The function below takes two parameters: a string parameter: CSV_string and an integer index. This string parameter will hold a comma-separated collection of integers: '111,22,3333,4'. Complete the function to return the indexth value (counting from zero) from the comma-separated values as an integer. For example, your code should return 3333 (not '3333') if the example string is provided with an index value of 2. Hint: you should consider using the split() method and the int() function.

Complete Data:

Job No.          Devices Allocated       Maximum Required       Remaining Need

Job 1                          6                                        8                                    X

Job 2                          2                                        9                                    X

Job 3                          5                                        8                                    X

Job 4                          3                                         5                                   X    

Answer:

a) Number of available devices = 2

b) Remaining need for job 1 = 2

Remaining need for job 2 = 7

Remaining need for job 3 = 3

Remaining need for job 4 = 2

c) The system is safe

Explanation:

a) Calculate the number of available devices

Number of available devices = (Maximum number of devices) - (Total number of devices allocated)

Maximum number of devices  = 18

Total number of allocated devices = (6 + 2 + 5 + 3)

Total number of allocated devices = 16

Number of available devices = 18 - 16

Number of available devices = 2

b) Determine the remaining needs for each job in each system

Remaining needs = (Maximum Required - Number of devices allocated)

For Job 1

Remaining need = 8 - 6 = 2

For Job 2

Remaining need = 9 - 2 = 7

For Job 3

Remaining need = 8 - 5 = 3

For Job 4

Remaining need = 5 - 3 = 2

c) Determine whether the system is safe or unsafe

For the system to be safe, Need ≤ Available

Where New Available = Available + Allocation

For Job 1

Need = 2

Available devices = 2

2 ≤ 2   (Job 1 is safe)

New available = 2 + 6 = 8

For Job 2

Need = 7

Available devices = 8

7 ≤ 8   (Job 2 is safe)

New available = 2 + 8 = 10

For Job 3

Need = 3

Available devices = 10

3 ≤ 10   (Job 3 is safe)

New available = 5 + 10 = 15

For Job 4

Need = 2

Available devices = 15

2 ≤ 15   (Job 2 is safe)

New available = 3 + 15 = 18

Since all the jobs are safe, the system is safe

Answer:

Explanation:

Firstly we declare a function that will take two inputs, message and student list (Line 1).

In the function, we first print the message and the original input student list (Line 2 - 3). Next, we use sort method to sort the input list and then output the sorted items from the list using a for loop (Line 5-10).

Next, we sort the list again by setting reverse = True and this will sort the list in descending order (Line 13). Again we use the similar way mentioned above to output the sorted items (in descending order) using a for loop (Line 14 -17)

We test the function using a sample student list (Line 18) and we shall get the output:

Welcome to new semester!

['Aaron', 'Bernice', 'Cody']

Our students are currently in alphabetical order

-Aaron-Bernice-Cody

Our students are currently in reverse alphabetical order

-Cody-Bernice-Aaron

Answer:

Following are program to this question:

#include <stdio.h> //defining hader file  

struct PatientData //defining structure PatientData

{

  int heightInches, weightPounds; //defining integer variable

};

int main() //defining main method

{

struct PatientData pd= {63,115}; //creating structure object and assign value

printf("%d %d", pd.heightInches, pd.weightPounds); //print value

return 0;

}

Output:

63 115

Explanation:

The program to this question can be described as follows:

Answer:

See Explaination

Explanation:

def merge(listA, listB):

if not listA:

return listB

if not listB:

return listA

# create a empty resulting list(merged list)

result = []

# check the first elements of list listA, listB)

if(listA[0]<listB[0]):

# append the first element of listA to result

result.append(listA[0])

# use recursion to get remaning elements

# listA is now reduced to listA[1:]

result.extend(merge(listA[1:],listB))

else:

# append the first element of listB to result

result.append(listB[0])

# use recursion to get remaning elements

# listB is now reduced to listB[1:]

result.extend(merge(listA,listB[1:]))

# return the resultant list

return result

def largest_sum(xs, x, y):

# get number of rows and columns

m = len(xs[0])

n = len(xs)

# if move is invalid

if(x>=n or y>=m):

return 0

# check if we have reached boundary then return xs[x][y]

if(x==(n-1) and y==(m-1)):

return xs[x][y]

else:

# return max of two possible moves(leftmove, down move)

# move left (in this increment x)

left = xs[x][y] + largest_sum(xs,x+1,y)

# move down (in this increment y)

down = xs[x][y] + largest_sum(xs,x,y+1)

# return the maximum of two possible moves

if(left>down):

return left

else:

return down

# test code

print("Output for sample test cases given in problem:")

print(merge([1,2,3], [4,5,6]))

print(largest_sum([[1,2],[3,0]],0,0))

print(largest_sum([[5,6,1],[2,3,3]],0,0))

print(largest_sum([[0,7,5],[6,-1,4],[-5,5,2]],0,0))

print(largest_sum([[0,7,5],[6,-1,4],[-5,5,2]],1,1))

Answer: A. Uses third-party CA's to validate a users identity.

