Answer:
True
Explanation:
Bureaucratic organizations are strictly based on a command system which deals with its top level management controlling every single decision that goes on with the organization.
It is very organized and has a high degree of formality, therefor, for one to actually enjoy a bureaucratic structure or organization, one needs to be among its top managements,
During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with _____.
Answer:
client-centered therapy
Explanation:
Client related therapy is one of the approaches made by the therapist during the counseling process. In this process, the client is enabled to take active participation in the process of their treatment. The therapist here plays a supportive role only. The therapist helps and assists the clients for better understanding and promoting positive responses altogether. The entire direction and course of treatment revolve around the client. In the given case, the therapist has used client-related therapy to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo's approach. He is playing the role of a mediator thereby helping the client to solve their issues.
During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with the therapist's suggestion in the marriage counseling session is reflective listening or active listening.
Reflective listening involves paraphrasing or restating what the speaker has said to demonstrate understanding and empathy.
By suggesting that Mr. and Mrs. Gallo restate their spouse's comments before making their own, the therapist is encouraging them to actively listen to each other, understand their perspectives, and demonstrate that understanding before responding. This technique can help improve communication, reduce misunderstandings, and foster empathy in a relationship.
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A general definition of intelligence does NOT include the mental ability to: comprehend one's surroundings. correctly use one's intuition. learn from one's experiences. comprehend complex ideas.
Answer:
correctly use one's intuition.
Explanation:
Intelligence: The term intelligence is defined as the capability to get benefited from past experiences, solve problems, and adjusting new situations.
Intelligence is considered to be important as it has a great influence on most of the human behaviors.
In other words, human intelligence is defined as the mental quality that comprises the capabilities to understand abstract concepts, adapt new situations, learn from experiences, and the use of the knowledge or wisdom to manipulate or alter one's environment.
Intelligence is a complex construct involving cognitive capabilities to acquire, process, and apply information, and includes problem-solving and adaptability. Definitions of intelligence extend beyond academic proficiency, encompassing creative and practical abilities. While Spearman proposed a general factor of intelligence, current perspectives recognize it as a composite of multiple skills. The correct answer is option: correctly using one's intuition.
A general definition of intelligence includes several key cognitive abilities, such as understanding complex ideas, learning from experiences, and comprehending one's surroundings. These facets highlight an individual's capability to process information, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
However, among the options given, correctly using one's intuition does not typically feature in general definitions of intelligence. Intuition involves using instinctive feeling rather than conscious reasoning, and while it can be associated with certain types of intelligence, it is not universally recognized as a core component of intelligence in scientific terms. Therefore, this choice does not align with the conventional attributes included in most definitions of intelligence.
A person’s responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ____________.
A) maladaptive patterns of behavior
B) current events
C) daydreaming themes
D) unconscious thoughts and feelings
Answer:
D would be the answer to this question.
Explanation:
A person's responses to a projective test reflect D. unconscious thoughts and feelings.
Explanation:A projective test is a psychological assessment tool used to reveal an individual's thoughts, feelings, and personality traits. It typically involves presenting ambiguous stimuli, such as images or words, and asking the person to respond, allowing their subconscious to manifest in their answers. The most well-known projective test is the Rorschach inkblot test, which uses inkblots to elicit responses that psychologists then analyze for insights into the individual's psychology and emotional state.
A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect unconscious thoughts and feelings. Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), are designed to tap into the deeper levels of the individual's mind, allowing their unconscious thoughts and feelings to surface.
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What paraphernalia is used to conduct the lottery and what attempts are made to keep the traditional ceremony?
Answer and Explanation: The paraphernalia that is used in order to administer the lotteries are further constructed out of the fragments of paper and further conserved in a black wooden box which was known to be made out of the wooden chips but this tradition has been discontinued and isn't followed anymore. This ritual or tradition has been replaced by contemporary ways.
When the Affordable Care Act was first implemented, politicians and media outlets opposed to it referred to it as "Obamacare" rather than the Affordable Care Act. In essence, they were trying to use ____ to persuade individuals it was a bad idea.
Answer:
The peripheral route, is the right answer.
Explanation:
Obamacare is another name for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This act was enacted by the 111th Congress of the United States and signed into law on 23rd March 2010, by Barack Obama. Along with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, this act signified the most important governing overhaul and extension of coverage of the U.S. healthcare system. During the time this act was signed into law, the U.S. politicians, as well as the media, opposed this law. Basically, they were using the peripheral route to influence people it was a defective idea.
