is a DNA sequence in the bacterial chromosome.
D. The guide RNA directs CAS to specific DNA sequences.
E. The CRISPR/CAS system was discovered in bacteria, and its natural function is the equivalent of an immune system in bacteria for "remembering" viral infections and for attacking viral DNA in future infections.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A. CRISPR sequences in bacteria resemble those from bacteriophage and plasmid DNA. (The CRISPR sequences are derived from previously invading bacteriophages and pladmids.)

B. For reverse genetic studies, CRISPR /CAS can be used to replace wild type alleles with mutant alleles which can knock out the function of target genes. (CAS 9 introduces double strand break (DSB) in the target sequence which is then repaired by non homologous end joining (NHEJ). NHEJ causes deletion, insertion or frame shift mutation leading to knock out of the target genes.)

C. CRISPR is a bacterial sequence in the bacterial chromosome. ( The sequences are derived from bacteriophages that had infected the bacteria defore.)

D. The guide RNA guides CAS to specific DNA sequences. ( The guide RNA directs CAS nuclease to the target sequences for editing.)

E. The CRISPR/CAS system was discovered in bacteria, and it's natural function is the equivalent of an immune system in bacteria for remembering viral infections and for attacking viral DNA in future infections. (The CRISPR/CAS system provides acquired immunity to bacteria.)

Explanation:

see answer


Related Questions

Can anyone help me with this please

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: the organism is good at the function it serves in it's habitat

The interaction between DNA and histone proteins (forming nucleosomes) plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes and is a potential target mechanism in drug discovery. You are testing a drug which blocks the activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATS) in cancer cells. In general, what do you expect to happen with regards to chromatin structure and gene expression in cells treated with the drug? Please select the most correct answer.


A. The chromatin near cis-regulatory sequences will be more closed and there will be less transcription.
B. The chromatin near cis-regulatory sequences will be more open and there will be more transcription.
C. The chromatin near cis-regulatory sequences will be more open and there will be less transcription.
D.The chromatin near cis-regulatory sequences will be more closed and there will be more transcription.
E. There should be no effect on chromatin structure or gene transcription. HATs only function in the packaging of DNA prior to mitosis.

Answers

Answer:

A. The chromatin near cis-regulatory sequences will be more closed and there will be less transcription.

Explanation:

In the presence of histones, the cis-regulatory sequences of DNA like promoter, enhancers etc. are not exposed. The function of the histone acetyltransferases (HATS) is to cause chromosome decondensation i.e. removal of histones from the DNA so that transcription of the DNA could occur. Histone acetyltransferases (HATS) cause acetylation of lysine amino acid of the histone proteins. Acetyl group is negatively charged so the acetylation of histone proteins leads to the removal of their positive charge which ultimately leads to the decrease in the interaction between N terminal of histones and negatively charged phosphate group of the DNA molecule. As soon as histones are removed from the DNA where cis-regulatory sequences are located, the DNA becomes accessible for transcription.

But here a drug has been added which blocks the activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATS) in cancer cells. So it is quite evident that in these cells, histones will not get removed from the cis-regulatory sequences of DNA so the DNA will be more closer or tightly packed as a result of which  less transcription will occur.

Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles. Fossils indicate that they possessed dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are examples of:_______

Answers

Answer: Adaptations to a common environment and examples of convergent evolution.

Explanation:

Ichthyosaurs were the giant marine reptiles but it possess tails and dorsal fins though this is not a common character of reptiles. But the presence tails and dorsal fins states that it was an adaptation which was required at that time.

This giant reptile was an mixture of modern fish and dophins. It also had dorsal fin for swimming in water and has vertical tail which was used for the propulsive stroke. They were air breathing but had some part of their life in water as well like other reptiles.

Convergent evolution can be defined as the evolution of similar features in the species found at different period.

Some of the fishes like dolphins and other fishes shows convergent evolution to ichthyosaurs.

