The __________ is considered the primary agency of socialization in the united states.

Final answer:

Kelley's covariation model operates on the assumption that people use consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus as cues to systematically determine the causes of behavior, attributing it to either internal or external factors.

Explanation:

One major assumption of Kelley's covariation model of attribution is that individuals make causal attributions by systematically observing patterns over time and situations to determine whether the cause of an event is due to personal or environmental factors. Kelley's model suggests that people attribute behavior to factors that covary with the observed effect, considering three informational cues: consistency (does the person behave this way every time the situation occurs?), distinctiveness (does the person behave differently in different situations?), and consensus (do others behave similarly in the same situation?). These cues allow individuals to make attributions based on whether the cause of behavior is internal (person) or external (environmental).

Explanation:

By regarding 3 months older, your baby’s crying ought to begin to fade.
Smiling sessions together with your baby can become more and more animated and joyful. once things get too emotionally intense for your baby, they're going to stop gazing at you, and that they can look for a number of moments. this can be referred to as gaze aversion, and it shows that your baby’s level of arousal is just too high. try and respect your baby’s would like for a possibility or a slower pace.
Your baby can still be fascinated by their voice. they're going to follow creating sounds whenever they're happy and content. they're going to relish imitating you and having you imitate them.

The Confederates believed in the maintenance of slavery as a core part of their identity, and they formed the Confederate States based on that principle. Despite facing disadvantages, they believed in victory through defense and military skill. Not all southerners shared these beliefs, and some opposed the Confederacy as Unionists.

The Confederates held a firm belief in the institution of slavery, asserting that it was a natural and normal condition for African Americans, as declared by Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens. This belief was the cornerstone of the new Confederate nationalism after the secession of the southern states. The Confederates renounced their allegiance to the United States and formed their own nation, which was based primarily on the maintenance and defense of slavery. The Confederate constitution ironicaly centralized more power than the US constitution, an irony since they professed a belief in states' rights, but this was seen as necessary to protect the institution of slavery.

Religious belief also played a role, with many southerners espousing the notion that the Confederacy was fulfilling God's will. In practice, all justifications for secession and the continuation of the Confederate cause were ultimately bound to the defense of slavery. Despite the clear disadvantages in population and industrial resources when compared to the Union, the Confederacy believed they could emerge victorious simply by defending their territory effectively, counting on their military leaders and the fighting skills of their recruits to hold off Northern advances.

Some southerners, known as Unionists, did not share in the Confederate nationalism and remained loyal to the Union. These individuals opposed the Confederacy and even fought in the Union Army. As the war ended and the Confederate cause was defeated, many Confederates clung to a belief in their cause, despite the significant losses they suffered. They retained a sense of honor and continued to venerate the idea of the Confederacy even after its collapse.

The answer is acculturation

Explanation:

Abigail used cognitive adaptation processes of assimilation and accommodation to learn how to interact with different pets.

Abigail needed to use cognitive adaptation process involving assimilation and accommodation. When she first tried to hold her grandma's bird like she does with her puppy but got nipped, she had to recognize that not all pets behave the same way. This required modifying her existing schema of pet interaction—assimilation, where she integrates new information into her existing frameworks, and accommodation, where she adjusts her behavior based on her new experience with the bird.

Final answer:

The control group in the study described is the children who watched the non-violent program. While research, such as Bandura's Bobo doll study, has shown correlations between violent media and aggression, the impact is influenced by multiple factors, and the extent is still debated.

Explanation:

In the described study, the control group is the children who watched the non-violent program. A control group in an experiment is the group that is not exposed to the variable being tested and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects compare. This is crucial in establishing a direct cause-and-effect relationship between violent media exposure and aggression in children by having a baseline to compare against those who viewed violent content.

Regarding the broader topic of how violent media influences behavior, significant research has been conducted. Anderson and Bushman (2011) and other researchers have found evidence suggesting that exposure to violent media can be linked to increased aggression in children. However, factors such as mental health and family environment also play a role in aggressive behavior, indicating that the relationship is complex and multifaceted.