Bob and George live in the United States. Bob recently asked for George's cell phone number, but George said he didn't have one. George would probably be considered aNo __________ in the diffusion of innovation process.
a. laggard
b. early majority
c. late majority
d. early adopter
e. innovator
George is considered a “laggard”.
Option: a
Explanation:
Laggard is said to a person who lags behind as compared to others due to the slow progression. In the diffusion of innovation process, the laggards come under the elements of adopters. Here, Bob and George are from US and when Bob asked George for its cell number to which George said that he doesn't has one. This shows that George is a laggard as where the world work with cell phones, there he lags behind it.
Just as Kayla was in sight of a billboard for the Riverbend Mall, a police car drove by with its lights flashing. Kayla was so concerned with watching where the police car went that she totally missed seeing the mall's billboard. In terms of the communication process, the police car acted as____________.
Answer:
In terms of the communication process the police car acted as an environmental barrier.
Explanation:
Sometimes there are problems when messages want to be sent, and they can be disrupted by several factors like noise, movement or light, among others. Geographical distance is another factor that could be an environmental barrier. In the example, the car with the lights flashing is more eye-catching than the billboard, especially because it is in the middle of Kaylas’ sight and the mall’s advertisement.
The flashing police car acted as a distraction or interference in the communication process. It distracted Kayla's attention away from the billboard, preventing her from receiving the billboard's message. This is sometimes called communication noise or disturbance.
Explanation:In the scenario presented, the police car acted as a distraction or interference to the communication process. Communication typically involves a sender (in this case, the billboard), a message (the information on the billboard), and a receiver (Kayla). However, environmental factors can interfere with this process, preventing the message from being received. Here, the police car with its flashing lights served to distract Kayla's attention away from the billboard, preventing her from receiving the billboard's message. This is sometimes referred to as communication noise or disturbance.
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Encouraging decision-making Giving the client choices of activities.A. Playing a game of chess with the client.B. Spending time sitting with the client
Answer: Option A, playing a game of chess with the client.
Explanation:
Recreation refers to all those activities that people choose to do to refresh their bodies and minds and make their leisure time more interesting and enjoyable. Examples of recreation activities are walking, swimming, meditation, reading, playing games and dancing. Based on this, playing a game with your client will not only help him/her in refreshing his/her body but also help in building more your relationship.
Vince has always believed children deserve the best prenatal care available. During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. When it is his turn to speak, he voices an opinion more in keeping with the previous speakers. Vince's behavior is an example of
a) compliance.
b) persuasion.
c) conformity.
d) obedience.
Answer: Option (C)
Explanation:
From the given options , we can state that Vince's behavior is the example of conformity. Conformity is referred to as the function of coordinating with perspective, faith, and also the behaviors of group norms or the politics. Norms are mostly known to be implicit, i.e. the specific set of rules which are mostly shared by the group of individuals, that tends to further guide their conversation with other individual.
Darius's friends know him as someone who values people, regardless of their failings. When people spend time with Darius, they know he will have an attitude of total acceptance toward them. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as:
Answer:
Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as "unconditional positive regard".
Explanation:
According to Carl Rogers theory, someone who has "unconditional positive regard" is capable of listening to, and respecting people without judging them, regardless of the information they disclose.
In other words, someone with this attitude is capable of loving others for who they are.
With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?a. 1/3b. 1/4c. 1/8d. 1/16
Answer:
a. 1/3
Explanation:
Although, this is a controversial topic and it is hard to state exactly how much income share the top 1% or how much of the United State's wealth rests with the wealthiest top 1% but, it can be said that approximately one-third (1/3) of the wealth remains with the top 1%. Also, some of the sources like Washington Post suggests that up to 40% of the wealth rests with the US top 1% households. Hence, given the options, 1/3 is most suitable.
The top 1% of individuals in the United States hold about 29% of the country's wealth.
The Occupy Wall Street movement drew attention to income inequality in the United States, and one key statistic often referenced was the wealth held by the top 1% of individuals. According to data from the Federal Reserve, the wealthiest 1% of Americans held about 29% of the country's wealth as of 2019.
This means that the correct answer to the question is not given among the options provided. The correct answer would be slightly less than 1/3, which is closest to option a. 1/3.
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Supreme Court chief justice John Marshall used the Court to strengthen the judiciary and made legal decisions not explicitly discussed by the Constitution. These actions demonstrated Marshall's use of judicial:_________
The actions demonstrated by Marshall's use of judicial powers to review by striking down a law made by Congress as unconstitutional
Explanation:
A remarkable judgement was given in the case Marbury vs. Madison in the year 1803. Chief Justice Mr John Marshall is of the view that he confirmed in his written judgement that court has the power of judicial review.
