Answer:
Other manifestations of Cushing syndrome are weight gain, purple stretch marks on the arms, thigh, breasts and abdomen.
Thinning skin, Acne, Muscle weakness, Fatigue and Skin injuries that are slow in healing.
Explanation:
Cushing syndrome is also known as hypercortisolism, and it occurs because of abnormal high levels of the hormone cortisol.
This hormone may be produced in the body due to malnutrition, alcoholism, depression and use of medication, Corticosteroids.
Which of the following environmental conditions would be MOST likely to result in transcription of the lac
operon in an E. coli cell?
A
low levels of lactose and high levels of glucose
B high levels of lactose and high levels of cyclic AMP
C
ow levels of lactose and low levels of cyclic AMP
D
high levels of lactose and high levels of glucose
Answer:
The correct answer is B high levels of lactose and high levels of cyclic AMP.
Explanation:
Lac operon contain 3 regulatory genes and 3 structural genes.In presence of lactose the repressor molecule that is encoded by Lac I gene cannot bound to the operator region.
Bacause the lactose interact with the repressor and change its conformation so that it cannot repress the expression of the structural genes of lac operon.
On the other hand cyclic AMP is a positive regulator of lac operon .The interaction of cyclic AMP with the promoter region of lac operon stimulates the binding of RNA polymerase in the promoter region to boost the expression of structural genes of lac operon such as Lac Z,Lac Y and Lac A.
Answer:
B. high levels of lactose and high levels of cyclic AMP
Explanation:
Just wanted to confirm. The explanation above me is correct.
In a particular environment there is plenty of food, water, cover, and space to support a large population of pheasants, but a larger quantity of predators are introduced. The predators become the _______ for pheasants in that environment.a. carrying capacity.b. abiotic factor.c. limiting factor.d. biotic factor
Answer:
c. limiting factor.
Explanation:
The limiting factors are environmental or ecological factors that act directly on the living beings of a population, limiting their size, since these factors determine their birth, mortality, migrations, etc. They are the ones that regulate the growth and expansion of a species.
If environmental factors are optimal for the development of a living being, they favor the growth of that organism in that biotope. But if any of these factors prevents the growth of a species, there is talk of a limiting factor.
Among these physical and chemical factors that determine the biotope include:
- Abiotic factors (do not depend on population density):
Climate:
Light. Only the most superficial organisms access it in water. On land, there is also competition in leafy areas to access it.
Temperature. Some living beings cannot live at the temperature that others live.
Water: It is necessary that it rains or that living beings can access water in order to live. If there is no water, they die.
Atmospheric pressure.
Non-climatic:
Soil factors: The chemical composition of the soil, its pH, salinity, etc. It makes some plant species may or may not survive in it.
Factors of the aquatic environment: The concentration of O2, dissolved CO2, the degree of salinity, the existence of currents, etc., limits the development of some organisms.
- Biotic factors (depend on population density):
Food. If they do not have enough food, the population will have to be smaller.
Interspecific relationships. The number of predators limits the number of prey, and vice versa.
Intraspecific relationships. The relationships established between individuals of the same species can also limit their existence.
Answer:its c
Explanation: on edg
Which regulatory sequences are bound by activator proteins and associated coactivator proteins to form a protein "bridge" that bends the DNA and links the complete initiation complex at the promoter to the activator-coactivator complex, ultimately causing an increase in transcription?
Answer:
The answer is the Enhancer
Explanation:
Because Enhancer sequences bind specific proteins that interact with the proteins bound at gene promoters, and together promoters and enhancers drive transcription of certain genes.
Final answer:
The regulatory sequences bound by activator proteins and associated coactivator proteins to form a protein "bridge" that bends the DNA and links the complete initiation complex at the promoter to the activator-coactivator complex are called enhancer sequences.