Explanation:

A digital certificate is a binding electronic document used in the exchange of messages between a sender and receiver across the internet. It is useful in validating the identities of all users so that none can deny either sending or receiving a message. It also offers some protection to the data sent and received.

Certification Authorities are recognized bodies who have the responsibility of ensuring the true identities of users. After achieving this they then issue a certificate that can serve as a guarantee. A public key is present in the certificate which only the true users can access.

These Certification Authorities would then confirm that the key and digital signature matches the identities of the users.

Answer:

uses third-party CAs to validate a user's identity.

Explanation:

Digital certificate is an electronic file which can be used to verify the identity of a party on the Internet. A digital certificate can be likened to an electronic passport of the internet.

It is issued by an organization called a certificate authority (CA).

A digital certificate system uses a trusted third party (certification authority), to validate a user's identity.

Answer:

Call microsoft

Explanation:

Exel Is My Worst Nightmare Just Call Microsoft "I'd Hope They'd Have A Answer For That"

The IF function allows the user to make logical comparison among values.

The formula to enter in cell 15 is: [tex]\mathbf{=IF(\$A\$4 > \$A\$3, "yes", "no")}[/tex]

The syntax of an Excel IF function is:

[tex]\mathbf{=IF (logical\_test, [value\_if\_true], [value\_if\_false])}[/tex]

Where:

From the question, the cells to compare are:

So, the IF function that compares both cells is:

[tex]\mathbf{=IF(A4 > A3, "yes", "no")}[/tex]

The above formula checks if A4 is greater than A3.

The question requires that the cells are referenced using absolute cell referencing.

This means that, we make use of the dollar sign ($), when writing the cells.

So, the correct formula is:

[tex]\mathbf{=IF(\$A\$4 > \$A\$3, "yes", "no")}[/tex]

Read more about Excel formulas at:

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Answer:

def select_short_strings(string_list):

   new_list = []

   for s in string_list:

       if len(s) < 20:

           new_list.append(s)

   return new_list

lst = ["apple", "I am learning Python and it is fun!", "I love programming, it is easy", "orange"]

print(select_short_strings(lst))

Explanation:

- Create a function called select_short_strings that takes one argument string_list

Inside the function:

- Initialize an empty list to hold the strings that are less than 20

- Inside the loop, check the strings inside string_list has a length that is smaller than 20. If found one, put it to the new_list.

- When the loop is done, return the new_list

- Create a list to check and call the function

Answer:

# the solution function is defined

# it takes a list as parameter

def solution(string_list):

# an empty new list is initialized

new_list = []

# a loop that loop through the splitted_list

# it checks if the length of each string is less than 20

# if it is less than 20

# it is attached to the new list

for each_string in string_list:

if(len(each_string) < 20):

new_list.append(each_string)

# the new list is printed

print(new_list)

# the function is called with a sample list

solution(["The", "player", "determined", "never", "compromised"])

Explanation:

The program is written in Python and it is well commented.

The DeckOfCards class manages a deck of 52 Card objects. It provides methods to shuffle, deal a card, report the number of cards left, and display the deck.

To implement the DeckOfCards class, we can utilize the Card class you created in Assignment 4 and add methods to manage a deck of cards. The UML Class diagram for DeckOfCards might look like:

+-----------------------------------+

|          DeckOfCards          |

+-----------------------------------+

| - cards: List<Card>           |

+-----------------------------------+

| + DeckOfCards()              |

| + shuffle()                         |

| + dealCard(): Card           |

| + cardsLeft(): int               |

| + toString(): String            |

+-----------------------------------+

The DeckOfCards class contains a List of Card objects, representing the deck. The constructor initializes the deck, and the shuffle method randomizes the order of cards. The dealCard method returns the top card and reduces the count of remaining cards. The cardsLeft method returns the count of remaining cards, and toString provides a string representation of the deck.