He declared that the law made by the congress as unconstitutional and it is an act of the legislature repugnant to the Constitution is void. Mr John Marshall was the fourth chief justice of the United States of America in the year 1801. He is mainly responsible for instituting the role of supreme Court in federal government.
Marci suggests that the aggressiveness of her sister's new friend is the result of the friend's abuse during childhood. Marci's inference about the cause of the girl's behavior is an example of_________.
Answer:
Marci's inference about the cause of the girl's behavior is an example of explanatory attribution.
Explanation:
This type of inference is called explanatory attribution, because it somehow explains the causes, and it also gives reasons why some facts are so. Explaining agressiveness through past experience of the girl, is an example of inferring plausible causes about certain conduts.
A child has been born into a family of poor farmers. Growing up, they once had a crush on the local ruler's child of the same age. However, because of societal rules, they will end up marrying someone from a similar background to themselves, even if they are very successful at farming and become wealthy. This would be an example of a society with
a. ascribed statuses.
b. ethnic politics.
c. achieved statuses.
d. long-term subjugation.
Answer: (A) Ascribed statuses.
Explanation:
Ascribed statuses is one of the type of social status of a person that is basically assigned at the time of birth and it is assume involuntarily in whole life. This type of status is assigned either it is earned nor chosen by the individual choice.
The ascribed status is basically reflected both the merit and the personal ability.
The ascribed statuses is sometimes also known as ascribed identity as it is the ethnic connotation of the one individual name.
Therefore, Option (A) is correct.
Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul’s belief that his classmates are hostile is a_________.
a) regression. b) projection. c) denial. d) reaction formation.
Answer: b) projection
Explanation:
According to psychoanalytic theory, projection happens when a person projects onto others his/her own feelings or beliefs. In fact, Abdul is the quarrelsome classmate and he's the aggressive one, because he's externalizing an internal conflict.
His classmates are most probably responding to his initial reactions.
Abdul will have to look into his actions and attitudes, try to change them and then see if this generates change into his classmates as well.
When developmentalists looked at the two kinds of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, to determine if intelligence continues to grow, slow, or decline with age, they determined that __________.(A) Fluid intelligence does decline; however crystallized intelligence holds steady and can improve(B) Crystallized intelligence does decline; however, fluid intelligence holds steady and can improve(C) Both fluid and crystallized intelligence decline with age(D) Both fluid and crystallized intelligences improve with age
Answer:
Developmentalists determined that: (A) Fluid intelligence does decline; however crystallized intelligence holds steady and can improve
Explanation:
This theory of intelligence classifies two types of intelligence, based on the processess each one requires. Fluid intelligence is about being able to reason, to make predictions or asumptions, to make logical connectios. This intelligence does not involve previous experience, or studies.
While by the other hand there is crystallized intelligence, they state elderly people developed this type of intelligence because of previos experience, acumulation of knowledge. This is a type of intelligence that is cultivated in time and does is why it can impove.
The exploration of fluid and crystallized intelligences shows that while fluid intelligence declines with age, crystallized intelligence remains steady or can improve, reflecting the impact of accumulated knowledge over time.
When developmentalists explored the two kinds of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, to understand changes in intelligence across the lifespan, they determined that (A) Fluid intelligence does decline; however, crystallized intelligence holds steady and can improve. Fluid intelligence, which involves the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and adaptability in novel situations, tends to decrease with age. In contrast, crystallized intelligence, which encompasses accumulated knowledge and experiences, remains steady or can improve as individuals age. This is evident in tasks such as solving crossword puzzles where older adults can perform as well as or better than younger individuals, due to the rich store of knowledge they have acquired over time.
________ is a memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives.
Answer: Recognition memory task
Explanation: This memory task is really about recognition memory, and that memory is one through which we can recognise previously experienced events or emotions, i.e stimuli that triggered a particular emotion in response to that stimulus, and we can now recognise that stimulus because we have recognition memory. This memory task, that is, recognition, was performed as an experiment where the experimenter exposed the subjects to a range of stimuli, that is, events or people that cause those stimuli for the subjects to learn. Then, after a certain time, the experimenter showed i.e exposed the learned stimuli together with the new ones, so he mixed them and presented to the subjects to recognise the learned stimuli from the proposed list.
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn’t get the internship because the manager didn’t like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ___________.
A. a dependent personality
B. an external locus of control
C. an internal locus of control
D. low self-efficacy
Kim has an external locus of control as he attributes his academic and job-related outcomes to external factors such as test difficulty, professor's leniency, and the manager's personal opinion.