Explanation:
The regulatory sequences bound by activator proteins and associated coactivator proteins to form a protein "bridge" that bends the DNA and links the complete initiation complex at the promoter to the activator-coactivator complex are called enhancer sequences. Enhancer sequences are binding sites for transcription factors. When activator proteins bind to the enhancer sequences, they change shape and are able to interact with proteins at the promoter site. DNA bending proteins help to bend the DNA and bring the enhancer and promoter regions together, ultimately causing an increase in transcription.
Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is
Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because it is necessary for cellular respiration, the process by which organisms produce energy. By measuring the amount of oxygen consumed, we can estimate an organism's metabolic rate. This is especially important in biology and can be applied to different organisms.
Explanation:Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate in organisms. This is because oxygen is necessary for the process of cellular respiration, which is how organisms produce energy. By measuring the amount of oxygen consumed, we can estimate how much energy an organism is using and thus determine its metabolic rate. For example, a person who is exercising will have a higher metabolic rate and therefore consume more oxygen compared to someone who is resting.
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Oxygen consumption is a measure of metabolic rate because it's involved in cellular respiration, where energy is produced from oxygen and nutrients.
Oxygen consumption is a reliable indicator of metabolic rate due to its central role in cellular respiration. During this vital process, organic molecules, such as glucose, are oxidized in cells to generate energy in the form of ATP. Oxygen is a critical component of these chemical reactions, serving as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the production of ATP. As metabolic activity increases, the demand for oxygen rises to support higher energy production. Thus, measuring the rate of oxygen consumption provides valuable insights into the metabolic intensity of an organism, its energy requirements, and overall health. It's a widely used tool in physiology and biology to assess metabolic rates in various species and study their adaptations.
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Bryophytes, ferns, and fern allies all require ________ for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells ________.A) dry conditions; must be dry before they fertilize egg cellsB) pollinators; depend on animals for distributionC) surface water; swim to the egg cellD) wind currents; depend on wind for gamete distributionE) None of these choices are correct.
Answer: option C
Bryophtes, ferns and ferns allies require surface water to swim to the egg cell.
Explanation:
Bryophytes are Nonflowering and seed producing group of plants. They are found in moist habitats and are small. Bryophtes consist of ferns, mossess, liverworts and hornworts. In the gametophyte life cycle which is responsible for producing gametes for sexual reproduction, the flagellated sperm is produce in the antheridia through meiosis.and the non motile egg is produced in the structure called archegonia through meiosis. The flagellated sperm swim in the water to non motile egg to fertile the egg and produce a zygote. This zygote into a sporophyte.
Bryophytes, ferns, and fern allies all require surface water for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells swim to the egg cell. The correct option is C).
What are bryophytes?Bryophytes are a type of non-flowering plants that also produce seeds. They are tiny and live in wet environments. Liverworts, hornworts, ferns, and mosses make up bryophtes.
The flagellated sperm is produced in the antheridia during meiosis as part of the gametophyte life cycle, which is in charge of creating gametes for sexual reproduction. And meiosis occurs in the archegonia, a structure where the non-motile egg is created.
In order to fertilize the non-motile egg and create a zygote, the flagellated sperm swim in the water to the egg. Sporophyte formed from this zygote.
Therefore, the correct option is C) surface water; swim to the egg cell.
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The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that is responsible for satiety
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Basically, hypothalamus is the part of the brain that in responsible for controlling hunger and appetite. The hunger hormone stimulate intake of food and appetite.
Ventromedial Nuclei in the hypothalamus causes feeling of satiety at the brain level. It is responsible for controlling the regulation of eating by giving “stop eating” signals. While the signals for “starting eating” is given by lateral hypothalamus
Hence, the given statement is false
Neurons are classified functionally according to the direction the action potential travels relative to the ____________ . Afferent neurons are the neurons of the sensory nervous system. They are responsible for conducting ____________ input from both somatic sensory and visceral sensory receptors.
Answer:
CNS, sensory.
Explanation:
Neurons is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The nervous system is divided into two main parts - central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
The central nervous system constitute the brain and spinal cord. The CNS contains both the afferent and efferent neurons depending on the direction of their signal transmission. Afferent or sensory neurons are responsible for the conduction of sensory input from the sensory receptors.