Here's a simplified implementation in Java:

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

public class DeckOfCards {

   private List<Card> cards;

   public DeckOfCards() {

       cards = new ArrayList<>();

       for (int suit = 1; suit <= 4; suit++) {

           for (int faceValue = 1; faceValue <= 13; faceValue++) {

               cards.add(new Card(suit, faceValue));

           }

       }

   }

   public void shuffle() {

       Collections.shuffle(cards);

   }

   public Card dealCard() {

       if (cards.isEmpty()) {

           return null; // Deck is empty

       }

       return cards.remove(0);

   }

   public int cardsLeft() {

       return cards.size();

   }

   public String toString() {

       StringBuilder deckString = new StringBuilder();

       for (Card card : cards) {

           deckString.append(card.toString()).append("\n");

       }

       return deckString.toString();

   }

}

For the driver class, you can create an instance of DeckOfCards, print the initial deck, shuffle it, and then deal and print each card from the shuffled deck.

The question probable maybe:

In Assignment 4, you created a Card class that represents a standard playing card. Use this to design and implement a class called DeckOfCards that stores 52 objects of the Card class. Include methods to shuffle the deck, deal a card, and report the number of cards left in the deck, and a toString to show the contents of the deck. The shuffle methods should assume a full deck. Document your design with a UML Class diagram. Create a separate driver class that first outputs the populated deck to prove it is complete, shuffles the deck, and then deals each card from a shuffled deck, displaying each card as it is dealt.

Hint: The constructor for DeckOfCards should have nested for loops for the face values (1 to 13) within the suit values (1 to 4). The shuffle method does not have to simulate how a deck is physically shuffled; you can achieve the same effect by repeatedly swapping pairs of cards chosen at random.

Answer:

a. see explaination

b. 0.632

Explanation:

Packet switching is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into packets. Packets are made of a header and a payload.

See attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.

The program which displays the number of positive and negative values inputted. The program written in python 3 goes thus :

pos_val = 0

#initialize a variable to hold the number of positive values

neg_val = 0

#initialize a variable to hold the number of negative values

sum = 0

#initialize a variable to hold the sum of all values

while True :

#A while loop is initiated

val = int(input("Enter integer values except 0 : "))

#prompts user for inputs

if val == 0 :

#checks if inputted value is 0

 break

#if True end the program

else :

#otherwise

 sum +=val

#add the value to the sum variable

 if val > 0 :

#checks if value is greater than 0

  pos_val += 1

#if true increase positive value counts by 1

 else :

  neg_val += 1

#if otherwise, increase negative value counts by 1

freq = float(pos_val + neg_val )

#calculates total number of values

print('The number of positive values is = ', pos_val)

#display number of positive values

print('The number of negative values is = ', neg_val)

#display number of negative values

print('The total sum of values is = ', sum)#display the total sum

print('The average is {:.2f}' .format((sum))

#display the average of the inputs

Learn more : https://brainly.com/question/19323897

The program reads integers from the user until 0 is entered, counts positive and negative values, calculates total and average (excluding zeros), and outputs the results.

Here's the Python program that meets the requirements:

positives = 0

negatives = 0

total = 0

count = 0

# Loop to read integers from user

while True:

   num = int(input("Enter an integer, the input ends if it is 0: "))    

   # Check if the input is 0 to end the loop

   if num == 0:

       break    

   # Increment counters based on positive/negative values

   if num > 0:

       positives += 1

   elif num < 0:

       negatives += 1    

   # Add non-zero input to total and increment count

   if num != 0:

       total += num

       count += 1

# Calculate average (excluding zeros)

if count != 0:

   average = total / count

else:

   average = 0

# Output results

print("The number of positives is", positives)

print("The number of negatives is", negatives)

print("The total is", total)

print("The average is {:.2f}".format(average))

This program meets the requirements specified in the prompt and terminates when the user enters 0.

Answer:

Replace/* Your code goes here */ with

for(int count = 0; count<4; count++)

{

if(keysList[count] > 40)

{

cout<<itemsList[count]<<" ";

}

}

Explanation;

The solution provides used an iteration to loop from the first toll the last.

The index of an array starts at 0

The index of the last element is calculated as total element - 1

Since the count of the array is 4, the last index is 4 - 1 = 3.

In the solution provides, a count integer variable is declared to iterate through the keysList array

Each element of keysList array is tested to know if it's greater than 40.

