Answer:
B. Alleles for DDT resistance arose by mutation during the period of DDT use because of selection for pesticide resistance
Explanation:
This question boils down to the concept of GENE MUTATION. Genetic variations can arise from gene mutations or from genetic recombination (a normal process in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell is getting ready to divide). These variations often alter gene activity or protein function, which can introduce different traits in an organism.
The Biodata dated since (1930s) illustrated that the Laboratory strains of D. melanogaster failed to prove the resistance of the organism to DDT and similar insecticides.
But, over time when the organism are being introduced to the use of DDT, the frequency of DDT resistance was 37%.
It implies that Alleles for DDT resistance arose by mutation during the period of DDT use because of selection for pesticide resistance. If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce, the genetic variation is more likely to be passed to the next generation. Over time, as generations of individuals with the trait continue to reproduce, the advantageous trait becomes increasingly common in a population, making the population different than an ancestral one.
The part of the external ear that hangs below the auditory canal
Answer:
Auricle/pinna
Explanation:
The pinna is a flap of skin and cartilage which partially covers the opening to the external auditory meatus. It collects and concentrates sound waves into the auditory meatus. The pinna leads into the external auditory meatus which is a tube that directs sound waves to the eardrum also called the tympanic membrane.
A nursing instructor is explaining the role of vascular smooth muscle cells in relation to increases in the systemic circulation. During the discussion, which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for contraction of the entire muscle cell layer, thus resulting in decreased vessel lumen radius?
Answer:
Norepinephrine
Explanation:
Nerve cells and circulating hormones are the one responsible for vasoconstriction of the vessel walls, as they do not enter the tunica media of the blood vessel, the nerves do not synapse directly on the smooth muscle cells. Instead, they release the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, which diffuses into the media and acts on the nearby smooth muscle cells, which result in contraction of the entire muscle cell layer and thus reducing the radius of the vessel lumen.
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that targets prokaryotic (70S) ribosomes, but not eukaryotic (80S) ribosomes. Which of these questions stems from this observation, plus an understanding of eukaryotic origins?
A) Can chloramphenicol also be used to control human diseases that are caused by archaeans?B) Can chloramphenicol pass through the capsules possessed by many cyanobacteria?C) If chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic ribosomes, should it not also inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes?D) Why aren't prokaryotic ribosomes identical to eukaryotic ribosomes?E) How is translation affected in ribosomes that are targeted by chloramphenicol?
Final answer:
The correct question related to eukaryotic origins is 'If chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic ribosomes, should it not also inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes?' This is because mitochondria have 70S ribosomes similar to prokaryotic ribosomes, stemming from the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria.
Explanation:
The observation that chloramphenicol targets prokaryotic (70-S) ribosomes but not eukaryotic (80-S) ribosomes, leads to the question related to eukaryotic origins. The correct question that stems from this observation and an understanding of eukaryotic origins is:
C) If chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic ribosomes, should it not also inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes?
This question is rooted in the understanding that mitochondria, an organelle within eukaryotic cells, contain ribosomes that are very similar to prokaryotic ribosomes. Indeed, mitochondria have 70-S ribosomes, which chloramphenicol can inhibit, just as it does bacterial ribosomes. This is due to the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where it is thought that an ancestral eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic microorganism, which then became an endosymbiont, eventually evolving into today's mitochondria.
Chloramphenicol acts on the 50-S subunit of the ribosome, preventing the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis. This is how it exerts its antibiotic effect, by stopping the growth of the bacterial protein chain. However, the similarity in ribosome structure between prokaryotes and mitochondrial ribosomes means that chloramphenicol can also affect protein synthesis within mitochondria, leading to side effects such as reversible suppression of blood cell production and, in some cases, irreversible aplastic anemia.
The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material and many proteins. The interaction between these proteins and genetic material forms various structures.
Match each of the terms with the statement that describes the term:
Part A
a. protein
b. DNA
c. chromatin
d. histones
Part B
1. This series of nucleotides encodes proteins.
2. These proteins regulate transcription and modifications of genetic material.
3. This folded amino acid chain is genetically encoded and performs specific functions in the cell.
4. This substance is made up of fibers that are formed in the nucleus by supercoiling genetic material.
Answer:
Protein: 3. This folded amino acid chain is genetically encoded and performs specific functions in the cell.