How can dna help scientists make the classification of similar organisms such as giant pandas and red pandas more accurate

Answers

DNA analysis helps scientists classify similar animals by the evidence of relatedness in general the more derived genetic characters to organisms share the more closely repeated they are...In other words “DNA helps scientists by comparing the similarities in each animal/person’s DNA.

Which of the following statements about bacterial growth is false? Group of answer choices Agar is used as a solidifying agent in some types of media A turbid culture is indicative of bacterial growth. Each bacterium plated will represent a colony-forming unit. Bacteria growing in a liquid culture will generate colonies.

Answers

Answer:

Bacteria growing in a liquid culture will generate colonies.

Explanation:

Final answer:

The false statement about bacterial growth is that bacteria growing in a liquid culture will generate colonies. Bacteria do not form colonies in a liquid culture, but rather grow dispersedly. They only form colonies when grown on a solid medium like agar.

Explanation:

The statement that is false about bacterial growth among the options provided is: 'Bacteria growing in a liquid culture will generate colonies'. This statement is incorrect because bacteria grow dispersedly in a liquid culture medium and do not form colonies. They only form colonies when grown on a solid medium such as agar. Agar is indeed used as a solidifying agent in some types of media, and a turbid, or clouded, culture is an indication of bacterial growth. Also, each bacterium plated in a solid medium will usually represent a colony-forming unit.


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Steps in protein synthesis Step order : initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit translocation small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA ribosomal subunits dissociate ribosome reads a stop codon codon recognition (non-initiating site) transcription of mRNA from DNA polypeptide chain is released from the P site peptide bond formation

Answers

Answer:

1. transcription of mRNA from DNA

2. small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA

3.initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit

4.codon recognition (non-initiating site)

5.peptide bond formation

6.translocation

7. ribosome reads a stop codon

8.polypeptide chain is released from the P site

9. ribosomal subunits dissociate

Explanation:

The translation is a process which translates the nitrogenous bases or codons in the proteins.

The process of translation requires the mRNA, tRNA and ribosome and proceeds in three stages: the initiation, elongation and the termination.

The process begins with the binding of the small subunit of the ribosome to the mRNA. The charged tRNA with a first amino acid called methionine binds the mRNA and scans the mRNA until it finds the start codon.  

After it finds the start codon, the large subunit complex binds the mRNA and form initiation complex. After this, the amino acid enters the P-site of the ribosome where elongation of peptide takes place.

The peptide then exits from the E-site and the ribosome dissociates.

Final answer:

Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex involving the small ribosomal subunit, mRNA template, initiation factors, and initiator tRNA. The initiator tRNA has anticodon UAG and interacts with the start codon AUG, carrying the amino acid methionine.

Explanation:

Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex. This complex involves the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA template, initiation factors, and a special initiator tRNA, called tRNAMet. The initiator tRNA has anticodon UAG, which interacts with the start codon AUG and is charged with the amino acid methionine. Methionine is therefore the first amino acid of every polypeptide chain.

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In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, blood and water flow in opposite directions. blood flow in the gills reverses direction with every heartbeat. blood and water are separated by a thick polysaccharide barrier. blood and water flow in the same direction.

Answers

Answer:

Topic:

Explanation:

What:

Final answer:

In fish, blood and water flow in opposite directions in a countercurrent exchange system for efficient gas exchange. Blood flows through the gills picking up oxygen, then through the body, and the single circuit heart pumps deoxygenated blood back to the gills.

Explanation:

In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, blood and water flow in opposite directions to maximize gas exchange efficiency. The blood flows through the gills, passing over deoxygenated veins first, where it picks up oxygen from the water. This system, known as gill circulation, is unidirectional, with the oxygenated blood then flowing to the rest of the body. Unlike in mammals, fish have a single circuit for blood flow and a two-chambered heart, comprising only one atrium and one ventricle. The oxygenated blood flows past the organs and the rest of the body, delivering oxygen before returning to the heart, a process called systemic circulation. The large surface area of the gills, due to their folded structure, is paramount for this efficient gas exchange, where oxygen molecules diffuse from areas of high concentration in the water to low concentration in the blood.