If yes the corresponding element in itemsList is printed followed by a space

Else

Nothing is done

The codes segment goes thus

for(int count = 0; count<4; count++)

{

if(keysList[count] > 40)

{

cout<<itemsList[count]<<" ";

}

}

Answer:

see explaination

Explanation:

class Taxicab():

def __init__(self, x, y):

self.x_coordinate = x

self.y_coordinate = y

self.odometer = 0

def get_x_coord(self):

return self.x_coordinate

def get_y_coord(self):

return self.y_coordinate

def get_odometer(self):

return self.odometer

def move_x(self, distance):

self.x_coordinate += distance

# add the absolute distance to odometer

self.odometer += abs(distance)

def move_y(self, distance):

self.y_coordinate += distance

# add the absolute distance to odometer

self.odometer += abs(distance)

cab = Taxicab(5,-8)

cab.move_x(3)

cab.move_y(-4)

cab.move_x(-1)

print(cab.odometer) # will print 8 3+4+1 = 8

Final answer:

The Taxicab class in Python should have private data members for x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and the odometer. It includes an initializer, get methods for each data member, and methods to move the taxicab horizontally and vertically, updating the odometer with each movement.

Explanation:

The student's question pertains to writing a Python class named Taxicab which models a taxicab's movements and odometer readings. To implement this, you would define the class with private data members for the x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and odometer reading. The odometer should track the total distance driven rather than the Euclidean distance from the start point. The class should have an init method to initialize these values, where the x and y coordinates are set by provided parameters and the odometer starts at zero. Additionally, there should be get methods for each of these private data members to allow access to their values. Movement methods move_x and move_y should be implemented to handle horizontal and vertical movements, respectively, and the odometer should be updated accordingly based on the magnitude of the movement.

Answer:

see explaination

Explanation:

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

//function declarations

char PrintMenu(string& userString);

int GetNumOfNonWSCharacters(const string userString);

int GetNumOfWords(const string userString);

int FindText(const string& userString, const string& findString);

void ReplaceExclamation(string& periodString);

void ShortenSpace(string& shortenedString);

char menuChoice;

int main()

{

string userString;

cout << "Enter a sample text: ";

getline(cin, userString);

cout << endl << endl << "You entered: " << userString << endl;

PrintMenu(userString);

while (menuChoice != 'q')

{

PrintMenu(userString);

}

// system("pause");

return 0;

}

char PrintMenu(string& userString)

{

cout << "MENU" << endl;

cout << "c - Number of non-whitespace characters" << endl;

cout << "w - Number of words" << endl;

cout << "f - Find text" << endl;

cout << "r - Replace all !'s" << endl;

cout << "s - Shorten spaces" << endl;

cout << "q - Quit" << endl << endl;

cout << "Choose an option: " << endl;

cin >> menuChoice;

while ((menuChoice != 'c') && (menuChoice != 'w') && (menuChoice != 'f') && (menuChoice != 'r') && (menuChoice != 's') && (menuChoice != 'q'))

{

cout << "MENU" << endl;

cout << "c - Number of non-whitespace characters" << endl;

cout << "w - Number of words" << endl;

cout << "f - Find text" << endl;

cout << "r - Replace all !'s" << endl;

cout << "s - Shorten spaces" << endl;

cout << "q - Quit" << endl << endl;

cout << "Choose an option: " << endl;

cin >> menuChoice;

}

if (menuChoice == 'c')

{

cout << "Number of non-whitespace characters: " << GetNumOfNonWSCharacters(userString) << endl << endl;

}

else if (menuChoice == 'w')

{

cout << "Number of words: " << GetNumOfWords(userString) << endl << endl;

}

else if (menuChoice == 'f')

{

string stringFind;

cin.clear();

cin.ignore(20, '\n');

cout << "Enter a word or phrase to be found: " << endl;

getline(cin, stringFind);

cout << "\"" << stringFind << "\"" << " instances: " << FindText(userString, stringFind) << endl;

}

else if (menuChoice == 'r')

{

cout << "Edited text: ";

ReplaceExclamation(userString);

cout << userString << endl << endl;

}

else if (menuChoice == 's')

{

ShortenSpace(userString);

cout << "Edited text: " << userString << endl;

}

return menuChoice;

}

int GetNumOfNonWSCharacters(const string userString)

{

int numCharNotWhiteSpace = 0;

for (size_t i = 0; i < userString.size(); i++)

{

if (!isspace(userString.at(i)))

{

numCharNotWhiteSpace += 1;

}

}

return numCharNotWhiteSpace;

}

int GetNumOfWords(const string userString)

{

int numWords = 1;

for (size_t i = 0; i < userString.size(); i++)

{

if (isspace(userString.at(i)) && !isspace(userString.at(i + 1)))

{

numWords += 1;

}

}

return numWords;

}

int FindText(const string& userString, const string& findString)

{

int numInstance = 0;

int indx = 0;

string editedString;

editedString = userString;

while (editedString.find(findString) != string::npos)

{

numInstance++;

indx = editedString.find(findString);

editedString = editedString.substr(indx + findString.length(), (editedString.length() - 1));

}

return numInstance;

}

void ReplaceExclamation(string& periodString)

{

for (size_t i = 0; i < periodString.size(); i++)

{

if (periodString.at(i) == '!')