DNA: 1. This series of nucleotides encodes proteins.
Chromatin: 4. This substance is made up of fibers that are formed in the nucleus by supercoiling genetic material.
Histones: 2. These proteins regulate transcription and modifications of genetic material.
Lizards and guinea pigs both eat the exact same type of kibble. If you're farming for meat, and you want to maximize the production of your farm, which animal is a better choice? (note for the geeky among you: They are also the same size and same surface area : volume ratio)
A. Lizards
B. Guinea pigs
If a person wants to maximize the production of their farm, the animal that is a better choice is Lizard. The correct option is A.
What is meat?The English word mete, which meant food in general, is where the word meat first appeared. The word is related to the words for "food" in Icelandic, and Faroese:, mat, and matur.
The most typical and ideal type of food to feed pigs is farm grains. Because they are cheap, low in fiber, and high in digestible carbohydrates, corn-based feeds are frequently used.
Some omnivorous lizards eat chopped fruits and vegetables (like banana, apples, pawpaw, pear, lettuce, and tomato) as well as clover, dandelion, mulberry leaves, milk thistle, and watercress.
Therefore, the correct option is A. Lizards. Due to their ability to regenerate, lizards.
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Which of the following statements about fluid movement is NOT correct?
a. Exchanges between plasma and interstitial fluid happen between capillary walls.
b. An exchange between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the cell membrane.
c. An exchange between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid occurs across the plasma membrane.
d. Under normal circumstances, lymph vessels help maintain fluid balance, especially between the plasma and the interstitial fluid.
The correct answer is b. An exchange between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the cell membrane.
Explanation:The correct answer is b. An exchange between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the cell membrane. This statement is not correct because the exchange of fluids between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the capillary walls. The plasma and the interstitial fluid exchange happens between capillary walls, and the interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid exchange occurs across the plasma membrane.
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Statement b is incorrect. The usual transfer route of substances between plasma and intracellular fluid is via the interstitial fluid, not directly across the cell membrane.
Explanation:The question asks which of the given statements about fluid movement is not correct. The choices given relate to how fluid exchanges occur in the body, particularly between plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. The structures involved in these exchanges are capillary walls, cell membranes, and plasma membranes. All of these statements are generally true, except for choice b. An exchange between the plasma and intracellular fluid does not occur across the cell membrane. The usual transfer route of substances between plasma and intracellular fluid is via the interstitial fluid, not directly across the cell membrane. Therefore, statement (b) is not correct.
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The pedigree shows the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the genotype of Steve and Sonya's son?
Answer:
The answer is pp
Explanation:
Steve and Sonya's son genotype is pp. Because an inheritance of autosomal recessive disorder is with recessive allele responsible for the exceptional phenotype. In this case, Steve and Sonya are both heterozygotes, Pp, which means they both have a p allele because each one gave the boy a p, contributing to affect his son. And since we are talking about inheritance of an autosomal disorder, we know that the parents phenotypic proportions are the same.
A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a
Answer:
The answer is spinal nerve
Explanation:
A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a spinal nerve.
Besides cells what other substances do connective tissues have
Answer:
Connective tissue is made up of three major components that are cells, ground substance, and fibers. The extracellular matrix is made up of fibers and ground substance.
Ground substance: It is a viscous fluid that is colorless and it fills the space present between cells and fibers. It acts as glue which helps in the attachment of cells to the matrix. This property is provided by proteoglycans and cell adhesion proteins.
Fibers: Fibers provide support and strength to the connective tissue. Three types of connective tissue fibers are Elastic fibers, collagen fibers, and reticular fiber.
Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Downregulation is a decrease in the receptors number on the surface of the target cells and make the cells less sensitive to external stimuli or hormone. An example is in type 2 diabetes wherein the insulin receptors can be downregulated. The self-induced loss of target cells receptors for insulin reduces the target cell's sensitivity to the elevated hormone concentration.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.
In order for Talia to leave her apartment, she must first carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and then put on white gloves to protect her hands from germs. Her behavior best illustrates syizletmptoms of___________.