Thus, the answer is CNS, sensory.
Neurons are functionally classified based on the direction of action potential travel in relation to the CNS, with afferent neurons carrying sensory input towards the CNS, and efferent neurons transmitting signals away to effector muscles and glands.
Neurons are classified functionally according to the direction the action potential travels relative to the central nervous system (CNS). Afferent neurons are the neurons of the sensory nervous system. They are responsible for conducting sensory input from both somatic sensory and visceral sensory receptors.
Functionally, neurons can be classified into three main categories: afferent neurons (or sensory neurons), which carry information towards the CNS; efferent neurons (or motor neurons), which carry information away from the CNS to muscles and glands; and interneurons, which are primarily found within the CNS and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons.
Afferent neurons are essential for processing sensory information, allowing the body to respond to both external and internal stimuli. A helpful mnemonic to remember this distinction is that efferent neurons let signals 'exit' the CNS towards the effectors, whereas afferent neurons allow signals to 'arrive' at the CNS from the sensory receptors.
In prokaryotes, termination of transcription can include which of the following?
a. The formation of a hairpin structure.
b. An enzyme with 5'–3' exonuclease activity.
c. The transcription of a U‑rich region.
d. An enzyme with helicase activity.
In prokaryotes, termination of transcription can include the formation of a hairpin structure.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
During replication the whole genome is being copied while in transcription just a selected portion is transcribed. To a gene to be expressed in its offspring the DNA sequence is copied to the RNA. Sometimes the transcription is terminated because of some terminator DNA.
At once it causes repeated pairing which forms a hairpin like structure. As repetition forms a string of TT this is not tolerated by so the RNA gets separated from the following DNA. This is formed by Rho independent mechanism.
In pneumothorax and complete atelectasis involving the right lung:
a. interpleural pressure would increase toward atmospheric and transpulmonary pressure would become zero
b. intrapulmonary pressure and transpulmonary pressure would be negative
c. perfusion of the right lung would increase
d. transpulmonary pressure would increase
Docetaxel is a drug that is used in the treatment of cancer. It interferes with cell division by inhibiting microtubule depolymerization. Specifically what would be the greatest impact of this drug on mitosis?
Answer: Inhibition of Mitosis
Explanation: docetaxel, inhibit the microtubule structures within the cell. Microtubules are part of the cell's apparatus for dividing and replicating itself. Inhibition of these structures ultimately results in cell death.
Which one of the following are not hallmarks used to identify genes in an unknown eukaryotic sequence?
A) operator sequences
B) regulatory sequences (promoters, enhancers, and silencers)
C) 5' and 3' intron splice sites
D) ORFs (open reading frames)
Answer:
The correct answer is A) operator sequences
Explanation:
An operator sequence is a sequence that regulates the transcription of genes present in an operon. These operons are mainly found in prokaryotes. An operon consists of closely bound structural gene which have its own operator, and promotor and these genes are transcribed together.
An operator sequence overlaps the promoter sequence. Regulatory proteins binds to these operator sequence and prevents the binding of RNA polymerase on the promoter thereby inhibits the transcription initiation of operon in prokaryotes.
So as operator sequence is mainly found in prokaryotes so they are not hallmarks used to identify genes in an unknown eukaryotic sequence.
Give a brief explanation of why food webs are preferred over food chains for representing the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
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On Long Island, New York, a population of wall lizards that originated from a group in Italy is present. Several had been imported to be sold as pets many decades ago, and some escaped and started a new population in this suburban area. What concept applies to this situation?
Answer:
Two terms might apply for this situation: "jump dispersion" and "human-assisted invasions".