{

periodString.at(i) = '.';

}

}

}

void ShortenSpace(string& shortenedString)

{

for (size_t i = 0; i < shortenedString.size(); i++)

{

if (isspace(shortenedString.at(i)) && !isalpha(shortenedString.at(i + 1)))

{

shortenedString.erase(i, 1);

}

}

}

The following code will be used to calculate the given requirement.

Explanation:

This function will return string containing an HTML unordered list with each of in_list strings as a list item

def make_html_unordered_list(in_list):

   result = '<ul>\n'

   for item in in_list:

       result += '<li>' + item + '</li>\n'

   return result + '</ul>'

# Testing the function here. ignore/remove the code below if not required

print(make_html_unordered_list(['CS 105', 'CS 125', 'IS 206']))

Note: The only whitespace that is important is those contained in the given strings.

The program is an illustration of loops.

Loops are used to perform repetitive and iterative operations.

The function in Python where comments are used to explain each line s as follows:

#This defines the function

def make_html_unordered_list(in_list):

   #This creates the opening tag of an HTML unordered list

   result = '<ul>\n'

   #This iterates through the list

   for item in in_list:

       #This creates the unordered list, without the last closing tag

       result += '<li>' + item + '</li>\n'

   #This returns the unordered list, with the last closing tag

  return result + '</ul>'

Read more about similar programs at:

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Answer:

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

product = 1

while number > 0:

   digit = number % 10

   number -= digit

   number /= 10

   product *= digit

print(int(product))

Explanation:

*The code is in Python

Ask the user for an integer

Initialize the product variable that will hold the multiplication of the digits

Initialize a while loop that iterates until number is greater than 0

To find the digit of a number, use number modulo 10. Then subtract the result from the number and divide the new number by 10.

Multiply each digit and hold the value in the product

When the loop is done, print the product

Answer:

MyString= input('Enter string: ')

string_capitalize(MyString)

print(MyString)

def string_capitalize(str):

        str= str.capitalize()

        return str

Explanation:

This python code is learnt to access string value from users and capitalize all characters in the beginning of each sentence.

Answer:

See the attached file for the answers

Explanation:

Find attached for the explanation

Amnswer:

Exposure of kids to unwanted pages, poor power system and refusal to backup works are some of the risk analysts

Explanation:

RISK ANALYSIS

1. Kids access to unwanted pages and sites if online are a big risk to private information and exposure to threat from hackers and information scammers

2. Poor power system results in an abrupt shutdown of system which is not encouraged. This is commonly responsible for system breakdown and other malfunctioning of the system

3. Lack of backup structure when not put in place are a very good avenue to home network risk which could have a very harmful effect to the home network activities.

DISASTER RECOVERY PLANS

1. Establish a system recovery and restore plans that could help you roll back actions when there is a system error that prevents the network from booting or starting up.

2. Establish a system restriction plan on your home network when kids and children are involved in it usage else vital information and configurations could be hampered. Focus in this context should also be geared towards website control system and constant system monitoring structure.

3. Power backup plans must include setting up a steady power source which should serve as alternatives to inconsistent power outage, irregular power supply and possible related issues. Such power structure should be able to mitigate for any network activities that requires a long time to backup

4. Other home network activities that requires consistent and constant backup should be done through external storage devices and through on line drives in order to ensure that document are not lost when emergency breakdown occurs.

SYSTEM ANTIVIRUS AND ANTI SPYWARES

From research some of the most used antivirus with spyware's features that has been largely used both online band offline include;

1. The Norton 360

2. Norton security

3. Avast

4. Avira ad lots more.

Answer:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StrictlyIdentical

{

public static void main(String[] args) {

 Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

 int[] list1 = new int[5];

 int[] list2 = new int[5];

 System.out.println("Enter the numbers for list1: ");

 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {

        list1[i] = input.nextInt();

    }

    System.out.println("Enter the numbers for list2: ");

    for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {

        list2[i] = input.nextInt();

    }

 if (equals(list1, list2))

     System.out.println("the lists are strictly identical.");

 else

     System.out.println("the two lists are not strictly identical.");

}

public static boolean equals(int[] array1, int[] array2) {

    boolean isIdentical = true;

    for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {

        if (array1[i] != array2[i])

            isIdentical = false;

    }

    return isIdentical;

}

}

Explanation:

Create a function called equals that takes two parameters, array1, and array2

Initialize the isIdentical as true, this will be our control variable to change its value if two arrays are not identical

Create a for loop that iterates through the arrays. If corresponding elements of the arrays are not equal, set isIdentical as false.