What are thought to have been present before vertebrates.
2. Cladograms are graphic representations of evolutionary history, which is called They
are sometimes referred to as phylogenetic trees.
3. Each node, or intersection, on a cladogram represents a/n_ _between two species.
4. Traits, or characteristics, that organisms develop and are passed down to become new
species are called traits.
5. Traits or structures that likely developed from common ancestors are called
structures.
6. Traits or structures that have a similar function, or job, but are not shared due to common
ancestry are called structures
7. Primates are a group of animals that have developed many adaptations such as larger brains,
binocular vision and thumbs that support arboreal life.
8. New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys because they have which act as
additional hands when living in the trees.
9. is an early australopithecine skeleton, found in 1974.
10. Homo is not thought to have evolved into Homo sapiens. The two are now thought to
have been present at the same time as sister species.

Answers

Answer:

1. Chordates

2. phylogeny

3. most recent common ancestor

4. derived

5. homologous

6. analogous

7. opposable

8. prehensile tails

9. Lucy

10. neanderthalensis

11. Using comparative anatomy, scientists identify similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. Scientists would search for homologous structures, analogous structures, and vestigial structures to provide clues as they construct a cladogram.

Explanation:

From Penn Foster

The study of a living being is called biology.

The correct answer is as follows:-

Chordates are thought to have been present before vertebrates. Cladograms are graphic representations of evolutionary history, which is called They phylogeny  are sometimes referred to as phylogenetic trees Each node, or intersection, on a cladogram, represents the most recent common ancestor between two species Traits, or characteristics, that organisms develop and are passed down to become new  species are called derived traits. Traits or structures that likely developed from common ancestors are called  similar structures. Traits or structures that have a similar function, or job, but are not shared due to common ancestry are called different structuresopposable Primates are a group of animals that have developed many adaptations such as larger brains,  binocular vision and thumbs that support arboreal life.New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys because they have prehensile which act as  additional hands when living in the trees. lucy is an early australopithecine skeleton, found in 1974. neanderthalensis is not thought to have evolved into Homosapiens. The two are now thought to  have been present at the same time as sister species.

Hence, these are the answer to the following question.

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Ben Affleck has a cleft chin, but his ex-wife Jennifer Garner does not. Neither one of their two daughters (Violet and Seraphina) has a cleft chin, but son Samuel does. Draw a pedigree for the Garner/Affleck family including the genotypes for all five individuals. Use your pedigree to answer the question: What are the genotypes of Ben, Jen, Violet, Seraphina, and Samuel?

Answers

Answer:

Ben - Y Xc

Jen - XCXC

Violet - XCXc

Seraphina - XCXc

Samuel- Y Xc

Explanation:

Given -

Ben has a cleft chin

Let the allele for cleft chin be "c"

and the allele for normal chin be "C"

When Ben with cleft chin mates with wife Jennifer Garner having normal chin, then the two girl child do not have cleft chin but the boy has cleft chin.

This means that the allele C could be X -linked and the mother is not the carrier but the father is

The genotype of father Ben would be Y Xc

Genotype of mother would be XCXC

Genotype of two daughters XCXc  , XCXc which means they are carrier for the next generation

Genotype of Boy - Y Xc

Pedigree for the Garner/Affleck family:

Ben (Cc)

    /     \

   Jen (cc)   Samuel (CC/Cc)

  /         \

Violet (cc)  Seraphina (cc).

Genotypes of all five individuals:

Ben Affleck: Cc (heterozygous for a cleft chin)

Jennifer Garner: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)

Violet Affleck: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)

Seraphina Affleck: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)

Samuel Affleck: CC/Cc (heterozygous or homozygous dominant for a cleft chin)

We can also determine the genotypes of Violet, Seraphina, and Samuel based on the pedigree. Since Jennifer Garner is homozygous recessive for no cleft chin (cc), she can only pass on the recessive allele to her children.