Explanation:
Dispersion: It refers to the change in an organism's range or distribution area. Different ecological and biogeographical processes might be involved in organisms' dispersion. The term "jump dispersion" refers to a few individuals in a short time that can cross a barrier and occupy a new area. In this situation, the establishment is not always for sure. For this to happen, they must reproduce and start a new population of a certain size that can survive to the new conditions. Biologic Invasions: It refers to new species that establish in a new area far or out of their original distribution range. Once established, these species might be considered exotic or invasive, according to their reproductive rate, population growth, and interaction with native species. Biologic invasions are natural processes, that occur in small groups of individuals that can expand to other ecosystems, and the appearing or despairing of barriers promotes their expansion. But these biologic invasions have accelerated by human beings, referring to this as "human-assisted invasions". These are the cases in which men transport species from one place to the other for different uses or purposes.It is very common for these species to scape and start new populations in the new area, where they have less environmental pressure -fewer predators, more resources, better nitches- than in their origin area, which favors their establishment.
The exposed situation in the example is a case of "human-assisted invasions". It might also be considered as jump dispersion (because a few individuals of the species crossed a barrier and established in a new area) but assisted by humans.
Which of the following organisms would have the HIGHEST predicted gene density (most genes per megabase of DNA) in genomic DNA?A. ChickenB. E. coli bacteriaC. MouseD. Human
Answer: E.coli bacteria has the highest predicted gene density in genomic DNA.
Explanation:
Gene density of an organism in a genomic DNA is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pair, it is written in megabase. Bacteria DNA has a higher gene density ranging from 500-1000/mb. This is because bacteria DNA has no introns and few codons in their gene. Humans has a gene density of 12-15gene/mb. The chicken karoytype has 6pairs of large macrochromosomes and 33 pairs of smaller microchromosomes.
Why do you think that the change in one nucleotide can cause tay-sachs disease to be fatal
Answer: The protein is completely disrupted and it can not perform its function
Explanation:
Tay-Sachs disease is a rare degenerative disease and autosomic recessive. It affects the brain and central nervous system. It occurs when the body lacks hexosaminidase A, which is a protein that helps break down a group of chemicals found in nerve tissue, called gangliosides. Without this protein, gangliosides build up in cells, often in neurons in the brain.
Tay Sachs disease is caused by a mutation of one nucleotide for a protein that disrupts the activity of an enzyme in the brain. Proteins are synthesized according to the DNA sequence. Every three bases (called a codon), one of the many amino acids that will form the protein is synthesized. When one of these bases is mutated, it is very possible that a different amino acid is synthesized instead. Sometimes that doesn't happen because the genetic code is degenerated and different codons can give rise to the same amino acid. But in this mutation, the protein is completely disrupted and it can not perform its function. Then, the brain is affected as it was explained and results fatal.
Crossing over often occurs during prophase. How could scientists use an easy to measure trait that is linked to the gene responsible for a certain genetic condition to locate the disease causing gene?
Answer:
Crossing over is the phenomena of the exchange of the genetic material between the non sister chromatid of the homologous chromosomes. The crossing over results in the formation of recombinant progeny.
Linked traits are close to each other and present on the same chromosome. The linked traits that are very close to each other and will not separate by the process of crossing over. This information is used to locate the disease condition.
How can you change the power of a single-lens microscope
Answer:
By reducing the focal length
Explanation:
The power of a lens is inversely proportional to its focal length.
Mathematically, this relation can be written as
[tex]P = \frac{1}{f}[/tex]
Where, "P" represents power and "f" represents focal length. As per this relationship, the power will increase with the decrease of focal length.
Power is basically the measurement of refractive power of a lens. The refractive strength of a lens increases with the decrease in focal length.
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
The Arizona bark scorpion is the most venomous scorpion in North America, and its bite will cause extensive pain to a human that lasts up to three days.
However, the southern grasshopper mouse is essentially immune to the sting of this scorpion and actually eats the scorpions as prey.
Researchers have recently elucidated the neuronal reason for why the southern grasshopper mouse does not feel pain from bark scorpion venom.
The southern grasshopper mouse essentially does not feel pain when stung by the bark scorpion.
What type of neuron is most likely affected in this scenario?
a) sensory neuron
b) glial cells interneuron
c) motor neuron
Answer:
The correct answer is option a) "sensory neuron".