Explanation:Julian Rotter would say that Kim has an external locus of control. This psychological concept refers to an individual's belief that their life events and outcomes are determined by external forces rather than their own actions. People with an external locus of control attribute their successes or failures to luck, chance, or the actions of others, rather than to their own efforts or abilities. In the case presented, Kim attributes failing math to the difficulty of the test, passing psychology to the leniency of the professor, and not getting the internship to the personal disapproval of the manager, all of which are external factors.
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Households in which the child's portion size was lessened or one or more of the household members did not eat regularly are categorized as havingA. low food security.B. high food security.C. very low food secutiryD. marginal food security.
Answer:
(C). Very low food security.
Explanation:
Very low food security used to be known as "food insecurity with hunger". It is a situation in which the lack of food in a household, causes reduction in food intake and disrupts the eating pattern of that household.
Environmental influences can determine whether a gene is expressed. For some people, that will be decisive in whether they develop a psychological disorder. This best illustrates the need for________.
Answer:
Research on epigenetics.
Explanation:
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in the gene expression that don't involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence of the subject. This means that environmental influences can determine how a gene is expressed; it could affect them as well. Therefore, more research on this subject is necessary.
Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of______.
A) the spacing effect.
B) chunking.
C) the serial position effect.
D) priming.
E) flashbulb memory.
Answer:
B) ChunkingExplanation:
The process of taking individual pieces of information and grouping them in larger units is called Chunking. Grouping helps in remembering the information. Separating different elements into larger blocks makes it easier to retain the information and overcome the limitations of our short term limitations. Various research has suggested that people can store between five to nine units of information in their short term memory and chunking helps to retain about four chunks of information.
Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy
Answer: Positive psychology
Explanation: Positive psychology is study of psychological field that is based on identifying happiness,goodness and positiveness in aspects of life. Finding these factors increase the worth and fulfillment of life in humans.
To work towards the goal of positive psychology , a person need to be determined , should rely on positive aspects of life's situations and events , have certain discipline, patience etc.This makes an individual deal with the society and self with well being, strength and positiveness
Gina and Tina are identical twins. Gina has had a series of traumas and has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Tina is demonstrating no symptoms of schizophrenia. Because schizophrenia tends to run in families, the difference between the twins can be explained througha) the stress of childbirth.b) cultural influences.c) the medical modeld) epigenetics.
Answer:
The medical model
Explanation:
The medical model refers to the way psychiatrists view the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia.
This model states that mental disorders are brain diseases and relies on pharmacological treatment to cure them. It explains the origin of the diseases based on physiological factors.
In this example, Gina and Tina are identical twins, however only one of them has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Since schizophrenia tends to run in families, we could explain this difference by using the medical model stating that the origin of schizophrenia is in the brain and Gina was exposed to a different set of experiences than her sister, which in turned triggered the Schizophrenia, which had its origin on physiological factors.
Several criteria are used to determine whether a sexual behavior is a paraphilia. One criterion requires that the behavior be recurrent. In fact, the person may not be able to stop the undesirable behavior. This is the _____ component of paraphilias.
Answer:
The answer is the compulsive component.
Explanation:
Among other factors taken into account, paraphilias are characterised for being recurrent or uncontrollable. The term "compulsive" refers to a behaviour that cannot be refrained.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has described paraphilias as causes for "impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning", meaning they can overtake most of a person's time and energy.
Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. This provides evidence for the role of ________ in operant behavior.
a. spontaneous recovery
b. primary reinforcers
c. cognitive processes
d. negative reinforcers
Answer:
Cognitive process in ope-rant conditioning
Explanation:
The cognitive process is the process related to the mental process in which a person involved in the process of gaining knowledge and comprehend the knowledge. In this process many processes are involved such as remembering, knowing, judging and problem-solving.
It encompasses the knowledge and it is higher-level processing in which imagination, language, planning, and perception are involved. Many of the psychologists think that people acquire knowledge through observation and perception.
In this process when a person sees any object, hear any voice will transform that information into signals and that person's brain can take that cue and can act upon that cue. Thus in above statement cognitive process play a role in ope-rant behavior
In Alice's classroom, the great majority of her students do well academically. When she is asked about why she feels she is such a successful teacher, she says that she structures her instruction in such a way that her students can do well either way, working with her directly or on their own. She says that her students often do even better working on their own than with her. Alice's classroom best exemplifies____________.
Answer:
Academic learning time.
Explanation:
The Academin learning time, refered to as ALT, is the amount of time in which students are active, successfull, and productively enganed in learning.