Therefore, Violet and Seraphina must also be homozygous recessive for no cleft chin (cc).

Samuel Affleck is the only child in the family who has a cleft chin. This means that he must have inherited at least one copy of the dominant allele for a cleft chin from his father, Ben.

Therefore, Samuel must be either heterozygous (Cc) or homozygous dominant (CC) for a cleft chin.

we know that the most likely genotypes for all five individuals are as follows:

Ben Affleck: Cc

Jennifer Garner: cc

Violet Affleck: cc

Seraphina Affleck: cc

Samuel Affleck: CC/Cc

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18) If a human disorder is sex-linked that means it is

Answers

Answer:

It means its inherited.

Explanation:

Sex linked disorders are disorders that are passed down through families. It could be through the X or Y chromosomes which are the sex chromosomes.

What is the definition of bioarchaeology? Group of answer choices the study of all animal skeletal remains from archaeological sites the application of skeletal analysis to assist in legal investigations the study of the cultural life of living people the study of human skeletal remains from archaeological sites

Answers

Answer: bio archaeology:

the study of bones and other biological materials found in archaeological remains in order to provide information about human life or the environment in the past:

Explanation:

Summarize the development of a calf fetus during gestation.

Answers

Final answer:

The development of a calf fetus during gestation involves the growth from a zygote to a fetus, organ and structure development, and rapid growth in the third trimester with critical development in the brain, liver, and ossification process.

Explanation:

Fetal Development During Gestation

The development of a calf fetus during gestation is a complex process that starts with a zygote and progresses through the embryonic stage to form a fully developed fetus. During the first trimester, major organs begin to form, the backbone, muscles, and bone tissue start to develop, and the fetus will be able to move its small limbs. By the end of the second trimester, the fetus grows to about 30 cm (12 inches) and becomes active, with the mother typically feeling movements. The placenta now fully takes over nutrition and waste management and hormone production. In the third trimester, rapid growth occurs, and the fetus reaches 3 to 4 kg (6½ -8½ lbs.) and 50 cm (19-20 inches) in length. Organ development continues up to and after birth, with significant growth of the nervous system and liver.

Key Developments:

The brain continues to expand.The ossification process replaces cartilage with bone.The liver begins to secrete bile, and bone marrow starts erythrocyte production.The development of the amniotic sac and umbilical cord.Rapid growth and development of organs in the last trimester.

Club foot is one of the most common congenital skeletal abnormalities, with a worldwide incidence of about 1 in 1000 births. Both genetic and nongenetic factors are thought to be responsible for club foot. C. A. Gurnett et al. (2008. American Journal of Human Genetics 83:616–622) identified a family in which club foot was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. They discovered a mutation in the PITXI gene that caused club foot in this family. Through DNA testing, they determined that 11 people in the family carried the PITXI mutation, but only 8 of these people had club foot. What is the penetrance of PITXI mutation in this family? Please round to two decimal places (e.g. 0.01).

Answers

Answer:

Penetrance might be characterized as the part of the predetermined genotypes populace that shows the normal phenotype.  

Here, total number of genotypes (PITXI transformation observed) = 11  

Genuine influenced phenotypes = 8  

Penetrance =  (Watched number of club foot occasions) / (all out number of people with PITXI transformation)  

 Penetrance = 8/11

Penetrance = 0.72

Which insect species is most distantly related to S. browderus?

Answers

Answer:

C. phillipensis

Explanation:

Label the parts in the diagrams (Plant Cell and Animal Cell) Please help!

Answers

Answer:

the ovals are mitochondria, the fat outer layer on the plant cell is a cell wall, the blank stuff is cytoplasm, the round things are nuclei, the squiglly stuff inside the nucleus is DNA, the thin outer later inside the cell wall on the plant but on the outside of the animal is the cell membrane

Explanation:

What morphology is represented in the picture? A) spirilla B) rod shaped C) filamentous D) cocci

Answers

Hi there!