Explanation:
Sensory neurons are a type of specialized nerve cells which main function is the conversion of external stimuli into internal electrical impulses that the body uses to react to the external stimuli. We feel pain as result of a particular sensory neuron called nociceptor. Therefore, if southern grasshopper mouse essentially does not feel pain when stung by the bark scorpion it is most likely the sensory neurons of the mouse are affected in this scenario.
Final answer:
The southern grasshopper mouse is likely immune to the Arizona bark scorpion's sting due to adaptations in its a) sensory neurons, which prevent the pain signal from affecting the mouse.
Explanation:
The type of neuron most likely affected in the scenario where the southern grasshopper mouse does not feel pain from the sting of the Arizona bark scorpion is the sensory neuron. Sensory neurons are responsible for processing pain, pressure, and temperature signals from the environment and conveying this information to the central nervous system. The southern grasshopper mouse's immunity to the venom's pain-inducing effects suggests a unique adaptation or modification in its sensory neurons, enabling it to neutralize or bypass the pain signal normally triggered by the scorpion's sting. This adaptation allows the mouse to prey on the scorpion without the deterrent of pain, showcasing an intriguing example of evolutionary biology.
_________ threshold is also called the ________ threshold, the point at which lactic acid produced in muscles begins to accumulate in the blood. It defines the upper limit that can be sustained _________.
Answer:
1. Anaerobic
2. lactate
3. Aerobically
Explanation:
During excessive muscular activities such as a marathon, lactate fermentation occurs in muscles to serve as a source of ATP to sustain muscle contraction. The lactate produced during lactate fermentation is removed aerobically from muscles. Lactate threshold or anaerobic threshold refers to the intensity of physical activity that produces the blood lactate at a fast rate than its removal.
Increased intensity of exercise or physical activity increases lactate production. As the intensity reaches the point at which lactate cannot be removed from the body fast enough, it is accumulated and causes fatigue in muscles. Therefore, the lactate threshold is the upper limit that can be sustained aerobically by the body without any accumulation of lactate.
The drug dideoxycytidine, used to treat certain viral infections, is a nucleotide made with 2′,3′-dideoxyribose. This sugar lacks –OH groups at both the 2′ and the 3′ positions. This drug stops the growth of a DNA chain when added to DNA because:__________
This drug stops the growth of a DNA chain when added to DNA because DNA polymerase requires a 3′ end -OH group.
Explanation:Molecular Formula: [tex]C_9H_{13}N_3O_3[/tex]
In a dideoxynucleoside compound the 3'-hydroxyl group attached to sugar molecules are replaced by a hydrogen. This upgrade prevents the formation of "5' to 3' phosphodiester linkages", required for the elongation of DNA chains, which results in terminating viral DNA growth.
This drug inhibits HIV replication at small level, acting as a terminator of viral DNA. The toxic side effect is "axonal degeneration" resulting in "peripheral neuropathy".
The purpose of _______ is making more cells to repair wounds and replace dead cells, for asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes, and for growth during development.
Answer:
Mitotic cell cycle
Explanation:
Mitosis is the process by which one cell becomes two daughter cells after division. These daughter cells are identical to their parent cell.
So through mitosis, many cells can be produced from single cells therefore all eukaryotic organisms use mitosis to grow in size and to replace the old cells, dead cells, and damaged cells. So mitosis process is important in growth and development of eukaryotes.
Some asexual eukaryotic organisms use the process of mitosis to reproduce and grow for example hydra and yeast reproduce by mitosis and produce genetically same offsprings. So the correct answer is mitotic cell division.
The nervous system:
works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
communicates with the body via action potentials (nerve impulses).
is responsible for perceptions and behaviors.
initiates voluntary movements.
all of these are correct.
Answer:
All of these are correct.
Explanation:
Nervous system is the complex network of the nerves that carries the information in the body. Nervous system mainly consists of large numbers of millions of neurons.
The nervous system perform different functions in the body. The communication of the nervous system occurs by the transmission of nerve impulse. The voluntary and involuntary actions of the body are controlled by the nervous system. The behavior and perception of the organism is controlled by nervous system. The endocrine system also depend on the nervous system and maintains the homeostasis of the body.