Answer:
If this is about an illness I would think it is OCD
Explanation:
i think that because she is obsessively washing her hands and trying to protect herself. Hope this helps
Talia's behavior can be best illustrated by the symptoms of OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder).
What is OCD?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition in which individual have repeated, undesirable thoughts or behavior, which he or she feels the urge to do again and again, repeatedly. The main cause for this disorder is unknown. Some of the common behavioral patterns which are seen in the patients include frequent hand wash, repeatedly checking over things again and again, and excessive cleaning.
The solution to this problem is counselling and also use of some anti-depressants. Individuals with the OCD may also have other disorders. Tics disorder is the unwanted and repetitive movement which might occur in muscles of different body parts like involuntary recurring sound throat clearing.
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Candice experiences a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension. According to the DSM this disorder is called ________
Answer:
Generalized anxiety disorder
Explanation:
DMS defines generalized anxiety disorder as "a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension".
Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders, is characterized by excessive and exaggerated worry about life with no obvious reason, it can be triggered by a number of factors going from genetics, brain chemistry and stress. People with GAD can develop other anxiety disorders such as phobias or panic disorders, OCD, depression or substance abuse.
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Part A In addition to splicing, additional modifications at the 5' and 3' end are required to generate a mature mRNA. What is the significance of these modifications? See Section 17.2 (Page) . View Available Hint(s) In addition to splicing, additional modifications at the 5' and 3' end are required to generate a mature mRNA. What is the significance of these modifications? See Section 17.2 (Page) . These modifications allow the mRNA to be recognized by the protein synthesis machinery and protect it from degradation. These modifications are required so that the mRNA is retained in the nucleus. These modifications ensure that the mRNA is properly spliced. These modifications ensure that RNA polymerase recognizes the proper promoter sequence.
Answer:
The answer is these modifications allow the mRNA to be recognized by the protein synthesis machinery and protect it from degradation. The 5' cap and poly-A tail added to pre-mRNA complete the transformation to mature mRNA
Explanation:
These modifications allow the mRNA to be recognized by the protein synthesis machinery and protect it from degradation. The 5' cap and poly-A tail added to pre-mRNA complete the transformation to mature mRNA.
What type of foliation results from the parallel alignment of abundant, coarse-grained mica flakesa.Gneissic bandingb.Slaty cleavagec.Phyllitic structured.Schistosity
Answer:
d. Schistosity
Explanation:
Schistosity is a type of foliation that commonly involves schists and coarse-grained, crystalline metamorphic rocks such as mica. During schistosity of mica flakes, a schistose structure is formed, where the mineral grains are arranged in a parallel or planar manner. They take the form of splitting flakes or slabs that form along parallel planes.
A news article discussing the evolution of domestic dogs from wolves included this statement: "On its way from pack-hunting carnivore to fireside companion, dogs learned to love-or at least live on-wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes." What is more scientifically accurate way to state what happened with dogs?
A) Dogs were created at the same time as wolves.
B) Being around humans represented an advantage, so wolves were able to take advantage of that by changing their digestion to be able to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes.
C) Dogs mutated to be able to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes.
D) Some wolves may have had variants in their digestion that allowed them to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes and so were able to survive with humans.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
The studies done by the scientist led to the conclusion that the doges were evolved from the wolves,
The interaction of the wolves with humans became symbiotic around 10000-15000 years ago when the wolves in search of food changed themselves and adapted to survive with humans.
The studies on the genes of Dog shows that the gene responsible to digest carbohydrate called amylase starting duplicating in Wolves allowing them to digest carbohydrate cereals offered by humans. Their pancreatic enzymes also got modified to digest the carbohydrate-protein rich cereals.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
In transcription, _____.
a) RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA.
b) the promoter region acts as an initial binding site for mRNA
c) both DNA strands are used as the templates
d) a polypeptide is formed
Answer:
In transcription, RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA.
Explanation:
The process of transcription implies the formation of a mRNA. Is the first step to genetic expression, and it involves the making of a "copy" of the DNA in RNA. This process is performed by the enzyme RNA polymerase, that links the nucleotides to form the mRNA strand.