This bacteria's morphology is rod-shaped. The flagella can be confusing and cause you to choose filamentous, but filamentous bacteria are simple strands. Spirilla bacteria are spiral shaped, and cocci bacteria are spherical.

I really hope this helps!!

The morphology of bacteria represented in the picture is rod shaped. Thus, option B is correct.

What is morphology?

Morphology is the distinguishing characteristic of bacterial cell, which describes about the shape of the cell. Particular species of bacteria has particular morphology, hence it is the characteristic feature to distinguish between different bacterial species.

These morphologies are examined with the help of microscope. The basic morphologies are:

coccusbacillifilamentousspirochetevibrio

Cocci are spherical shaped cells which can be coccus (singular), diplococcus, sarcina, tetrad, stephylococcus, streptococcus based on number of cells and their arrangements.

Bacilli are rod shaped cells which can be  bacillus (singular), cocobacillus, diplobacillus, streptobacillus, palisade. Therefore in the given picture, the morphology of cell is rod shaped. hence option B is correct.

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Can anyone help with this question for me

Answers

Answer:

Chameleon is the secondary consumer.

You argue with your boss, saying that your knowledge of biochemistry tells you that this mutant strain will not be viable. Your boss tells you that the mutant will grow aerobically (in the presence of oxygen) but that it will not be able to grow on glucose anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). You reconsider, and decide that your boss is correct.

Answers

Answer:

As the given equation is correct,hence the boss is right,glucose utilization are therefore not able to grow ... and molecular biology to create new mutants.

The correct conclusion is that the mutant strain will not be viable under anaerobic conditions when glucose is the only energy source available.

In biochemistry, the viability of an organism, particularly a microorganism, is often linked to its ability to metabolize nutrients to produce energy. Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration is a process by which cells convert glucose into energy without the use of oxygen.

The information provided indicates that the mutant strain can grow aerobically, which means it can use oxygen to metabolize glucose or other substrates to produce energy. However, the mutant strain cannot grow on glucose anaerobically. This suggests that the mutant strain lacks the necessary biochemical pathways to metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen.

In many organisms, particularly facultative anaerobes, the ability to switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is crucial for survival in environments where oxygen levels may fluctuate. For example, in the absence of oxygen, these organisms can ferment glucose to lactate or ethanol, or use alternative electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.

If the mutant strain cannot grow anaerobically on glucose, it means that it cannot produce energy from glucose without oxygen. This would severely limit the mutant strain's viability in anaerobic environment where glucose is the primary or only available energy source. Therefore, the mutant strain would not be considered viable under those specific conditions, supporting the boss's assertion.

In summary, while the mutant strain can survive and grow in the presence of oxygen, its inability to metabolize glucose anaerobically would render it non-viable in anaerobic environments where glucose is the sole energy source. This conclusion is consistent with fundamental principles of microbial metabolism and the requirements for cellular energy production."

Most black bears (Ursus americanus) are black or brown in color. However, occasional white bears of this species appear in some populations along the coast of British Columbia. Kermit Ritland and his colleagues determined that white coat color in these bears results from a recessive mutation (G) caused by a single nucleotide replacement in which guanine substitutes for adenine at the melanocortin 1 receptor locus (mcr1), the same locus responsible for red hair in humans (K. Ritland, C. Newton, and H. D. Marshall. 2001. Current Biology 11:1468–1472). The wild-type allele at this locus (A) encodes black or brown color. Ritland and his colleagues collected samples from bears on three islands and determined their genotypes at the mcr1 locus. (Section 25.2) Genotype Number AA 42 AG 24 GG 21 a. What are the frequencies of the A and G alleles in these bears? b. Give the genotypic frequencies expected if the population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. c. Use a chi-square test to compare the number of observed genotypes with the number expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Is this population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium? Note that DF =1. Show Chi Square value, DF, P value, and interpretation.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

a) Frequencies of A and G lalleles are as follows:

f(A) =( 84+24)/174 = 0.62

f(B) = (42+24)/174 =0.38

b) Expected genotype frequencies:

f(AA) = (0.62) (0.62) = 0.384

f (AG)= 2(0.62) (0.38) =0.471

f(GG) = (0.38) (0.38) = 0.144

c) Genotype Observed Expected O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