When the loop is done, return the isIdentical

Inside the main:

Declare two arrays

Ask the user to enter numbers for the arrays using for loop

Check if two arrays are identical using the equal function. Print the appropriate message

Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) can be described as a data structures snapshot. An Entity Relationship Diagram reveals entities (tables) in a database and the relationships among tables that are within that database. For a perfect database design it is important to have an Entity Relationship Diagram.

The below diagram is the solution to the question above.

A diver's score in diving is calculated by taking the middle five scores from judges, summing them up, multiplying by the dive's degree of difficulty, and then multiplying by 0.6. A computer program designed to calculate these scores would need to incorporate methods for each step of this process.

The sport of diving involves judges awarding scores to divers based on their performance. To calculate a diver's score, a computer program must follow these steps:

This scoring system ensures that outliers do not disproportionately affect the diver's score and that the degree of difficulty is appropriately factored into the final score, producing a fair assessment of the performance. The computer program must include methods to perform each of these tasks, ensuring accurate point tallies and final calculations for each dive.

A student seeks help with assembly programming to create a procedure generating random strings of capital letters. The procedure must handle varying lengths and return a pointer to the generated string. The driver program calls this procedure multiple times to output different strings.

The student's question relates to the field of assembly programming and specifically deals with creating a procedure that generates a random string. The procedure CreateRandomString receives the length of the string in the EAX register and returns a pointer to the string in the ESI register. The driver program calls this procedure 20 times to generate random strings with lengths varying between 1 and 100 characters, using uppercase ASCII character codes (65-90).To implement this in assembly, pseudocode for the CreateRandomString procedure would set up the loop to iterate L times, each time generating a random number within the range of uppercase letter ASCII codes and storing it in the resulting array. After the string is crafted, the pointer to this array is placed in the ESI register for the calling program to use. The calling or driver program uses a loop to generate 20 such strings, each time generating a new length at random from 1 to 100, then calling CreateRandomString and outputting the result to the console.

This response translates a C++ function to MIPS assembly language, detailing each MIPS instruction with comments and explanations. The step-by-step process converts high-level constructs like loops and conditions into MIPS equivalents. Detailed MIPS code is provided and explained for better understanding.

Translation of C++ Program to MIPS Assembly

The provided C++ function performs an operation on an array, and we will convert each instruction to its MIPS equivalent.

C++ Code:

#include  using namespace std;

void myfunction(int arr[], int n)

{ int writes = 0;

for(int start = 0; start <= n-2; start++)

{ int item = arr[start];

int pos = start;

for(int i = start+1; i < n; i++)

if (arr[i] < item) pos++;

// ... for swapping and updating ... }}

MIPS Assembly Code:

# Comment: function myfunction(int arr[], int n) defined start:

# Commentary on each variable:

# arr = $a0 (base address of the array)

# n = $a1 (number of elements in array)

# writes = $s0

# start = $s1

# item = $s2

# pos = $s3

# i = $s4

# Clear writes variable to 0 li $s0, 0

# Outer loop for start = 0 to n-2 outer_loop: move $s1, $zero

# initialize start move $s1, $t0

# copy start from $t0

# Check condition start <= n-2: sub $t2, $a1, 2 ble $s1, $t2, continue_outer_loop j end_of_program continue_outer_loop:

# int item = arr[start] sll $t1, $s1, 2

# start * 4 add $t3, $a0, $t1

# arr[start] lw $s2, 0($t3)

# item = arr[start]

# int pos = start move $s3, $s1

# pos = start

# Inner loop for(int i = start+1; i < n; i++) inner_loop: add $s4, $s1, 1

# i = start + 1 move $t4, $a1

# $t4 = n ble $s4, $t4, continue_inner_loop j update_outer_loop continue_inner_loop:

# if (arr[i] < item) lw $t5, 0($t3)

# arr[i] blt $t5, $s2, increment_pos j end_inner_loop increment_pos: add $s3, $s3, 1

# pos++ end_inner_loop: j inner_loop update_outer_loop:

# ... code for swapping and updating ... j outer_loop end_of_program:

Here are the detailed explanations for each MIPS instruction:

li $s0, 0: Initialize counter 'writes' to 0.

move $s1, $zero: Initialize 'start' to 0.

sll $t1, $s1, 2: Calculate memory offset for arr[start] (start*4).

add $t3, $a0, $t1: Get the address of arr[start].

lw $s2, 0($t3): Load value of arr[start] into 'item'.

move $s3, $s1: Initialize 'pos' with 'start'.

add $s4, $s1, 1: Set 'i' to start+1.

blt $t5, $s2,: Compare arr[i] with 'item'.

add $s3, $s3, 1: Increment 'pos' if arr[i] is less than 'item'.