For example, Bandura's Bobo doll study showed children imitating aggressive behavior after observing it. Yet, despite many studies supporting the link between violent media and aggression, the extent of this effect and the factoring variables still incite debate within the psychological community. A meta-analysis by Savage (2003) highlights that a definitive cause-and-effect relationship between observing violence and criminal behavior has not been firmly established, indicating the need for ongoing research in this area.

The answer is "the sublime"

Trench warfare, technique was used in order to escape machine gun fire on the battlefield. Thus, option (c) is correct.

Trench foot, ailment was common among soldiers who did not exercise proper hygiene. Thus, option (b) is correct.

France & Germany, fought in the Battle of Verdun. Thus, option (c) is correct.

The Battle of Verdun took place on the West Front and in France from 21 February to 18 December 1916. The French resistance at Versailles was decisive in stopping the German advance. The Conflict of Verdun in 1916 was World War One's lengthiest battle.

The basic strategy of trench warfare was to defend your own position aggressively while attempting to break into the enemy's rear. Soldiers' most common disease was trench foot. It arose as a result of the moist conditions present in trenches. The Battle of Verdun was one of France and Germany's longest battles.

Therefore, option 1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (c) is correct.

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A psychological disorder, also known as a mental disorder, is defined as a psychological state in which an individual is not able to properly process the information in their day to day lives and as a result of that, they are unable to properly understand their own thoughts and feelings. When this happens the individual's behavioral patterns are also affected and they are exhibit behavior that is not a clear identification of their feelings.

Demarcus's experience of no longer feeling alert from the smell of coffee after ceasing consumption exemplifies 'extinction' in classical conditioning.

The phenomenon that Demarcus no longer experiences the alertness effect from the smell of freshly brewed coffee after he has stopped drinking it is an example of extinction in classical conditioning. This occurs when the conditioned stimulus (in this case, the smell of coffee) is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (the caffeine in the coffee), eventually leading to a decrease in the conditioned response (the feeling of alertness). Demarcus's alertness was initially a conditioned response to the smell of coffee, but over time without the reinforcing effects of caffeine, this response diminished.

The best event to complete the timeline is B) 1879 Thomas Edison invents the incandescent lightbulb, a significant historical development that greatly impacted industrial productivity, urban living, and led to the growth of the electric power industry.

Thomas Edison and the Incandescent Light Bulb

The event that would best complete the timeline, considering the information provided and historical significance, is option B) 1879 Thomas Edison invents the incandescent lightbulb. Thomas Alva Edison's invention of the incandescent light bulb in 1879 marked a transformative moment in history. His pioneering work ultimately led to the creation of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company, thanks to the financial support of J. P. Morgan. Edison's innovation not only provided a safer and more reliable source of light compared to oil and gas lamps, but it also paved the way for electric lighting in factories and homes, extending work hours and reducing the average sleeping time of Americans.

The advent of the incandescent light bulb and the subsequent development of electrical infrastructure facilitated by Edison's power company vastly improved urban life. It allowed for greater productivity in factories, which began to operate around the clock, and significantly contributed to urban expansion as electric lights began to illuminate city streets, changing the landscape of American society.

Moreover, Thomas Edison's extensive work, which spanned numerous inventions and over one thousand patents, exemplified the innovative spirit of the time, playing a crucial role in the ushering in of the electric age. His work at Menlo Park and his methodical approach to invention and research would influence industrial manufacturing and become a standard for future technological development.

Thomas Edison's invention of the incandescent lightbulb in 1879 significantly transformed everyday life and industrial work, making it the best event to complete the historical timeline.

Thomas Edison and the Incandescent Lightbulb

When considering the events that best complete a historical timeline focused on transformative inventions, the introduction of the incandescent lightbulb by Thomas Edison in 1879 stands out. Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb revolutionized the way people lived and worked by providing a safer and more reliable source of light compared to oil and gas lamps. The spread of electrical lighting facilitated factories to extend their operating hours, increased urban development with electrified city streets, and impacted Americans' lifestyles by reducing the average amount of sleep due to the extended availability of light. After Edison's significant invention, he continued his pursuit of innovation by founding the Edison Electric Illuminating Company, backed by prominent figures like J. P. Morgan, and further shaped the infrastructure of modern electrical supply and consumption.