AA 42 33 9 81 2.45

AG 24 41 17 289 7.05

GG 21 13 8 64 4.92

Chi squared = 14.42

The number of degrees of freedom is the number of genotypes minusthe number of alleles= 3-2 =1

The p value is much less than 0.05, therefore we reject the hypothesis that these genotype frequencies may be expected from HArdy Weinberg equilibrum

1. If the ability to taste PTC were controlled by only two alleles: one dominant (T) and one recessive (t), would there be any way to distinguish between the heterozygous (Tt) individuals and the homozygous dominant (TT) individuals without mating or performing DNA analysis? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:No

Explanation: there would not be a way to distinguish between Tt and TT without mating or DNA analysis because T is dominant in Tt, therefore has the same physical characteristics as TT.

True or false 100% of what you look like or behave like come directly from both of your parents?

Answers

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

The way you behave does not usually come from either of your parents, you chose how you act. And how you look can could from your dad, mom, both or sometimes other ancestors. So it definitely False.

For the same cross: BbTt x bbTt a. Using the Probability Method illustrated in lecture, break the complex two-gene cross into two simple single-gene crosses (note that the Probability Method can be used if it is known that the alleles of the different genes Assort Independently) b. Show the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios for each of the simple single-gene crosses.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

cross: BbTt x bbTt

Cross for B gene

Parental ) Bb   x   bb

Gametes) B   b   b   b

Punnet square)  B     b

                  b     Bb    bb

                  b     Bb    bb

F1) Genotypic proportion: 2/4=1/2 Bb : 2/4=1/2 bb

     Genotypic ratio 1:1

     Phenotypic proportion: 2/4=1/2 B- : 2/4=1/2 bb

     Phenotypic ratio   1:1

Cross for T gene

Parental ) Tt   x   Tt

Gametes) T  t     T   t

Punnet square) T       t

                  T     TT    Tt

                  t      Tt    tt

F1) Genotypic proportion 1/4 TT

                                          2/4 Tt

                                          1/4 tt

     Genotypic ratio  1 : 2 : 1

      Phenotypic proportion: 3/4 T-

                                              1/4 tt

     Phenotypic ratio 3 : 1

Splenda is a fat replacer found in chips and pack foods.
True
O False

Answers

false? i think its sugar

Answer:

false

Explanation:

it replaces sugar, not fat

Question 19 of 20 The complete oxidation of one glucose molecule yields 30 or more ATP . Glucose catabolism includes glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. The total yield of ATP includes ATP , GTP , and reduced cofactors that yield ATP from the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Which processes yield the most ATP ? When determining the ATP yield for each process, include ATP derived from reduced cofactors. glycolysis citric acid cycle oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl‑ CoA

Answers

Answer:

Oxidative phosphorylation is a process which produces most of ATP that is produced during cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules. Citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP molecules.

Explanation:

Oxidative phosphorylation process is also known as electron transport chain. This process produces ATP in large amount i. e. 28 ATP molecules. This process only occurs in aerobic respiration because this process requires oxygen while glycolysis and citric acid cycle produces only 2 ATP molecules.