Final answer:

To encrypt the plaintext message, Bob uses Alice's public key and a random element. The ciphertext is obtained by multiplying the plaintext message with the public key. To decrypt the ciphertext, Alice uses her private key by multiplying the ciphertext with the private key polynomial and reducing modulo p.

Explanation:

To encrypt the plaintext message, Bob needs to use Alice's public key along with a random element. The ciphertext is obtained by multiplying the plaintext message with the public key. In this case, the plaintext message m(x)= 1+ X − X2 − X3 − X6 and the random element r(x) = −1 + X2 − X5 + X6. By multiplying these polynomials, Bob obtains the ciphertext c(x)= -1 - X - X^2 + 4X^3 + 8X^4 - 5X^5 - 30X^6 + 5X^7 - 6X^9 - 3X^10 + 8X^11 + 13X^12 + 2X^13 - 6X^14 + 26X^15 - 16X^16.

To decrypt the ciphertext, Alice uses her private key. She multiplies the ciphertext with her private key polynomial and reduces modulo p, resulting in the decrypted message. The private key polynomial for Alice is f(x) = −1 + X − X2 + X4 + X6. By multiplying the ciphertext c(x) with the private key polynomial f(x) modulo 3, the decrypted message is obtained: d(x)= 1+ X − X2 − X3 − X6.

Answer:

def test_prime(n):

   if (n==1):

       return False

   elif (n==2):

       return True;

   else:

       for x in range(2,n):

           if(n % x==0):

               return False

       return True              

print(test_prime(9))

Final answer:

The Python functions isPrime(number), HowManyPrimes(P), and HighestPrime(K) are used to check if a number is prime, count how many prime numbers are less than P, and find the highest prime number — respectively.

Explanation:

To determine if an integer number is prime, you can write a Python function isPrime(number). A simple way to do this is to check whether the number has any divisors other than 1 and itself. Here's a possible implementation:

def isPrime(number):
   if number <= 1:
       return False
   for i in range(2, int(number**0.5) + 1):
       if number % i == 0:
           return False
   return True

The function HowManyPrimes(P) can be written to count the number of prime numbers less than an integer P. Here is a function that uses isPrime to do that:

def HowManyPrimes(P):
   count = 0
   for number in range(2, P):
       if isPrime(number):
           count += 1
   return count

To find the highest prime number that is less than or equal to a given integer K, you can create the function HighestPrime(K):

def HighestPrime(K):
   for number in range(K, 1, -1):
       if isPrime(number):
           return number
   return None

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

Given that:

Consider the MIPS assembly language code segment given below.

I1: addi $s3, $s2, 5

I2: sub $s1, $s3, $s4

I3: add $s3, $s3, $s1

I4: Iw $s2, 0($s3)

I5: sub $s2, $s2, $s4

I6: sw $s2, 200($s3)

I7: add $s2, $s2, $s4

(a) Identify the data dependency in the following code:

RAW - Read after write: This dependency occurs when instruction I2 tries to read register before instruction I1 writes it.

WAW - Write after write: This dependency occurs when instruction I2 tries to write register before instruction I1 writes it

• Read after write (RAW)

I1: addi $s3, $s2, 5

I2: sub $s1, $s3, $s4

• Read after write (RAW)

I2: sub $s1, $s3, $s4

I3: add $s3, $s3, $s1

• Write after write (WAW)

I4: lw $s2, 0($s3)

I5: sub $s2, $s2, $s4

• Read after write (RAW)

I5: sub $s2, $s2, $s4

I6: sw $s2, 200($s3)

(b) Data hazards which can be solved by forwarding:

(1) Read after write (RAW)

I1: addi $s3, $s2, 5

I2: sub $s1, $s3, $s4

addi $s3, $s2,5 IF ID EXE MEM WB

sub $51, $s3, $s4 IF ID EXE MEM WB

(2) Read after write (RAW)

I2: sub $s1, $s3, $s4

I3: add $s3, $s3, $s1

sub $51, $s3. $54 IF | ID EXE |MEM WB

add $s3, $s3, $s1 IF | ID EXE | MEM | WB

(3) Read after write (RAW)