Thus, the correct answer is option (5).
What is the significance of the evolution of hox gene clusters during vertebrate evolution?
Answer:
Explanation:
The hox gene provides a huge amount of important information about evolution. Hox genes duplication made increased morphological complexity possible triggering the formation of neural crest cells and allowed them to disperse throughout the body, forming a variety of structures. They help lay out the basic body forms of many animals including humans, flies and worms.
Hox gene clusters have played a pivotal role in vertebrate evolution by dictating the body plan of organisms. The multiplication of these gene clusters in vertebrates allowed for the development of complex body types, influencing major evolutionary steps such as the emergence of quadrupeds and the amniotic egg.
Explanation:The evolution of Hox gene clusters has played a significant role during vertebrate evolution. Hox genes encode protein transcription factors and serve as 'master control genes,' influencing the development and placement of structures in an organism. They help dictate the body plan including the number and placement of appendages and head-tail directionality.
In vertebrates, there are multiple Hox gene clusters that have an influence on their complex body plans. Remarkably, the arrangement of these genes reflects the anterior-posterior axis of the animal's body. This arrangement has been maintained from the point of a common ancestor, explaining the similar embryonic development observed across different species.
Changes in Hox genes and their clusters facilitate evolutionary variations. It is suggested that the quadruplication of the basic chordate genome, including Hox gene loci, was an important factor driving vertebrate evolution. The increased number of Hox genes in vertebrates allowed for more complex body types to evolve, leading to major innovations including the emergence of quadrupeds and the amniotic egg.
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A Sub-Saharan African widowed immigrant woman lives with her deceased husband's brother and his family, which includes the brother-in-law's children and the widow's adult children. Each family member speaks fluent English. Surgery was recommended for the client. What is the best plan to obtain consent for surgery for this client?A. Obtain an interpreter to explain the procedure to the clientB. encourage the client to make her own decision regarding surgeryC. ask the family members to provide a clarification of the surgeon's explanation to the clientD. tell the surgeon that the brother-in-law will decide after explanation of the proposed surgery is provided to him and the widow
Answer:
The correct option is D. Tell the surgeon that the brother-in-law will decide after explanation of the proposed surgery is provided to him and the widow
Explanation:
In the Sub- Saharan region, the customary law allows the inheritance of wife and the culture of having more than one wife is also practised in this region. According to the law, the widow will become the inherited wife of her deceased husband's brother.
In those regions, the woman are suppressed and the regions are male dominant regions. The women have to obey men's command. Hence, it will more likely be that the brother- in- law will make the decision.
8. An older adult with restless legs syndrome (RLS) has sought advice from the nurse in an effort to ease the problem. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the plan?A) "There are new, over-the-counter medications that can probably resolve your RLS."B) "RLS can be a sign of a much more serious health problem, so I'd encourage you to visit your primary care provider."C) "I see that your iron level is low, let's add foods high in iron to your diet."D) "Even though it's certainly unpleasant, RLS is a normal part of the aging process."
Answer:
C, you can try to add the iron in your diet first and see if it helps any at all, then see your primary care physician
"I see that your iron level is low, let's add foods high in iron to your diet."
These can give the patient a hope and he will not give up trying.He will also eat food that will be helpful to him only.What is RLS?RLS is Restless legs syndrome which is a condition that causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs because of an uncomfortable sensation. It happens in the evening or nighttime hours when sitting or lying down. Moving eases the unpleasant feeling temporarily.To know more about RLS here
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You might infer from packages of commercial fertilizer that which nutrients are most limiting to plant growth?
a. hydrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium
b. carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous
c. phosphorus, potassium, and calcium
d. iron, magnesium, and nitrogen
e. nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium
Compared to the normal situation, in which actin monomers carry ATP, what do you predict would happen if actin monomers that bind a nonhydrolyzable form of ATP were incorporated into actin filaments?