The incise b is false, the promoter region acts as a binding site to the RNA polimerase, not the mRNA.
The incise c is false, althoug there are genes in both DNA strands, they do not act simultaneously as templates.
The incise d is false, since the polypeptide formation is the TRANSLATION step, after transcription, according to the Central dogma of molecular biology.
Final answer:
In transcription, RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA using the DNA template. The promoter serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase, not mRNA. Only one DNA strand (the antisense or template strand) is used, and no polypeptide is formed during transcription; this occurs during translation.
Explanation:
During transcription, the process by which information encoded in DNA is used to make RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), there are several key steps and components involved. The enzyme RNA polymerase is central to this process.
It synthesizes RNA by using one of the strands of DNA, known as the antisense or template strand, to add complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA strand. So, in transcription, a) RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA. This is done at the 3' end of the growing RNA molecule.
The promoter region on the DNA acts as the initial binding site, not for mRNA, but for RNA polymerase, and hence option b) is incorrect. Furthermore, unlike DNA replication where both DNA strands may be used as templates at different points, in transcription, only one of the DNA strands is used as a template for RNA synthesis, which eliminates option c) as correct.
Lastly, translation, not transcription, is the process where polypeptides are formed, meaning option d) is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is a) RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA.
For what purpose(s) might a karyotype be prepared?
A. for prenatal screening, to determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes
B. to determine whether a fetus is male or female
C. to detect the possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions of part of a chromosome
D. a karotype could help with all of the listed procedures
A karyotype might be prepared to determine whether a fetus is male or female. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
The number of chromosomes that can be found in one cell of an organism is depicted in a karyotype, which is a visual representation of the information.
Karyotyping is a procedure that is used to prepare the karyotype of the organism, which is an essential component in the process of determining whether or not the organism has any chromosomal abnormalities.
The research of the genetic illness and the diagnosis of genetic disease are both made easier by the examination of the chromosomal abnormalities. During pregnancy, karyotyping is carried out, which makes it possible to get a better picture of the disease in a family with a medical history of genetic conditions.
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The correct option is D. A karyotype is prepared for prenatal screening, to determine the number of chromosomes, fetus is male or female & the possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities.
A karyotype is a powerful diagnostic tool used in genetics to analyze the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell, providing crucial information for various medical and clinical applications.
A. Prenatal Screening:
Purpose: To determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes.Example: Identifying conditions such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21).B. Sex Determination:
Purpose: To ascertain whether a fetus is male or female.Example: Detecting the presence of XX (female) or XY (male) chromosomes.C. Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities:
Purpose: To identify structural changes in chromosomes, such as deletions, duplications, or translocations.Example: Detecting deletions that may cause genetic disorders like cri-du-chat syndrome.By addressing these aspects, karyotyping provides comprehensive insights into chromosomal health and can guide medical decisions and interventions effectively.
Match the component of a nephron with its description. Cuboidal cells with tall microvilli Contains podocytes and filtration slits Portion just before the collecting tubule Contains descending and ascending limbs
Answer: check the table in the attachment for answer
Explanation:
Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in Hydra. sea stars. cnidarians. Planaria.
Answer:
Planaria.
Explanation:
The kingdom eukarys is divided into the different phyla including almost all the animals. The organism are classified on the basis of their level organisation, cavity and on the basis of coelom.
The cephalization is initial process for the deposition of nervous tissue in brain. The cephalization is absent in porifera and coelenterate. The planaria also known as flat worms shows the process of cephalization and this process becomes more complex in higher animals.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
What ratio is obtained when platinum foxes are interbred?
Answer:
A silver fur fox breeder found a platinum fur fox on his farm. When crossing this platinum fox with its silver foxes the offspring was always 1/2 platinum + 1/2 silver. When crossing platinum foxes with each other, get platinum and silver foxes in proportions 2/3 and 1/3 respectively. Indicates how many alleles of the gene that controls hair color are in the fox breeder's farm, their relationships and the genotypes of individuals.