In 1814, 15 British colonists founded a settlement on Tristan da Cunha, a group of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Africa and South America. One of the early colonists apparently carried a recessive allele for retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive form of blindness that afflicts homozygous individuals. Of the founding colonists' 240 descendants on the island in the late 1960s, 4 had retinitis pigmentosa (rr). The frequency of the allele that causes this disease is ten times higher on Tristan da Cunha than in the populations from which the founders came. Calculate the frequency of the r allele in the original population of 15 colonists and in the 240 descendants. Please show calculations, Thanks!

Answers

Answer:

Frequency of the allele "r"causing  the disease on Tristan da Cunha[tex]= 1.67[/tex] %

Frequency of the allele "r"causing  the disease in the original population of 15 colonists [tex]= 16.7[/tex]%

Explanation:

Frequency of the allele "r"causing  the disease on Tristan da Cunha

Given -

Out of 240 descendants on the island, 4 had retinitis pigmentosa (rr).

As per Hardy Weinberg's equllibrium equation

The frequecy of recessive individual in a given population is represented by [tex]q^2[/tex]

And q represents the frequency of allele r

So, in this case q is equal to

[tex]\frac{4}{240} * 100\\[/tex]

[tex]= 1.67[/tex] %

Frequency of the allele "r"causing  the disease in the original population of 15 colonists

As it is given in the question statement , the frequency of allele "r"causing  the disease in the original population of 15 colonists is ten times the frequency of the allele "r"causing  the disease on Tristan da Cunha

i.e

[tex]1.67 * 10\\[/tex]

[tex]= 16.7[/tex]%

what is a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a mono hybrid cross is a sign of?

Answers

Incomplete dominance

How do changes in the organism in a food chain affect the other organisms?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: The orgaism can be an invasive species it would effect the amount of large or small organisms.things like elk that eat a large amount of certain plants can affect the other organisms source of food.Thats why their hunted by wolves.All the pieces matter.

Changes in a food chain can disrupt energy flow and nutrient cycles, with effects that can ripple through an ecosystem, potentially leading to biodiversity loss or collapse.

If a primary consumer decreases in population, this can lead to overgrowth of plants and the undernourishment of secondary consumers. Conversely, if a keystone species is removed or significantly altered, it can cause a ripple effect, disrupting the predatory and competitive relationships in an ecosystem, potentially leading to biodiversity loss or ecosystem collapse. The delicate balance of energy flow and nutrient cycles in an ecosystem makes it sensitive to changes in any single organism or group within a food chain, demonstrating the interconnectedness of all living things.

An enhancer may increase the frequency of transcription initiation for its associated gene when… (indicate true or false for each statement and explain your answer…) A. …it is located 1000 nucleotides upstream of the gene’s core promoter. B. ...it is located 1000 nucleotides downstream of the gene’s core promoter. C. …it is in the gene’s coding region.

Answers

Answer:

it is located 1000 nucleotides upstream of the gene’s core promoter - true

it is located 1000 nucleotides downstream of the gene’s core promoter- true

it is in the gene’s coding region - False

Explanation:

These enhancers are located 50 or more kilobases from the promoter they controlled upstream from a promoter, downstream from a promoter within an intron, or even downstream from the final exon of a gene which can be thousands of bp away from the gene's core promoter and can also occur thousands of nucleotides away from the gene's core promoter needing the activity of a DNA -bending protein that binds to the enhancer changing the shape of the DNA and allow interactions between the activators and transcription factors.

The human body works well when the cells of the body work well. The cells in the body work well when the
conditions are just "right." These "right" conditions are maintained by the body through
the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions.

Answers

Answer:

That is correct...it can also be called homeostasis

Answer:

The human body works well when the cells of the body work well. The cells in the body work well when the conditions are just “right.” These “right” conditions are maintained by the body through homeostasis, the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions.

Temperature , amount of sugar, and amount of water are some conditions that need to be right in the body for cells to work properly. When all the conditions are just right, the cells function properly.

a change in allele frequency due to random events is called?

Answers

Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms. ... A population's allele frequency is the fraction of the copies of one gene that share a particular form.
Genetic drift- A variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
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