A. Actin filaments would grow longer.
B. Actin filaments would grow shorter because depolymerization would be enhanced.
C. Actin filaments would grow shorter because new monomers could not be added to the filaments.
D. No change, as addition of monomers binding nonhydrolyzable ATP would not affect actin filament length.
Answer:
The correct answer is A. Actin filaments would grow longer.
Explanation:
If the monomers added bind nonhydrolyzable ATP, then, the interactions between each monomer will be more stable causing the filament to grow longer as it's really stable without the hydrolyzation of ATP.
Which is the best nursing explanation for the symptom of polyuria in a client with diabetes mellitus? With diabetes, drinking more results in more urine production. Increased ketones in the urine promote the manufacturing of more urine. High sugar pulls fluid into the bloodstream, which results in more urine production. The body's requirement for fuel drives the production of urine.
Answer:
C: High sugar pulls fluid into the bloodstream, which results in more urine production .
This is the best nursing explanation for the symptom of polyuria in a client with diabetes mellitus.
Explanation:
Diabetes can lead to many health problems, even kidney failure. 'Type 1 diabetes' is a disease in which the pancreas halts producing insulin. This insulin hormone is essential to getting energy from food. It can affect humans of any age.
Polyuria occurs in diabetes when the blood has excess amount of sugar. Kidneys produce urine and reabsorb all the sugar and send it back to the body. So, excess sugar has domino effect on the body and leads to more urine. Frequent urination means lots of fluids loss from the body and person becomes dehydrated.
"Rigor mortis" is a muscle stiffening that sets in a few hours after death. It is due to muscles being in a contracted state. It dissipates after several days as muscle proteins degenerate and cells break down. Rigor mortis is one sign that coroners take into account when estimating a time of death. At a cellular level, what is the mechanism behind rigor mortis?
Answer:
Explanation:
noooooooooooooo idea
Achondroplasia is a common cause of dwarfism in humans. All individuals with achondroplasia are thought to be heterozygous at the locus that controls this trait. When two individuals with achondroplasia have children, the offspring occur in a ratio of 2 achondroplasia:1 wild type. What is the most likely explanation for these observations
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Achondroplasia is a common cause of dwarfism in humans. All individuals with achondroplasia are thought to be heterozygous at the locus that controls this trait. When two individuals with achondroplasia have children, the offspring occur in a ratio of 2 achondroplasia:1 wild type. What is the most likely explanation for these observations
A. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a late-onset lethal allele.
B. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a recessive lethal allele.
C. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a dominant lethal allele.
D. Achondroplasia is incompletely dominant to the normal condition.
E. Achondroplasia is codominant to the normal condition.
Answer:
B. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a recessive lethal allele.
Explanation:
According to the given information, achondroplasia is a genetic disorder and the individuals with the disorder are heterozygous. The individuals with homozygous recessive genotype do not survive as the allele for the disorder is lethal in the homozygous condition. Let's assume that the allele "a" causes achondroplasia while the allele "A" imparts normal height to the individuals. Two heterozygous parents each with genotype "Aa" would produce a progeny in the following ratio=
Aa x Aa= 1 AA (normal height): 2 Aa (achondroplasia): 1 aa (do not survive).
Final answer:
The ratio of 2 achondroplasia:1 wild type offspring in children of parents with achondroplasia is explained by the autosomal dominant inheritance of achondroplasia, where the homozygous dominant condition is lethal.
Explanation:
The observation that offspring of two individuals with achondroplasia occur in a ratio of 2 achondroplasia:1 wild type can be explained by the genetics of autosomal dominant disorders. Achondroplasia is caused by a dominant mutation in the FGFR3 gene. Individuals with this condition are typically heterozygous, possessing one mutated gene (A) and one normal gene (a). The key to understanding the offspring ratio is recognizing that the homozygous dominant condition (AA) is lethal, either in embryonic development or shortly after birth. Therefore, when two heterozygous individuals (Aa) mate, the possible genetic combinations are AA (which is lethal and results in embryonic loss), Aa (achondroplasia), and aa (wild type), leading to the observed ratio among surviving offspring.