As from the cross between platinum foxes both platinum and silver foxes are found we can deduce that the silver character is recessive (it is present in platinum foxes, but it does not manifest itself). The fact that the crossing between silver foxes produces a balanced offspring of platinum and silver foxes specifically tells us that platinum foxes are always heterozygous. This hybrid character of the platinum foxes would also explain why by crossing them with each other the ratio of 2: 3 instead of 3: 1 is obtained, the characteristic proportion obtained from the cross between heterozygous individuals for a character, since they are not counted homozygous individuals in the offspring (probably the gene responsible for platinum character is lethal in homozygosis). In this way the crosses indicated in the statement could be:
(pt + → platinum fur; pt → silver fur) pt + pt Platinum x ptpt Silver gametes pt + pt pt
pt + pt gametes
pt
pt + pt Platinum 1/2
ptpt Silver 1/2
pt + pt Platinum
x pt + pt Platinum gametes pt + pt pt + pt
pt + pt gametes
pt +
pt + pt + Platinum
pt + pt Platinum 1/3
pt
pt + pt Platinum 1/3
ptpt Silver 1/3
Describe these 4 major events: pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, cardiovascular transport & internal respiration. Which uses diffusion vs. bulk flow? Know the bulk flow equation. What determines resistance?
Answer:
-Pulmonary ventilation is commonly referred to as breathing
-External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air.
-Internal respiration occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells.
-cardiovascular transport is when Hormones are transported throughout the body via the blood's liquid plasma
A population of 1,000 birds exists on a small Pacific island. Some of the birds are yellow, a characteristic determined by a recessive allele. The others are green, a characteristic determined by a dominant allele. A hurricane on the island kills most of the birds from this population. Only 10 remain, and those birds all have yellow feathers. Which of the following statements is true?
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
Please see the attachment
A culture of Spirogyra (an autotrophic alga) is maintained in a water solution containing dissolved carbon dioxide and a source of phosphates but lacking nitrogen compounds. A researcher determines the rates of synthesis of several organic compounds found in the Spirogyra before and after several weeks in the water solution. Which of the following graphs best illustrates a likely result of the experiment?
a. Carbohydrates: same
b. Proteins: decrease
c. Lipids: same
d. Nucleic Acids: decrease
Answer:
b) Proteins: decrease
Explanation:
Out of all the biomolecules required for the survival of an organism, proteins and nucleic acids are the ones containing Nitrogen. In nucleic acids, the building blocks of DNA, nitrogen is present in the nitrogenous bases, which are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil. In the proteins, the amino acids contain the amine group or -NH₂ which forms the peptide bond (-NH-CO-) with a carboxylic group or -COOH of the next amino acid. As the culture of Spirogyra is being maintained, there would be no replication of DNA, which would have required nitrogen to synthesize the new DNA strand. But, to synthesize proteins, the RNA synthesis would require to happen which would also require nitrogen. Moreover, the formation of proteins after the translation of the mRNA would have also required Nitrogen. Thus, protein level in the cells would decrease.
The culture of Spirogyra in water solution lacking nitrogen will remain the same in carbohydrate and lipid production, but will decrease in protein and nucleic acid production due to the absence of nitrogen, an essential element in their synthesis.
Explanation:
The culture of Spirogyra, an autotrophic alga, is being maintained in a water solution that contains dissolved carbon dioxide and a source of phosphates but is devoid of nitrogen compounds. This particular set of nutrients affects the Spirogyra's ability to produce some types of organic molecules. Firstly, the production of carbohydrates is likely to remain the same, as Spirogyra uses carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates. Secondly, the protein level would decrease as nitrogen is essential for their synthesis. Without a source of nitrogen, Spirogyra cannot produce amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Thirdly, the level of lipids would remain the same since the synthesis of lipids mainly requires carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and does not rely heavily on nitrogen. Lastly, without nitrogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, would decrease due to the presence of nitrogen in their nitrogenous bases.
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In cross-pollination, pollen grains must get from one flower to another. What are some ways that this might happen?
Answer:
pollination by animal pollinators(zoophily)
wind(anemophily)
people themselves
water (hydrophily)
Explanation:
In cross-pollination, pollen grains move from one flower's anther to another's stigma, through wind, animals like bees and butterflies, or water, promoting genetic diversity.