In this case, Alice is boosting the ALT of her students by structuring her instructions and giving them the choice of working alone or with her. Those students who struggle can be helped by her and those who don't can work on their own or however they feel most comfortable.
Alice's classroom, where students often perform better working on their own, is an example of student-centered learning. This approach involves strategies that make learning more engaging and tailored to individual students, emphasizing the importance of teacher expectations in student achievement.
Explanation:In Alice's classroom, the great majority of her students do well academically. When she is asked about why she feels she is such a successful teacher, she says that she structures her instruction in such a way that her students can do well either way, working with her directly or on their own. She says that her students often do even better working on their own than with her. Alice's classroom best exemplifies student-centered learning. This approach emphasizes students taking responsibility for their own learning, facilitating critical thinking, and developing problem-solving skills. Alice is likely implementing strategies that foster an engaging and supportive classroom environment, encouraging students to explore and discover concepts for themselves, which has been shown to increase academic achievement and self-conception.
Student-centered learning, contrary to traditional direct instruction, allows students to work on tasks that are more open-ended and involves cooperative learning, meta-cognitive strategies, and self-verbalization, which have been proven to explain more variance in test scores. These strategies not only make the learning process more enjoyable but also tailored to the individual needs and pace of each student. Teacher's high expectations and the belief in students' abilities play a crucial role in this process, often leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where students achieve more when they are believed to be capable of high achievement.
The statement, "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped," becomes easier to understand and recall when you are given the following prompt: "A parachutist." This best illustrates the influence of
a. semantic encoding.
b. sensory memory.
c. parallel processing.
d. chunking.
e. mnemonic devices.
Answer:
Semantic encoding
Explanation:
Semantic encoding is a type of encoding in a person encode the information from the environment. Semantic information is something like to encode the information with its meaning in opposing to its sound or meaning. It is a fortune with us that we store the information with its associated meaning.
It is about storing information in cognition with its meaning rather than its perceptual process. In this process elaboration is the most important aspect. Trough elaboration a person stored all the information from STM to LTM.
Final answer:
The phenomenom where a contextual prompt like 'A parachutist' aids recall of the statement about the haystack highlights the influence of semantic encoding, a deep level of processing fostering better memory retention.
Explanation:
The statement, "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped," becomes easier to understand and recall when given the prompt, "A parachutist." This phenomenon best illustrates the influence of semantic encoding. When the situation is framed with context, in this case, the image of a parachutist, the information gains personal relevance, engaging deeper cognitive processing and thereby improving recall, as evidenced by research in the field of memory by psychologists such as Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker (1977). Semantic encoding, due to its deep processing of meaning, can be significantly beneficial when attempting to memorize concepts, allowing them to become more memorable when they relate to personal experience or when placed in a meaningful context.
Paris claimed to be the intellectual center of Gothic Europe. Its university faculty and the reputations of its masons supported this claim. Which of the following also provided support for this claim?
A It was the principal center of commerce for Europe.
B It was a center for fine book production.
C It established the first printing press.
D It was a center for classical study.
Answer:
B) It was a center for fine book production. More specifically manuscripts, because the books were made by hand, with high quality calligraphy, and were decorated with drawings and paintings.
From the high to late Middle Ages, Paris became home to many workshops that began to produce manuscripts for the University, and for the Royal Court. A particular manuscript style emerged, which came to be known as the "Paris Style".
One famous manuscript from the era is "Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry", illustrated by Jean Fouquet during one of his stays in Paris (he was from Tours).
Your friend Mario asks you why his wife does not get sexually aroused when her doctor checks her breasts for cancer, but becomes easily aroused when Mario performs the same procedure on her breasts. The BEST answer would be that Mario s wife is probably _____.A. lying about her lack of arousal at the doctor's officeB. heterosexual, and seeing a female doctorC. reacting to different sexual scriptsD. faking arousal with Mario
Answer:
reacting to different sexual scripts
Explanation:
Mario's wife is not going to feel sexually stimulated in a medical control that is for her health, even if it is touched in a sensitive area such as the breasts because of the context. But she reacts in another way with her husband, because she is engaging in an intimate situation. There are scripts or sexual roles that Mario's wife follows.
If you are competing for your party's nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives, you must first participate in __________ election.
Answer:
If you are competing for your party's nomination for the U. S. House of Representatives, you must first participate in a PRIMARY election.
Explanation:
A primary election is a process that a political party holds in order to reduce the number of inner candidates that also reflects the preference of the voters. The voters can be citizens (open primary) or members of a political party (closed primary). There are also other methods to select candidates such as nomination.