Final answer:

Ryan demonstrates learning through operant conditioning, where his good manners are positively reinforced with a pat on the back, encouraging him to continue exhibiting those behaviors.

Explanation:

Ryan, a five-year-old boy, who receives a pat on the back every time he says "please" or "thank you," demonstrates learning through operant conditioning. In this scenario, the pat on the back acts as a form of positive reinforcement, which encourages Ryan to use good manners as often as possible. This method of learning is part of the behavioral psychology theory that suggests behaviors can be learned by associating actions with rewards or punishments. The concept, largely developed by B.F. Skinner, shows how behaviors can be reinforced to increase their occurrence, similar to how students might be motivated to study harder for tests by the promise of good grades as a reward.

The essential habits of mind for a scientist include curiosity, skepticism, patience, the ability to embrace uncertainty, and the continuous use of the scientific method. Scientists engage in critical assessment of evidence, exhibit epistemic humility, and can apply these cognitive strategies to everyday life and other areas of study.

Habits of Mind Essential for Scientists

Scientists possess certain habits of mind that allow them to investigate the natural world effectively. These habits include a combination of curiosity, skepticism, and the continuous use of the scientific method. Curiosity leads scientists to ask questions about the world around them. Skepticism involves critical assessment of evidence and claims, leading to the questioning of established ideas and the testing of new hypotheses. These attributes are complemented by patience and a willingness to embrace uncertainty, as scientific understanding often develops from investigating complex problems over long periods.

Learning concepts, rather than memorizing facts, provides a foundation for thinking critically about the natural world. Observations and experiments guide scientists in refining hypotheses and in drawing conclusions. The work of a scientist is not isolated to the professional realm—everyone can apply these features of scientific thinking to everyday life, assessing situations, and making decisions based on evidence and logical reasoning.

Developing such habits of mind involves recognizing cognitive biases and working against them through metacognition and critical reflection, ultimately fostering an epistemic humility that acknowledges the probabilistic nature of scientific knowledge. Adapting these mental models can lead not only to success in science but also to a more objective approach to various aspects of life, including studying philosophy, evaluating information sources, and handling emotions in intellectual discussions.

The individual’s classmate could be considered as a reference group. This kind of group is where an individual likely compares his or herself to another party of group in which they consider the group as a standard by means of evaluating the individual and compare themselves to them.

The statement about Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by mental processes is true

Social psychology is scientific study how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others. It is also about the branch of psychology that deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual. The core topic of social psychology is the attitudes story.

The thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are include the psychological variables that are measurable in a human being.  The reference to imagined or implied others suggested that we are prone to social influence even in no people present such as television. In general, social psychologists have a preference for laboratory based in empirical findings which is specific and focused, rather than global and general.

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Social Psychology studies how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by social factors and mental processes. It investigates the effects of social situations and the interpretation of information on individuals' interactions and behaviors. Examples of this include group dynamics, individual perceptions, and cognitive processes.

The subject at hand is Social Psychology, a branch of psychology that studies how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by social factors and the perceived presence of others. This field emphasizes the effects of social situations on human behavior and the ways individuals interpret, influence, and relate to others.

For example, consider a situation where a person is participating in a group discussion. That individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior can be influenced by the group's dynamics, the views presented by others, and the person's perception of their role within the group. This is a common scenario studied in social psychology.

Another key focus of social psychology is the study of mental processes, which involves understanding how people perceive, remember, and interpret information about themselves and the world around them. These mental processes can greatly affect how we interact with others and our social behavior overall.

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Africans began forming trade unions and helping independence movements of these best describes why decolonization began to occur in Africa after World War II. Thus, option (a) is correct.

What is World War II?

Due to the involvement of more than 30 nations, the Second World War was the largest war in ancient history when compared to the First World War. From 1939 to 1945, during World War II, Germany was at war with Great Britain and France.

Decolonization of Africa occurred in the World War II between the 950s and 1975. There were abrupt and profound changes as the colonies moved toward independence, which was sometimes plagued by political violence. Africans began to organize labor unions and contribute to independence movements.

Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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