I5: sub $s2, $s2, $s4

I6: sw $s2, 200($s3)

sub $52, $s2, $54 IF ID |EXE MEM | WB

sw $52, 200($s3) IF ID EXE MEM WB

(c) Data hazards which can lead to pipeline stall:

• Write after write (WAW)

I4: lw $s2, 0($s3)

I5: sub $s2, $s2, $s4

lw $s2, 0($s3) IF ID EXE MEM WB

sub $s2, $s2, $s4 IF ID Stall EXE | MEM | WB

Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

#include<stdio.h>

/*Function to return max sum such that no two elements

are adjacent */

int FindMaxSum(int arr[], int n)

{

 int incl = arr[0];

 int excl = 0;

 int excl_new;

 int i;

 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)

 {

    /* current max excluding i */

    excl_new = (incl > excl)? incl: excl;

    /* current max including i */

    incl = excl + arr[i];

    excl = excl_new;

 }

  /* return max of incl and excl */

  return ((incl > excl)? incl : excl);

}

/* Driver program to test above function */

int main()

{

 int arr[] = {5, 5, 10, 100, 10, 5};

 printf("%d \n", FindMaxSum(arr, 6));

 getchar();

 return 0;

}

Answer:

The complete work sheet is attached, also use these formulas below for more guidance:

E13 =IF(C13="No",$F$2,$F$4) copy down to E18

F13 =VLOOKUP(B13,$A$7:$B$10,2,0)*$B$5 copy down to F18

H13 =SUM(D13:G13) copy down to H18

I2 =AVERAGE(H13:H18)

I3 =MIN(H13:H18)

I4 =MAX(H13:H18)

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

int main()

{

FILE *fp;

char section[10][2], score[10][10],buf[10][4], buf1[4];

int i=0, j = 0, k = 0, l = 0, c1 = 0, c2 = 0, c3 = 0, sec;

float avg1 = 0 ,avg2 = 0, avg3 = 0 ,avg[3] ,max;

fp = fopen("scores.dat","r");

/* read data from scores.dat file and store into buf */

while(fscanf(fp, "%s", buf[i++])!=EOF);

/* separate scores and sections */

for(j=1; j<i; j++){

if(j%2!=0){

strcpy(section[k++], buf[j-1]);

}

else{

strcpy(score[l++], buf[j-1]);

}

}

/* calculate avgerage */

for(i=0;i<7;i++){

if(strcmp(section[i], "1")){

avg1 = avg1 + atof(score[i]);

c1++;

}

if(strcmp(section[i], "2")){

avg2 = avg2 + atof(score[i]);

c2++;

}

if(strcmp(section[i], "1")){

avg3 = avg3 + atof(score[i]);

c3++;

}

}

avg[0] = avg1/c1;

avg[1] = avg2/c2;

avg[2] = avg3/c3;

max = avg[0];

for(i=0;i<3; i++)

if(avg[i] > max){

max = avg[i];

sec = i;

}

printf("Sectrion 1 Avg: %f\nSection 2 Avg: %f\nSection 3 Avg: %f\nHighest Avg by:Section %s\n",avg[0],avg[1],avg[2],section[sec]);

}

Answer:

1. Repetition control flow

3. Accessing the elements of a row in a 2D array that is heap allocated as an array of arrays

Explanation:

1. Elements in 1D memory are stored in contiguous memory location thus it follows spatial locality. ( RIGHT OPTION)

2. Binary search in an array does not follow spatial locality because the elements in an array with the binary search are not accessed in a contiguous manner but in a non-contiguous manner. HENCE IT IS NOT RIGHT OPTION

3. Sequencing control also follows spatial locality ( RIGHT OPTION)

Answer:

In daily routine I use different physical storage media such as Hard disk drive, USB (Flash Memory). Data can be accesses through these devices at the speed of up to 100 Mbps and 1 Mbps respectively.

Explanation:

There are different storage media that we can use to transfer data between different computer devices or store data permanently such as hard disk drive, floppy disk, optical storage devices (CD and DVD), USB (Flash Memory) and SD Cards. These storage medias have different purpose and different applications of use. All these devices works on different accessing speed of data.

In my daily routine, I usually use Hard disk drive for permanent storage of my important data and USB device for transferring data between different device or to keep data temporarily. Hard disk drives are available in terabyte size now a days while USB drives are available in the range 32 to 64 GB. Hard disk drive has data accessing speed of up to 100 Mbps and USB drive has almost speed of up to 1 Mbps to access data.