In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower, supporting genetic diversity among plants. Several methods facilitate this process:
Wind: Pollen can be carried by wind to other flowers, common in plants with lightweight pollen.Animals: Numerous animals, including bees, butterflies, and birds, act as pollinators. They visit flowers to consume nectar or pollen and inadvertently transfer pollen in the process.Water: In some aquatic plants, water currents can transport pollen to facilitate cross-pollination.This diversity of pollination vectors ensures the widespread dispersion of pollen, increasing the genetic diversity and adaptability of plant species.
How is the role of the nucleus in a cell similar to the role of the captain on a sports team
Answer: the two are managers of thier operations.
Explanation:
Just as the Captain is the leader of entire vessels who controls all
operations, to ensure success of ship voyage, and management of the entire crew, the Nucleus is a double menbrane organelle who controls all cellular activities and store hereditary information as DNA. It directs the growth and reproduction of all other organelles in the cells.it is the the Brain of a cell,just like a captain is the Brain of a ship.
The Nucleus initiates the basic operations of DNA replications,translation and expression.Therefore it dictates when a new Organelle is formed,and how it will be formed; exactly how a Captain decides which crew member to hire of fire on board.
A ______ perspective would be most likely to focus on how the desire to accumulate capital and wealth leads to an attempt to reduce both human and environmental labor costs while expanding production and increasing inequality and environmental degradation.
Answer:
conflict
Explanation:
The conflict theory, proposed by Karl Marx, believes that because of the competitiveness for limited resources, society is in a state of constant conflict.
It argues that, rather than agreement and conformity, social order is maintained by domination and authority.
As per the theory of conflict, those with power and wealth attempt to hold on to it by any means possible, primarily by suppressing the poor and disadvantaged.
During the replication of DNA, __________.
a. only one strand of the molecule acts as a template
b. the reaction is catalyzed by RNA polymerase
c. both strands of a molecule act as templates
d. errors never occur
e. the cell undergoes mitosis
Answer:
The correct answer is c. both strands of a molecule act as templates.
Explanation:
DNA replication is a semi-conservative process which means that each strand of DNA acts as a template strand to synthesize the new DNA strand. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that helps in the production of new DNA strands by adding nucleotides at 3' end of the growing DNA stretch.
One DNA strand is called the leading strand and the other lagging strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously but lagging strands are synthesized in a discontinuous way.
So due to discontinuous replication of lagging strand small fragments of DNA are synthesized which are called Okazaki fragments. Then these fragments are sealed by ligase enzymes. So the correct answer is c.
Answer:
During the replication of DNA, both strands of the DNA molecule act as templates. This means that each strand serves as a guide for the creation of a new complementary strand.
DNA fingerprinting is based on regions of DNA that are variable between individuals. Many of these differences between individuals produce no change in phenotype. This type of mutation is a(n)
Answer:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Explanation:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) occur normally in the DNA (one in 1000) and they have no affect on the phenotype of the person. SNPs pattern is unique in every individual that is why DNA fingerprint is different in every individual.
Plants that if left to self pollinate produce offspring identical to themselves are called
Answer:
True-breeding plants.
Explanation:
The self pollination in plants that produces progeny with similar characteristics or traits is called True-breeding plant. The parent and progeny both are identical genetically in true-breeding plants. The alleles shared between both offspring and parental plant is also same. The homozygous alleles are present in such organisms. The presence of homozygous alleles mean both alleles are same thus resulting in similar characters. Thus, plants that if left to self pollinate produce offspring identical to themselves are called True-breeding plants.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is inherited as an X-linked recessive allele in humans. A woman whose father suffered from G6PD marries a man who has the disease. What proportion of their sons would have the disease?
Answer:
Half (1/2) of the sons or 50 %
Explanation:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans. It is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder. Let’s assume the gene “g” located on the X chromosome causes the (G6PD) deficiency disorder which will inherited by daughters from the affected father. One allele of the said gene on the X chromosome in female acts as carrier and the presence of the allele “g” on both the X chromosomes will cause G6PD disorder in female.
In the given question, the female whose father was affected with G6PD disorder is married to an affected male.
The genotype of the female would be "XgX". The genotype of the disordered male would be "XgY".
Therefore, marriage between carrier female and affected male would have 50% affected sons and 50% normal.