The Miller-Urey experiment was designed to simulate the conditions on Earth before the evolution of life. They placed ammonia, water, methane, and hydrogen in a flask.Then, they passed jolts of electricity through the mixture to simulate electrical storms. This resulted in the formation of organic compounds, including amino acids. Some scientists speculate that lightning was not present on early Earth. How could you modify the Miller-Urey experiment to reflect this idea? What energy source would you use to replace lightning?

Giving brainliest, quick please!

Answers

Answer 1
You would need radiant energy (the sun). Hope I Helped!
Answer 2

Answer:

To modify the Miller-Urey experiment you could not subject the balloon to bumps of electricity and leave it in the sun. So you replace the energy of electrical storms, focusing on the balloon with solar energy.

Explanation:

As shown in the question above, some scientists do not believe that the earth was influenced by a lightning storm. For this reason, many of the Miller-Urey experiment, designed to simulate conditions on Earth before the evolution of life, would not be accepted by these scientists.

What these scientists believe that the energy present on earth in this long period of time is solar energy, since the sun was formed long before the earth. In that case, for the Miller-Urey experiment to be accepted, you should replace the bumps in electricity with solar energy.


Related Questions

Fungi can be unicellular and multicellular.


True or false?

Answers

True, Most fungi are multi cellular, but some, the yeasts, are simple unicellular organisms probably evolved from multi cellular ancestors.
Final answer:

The statement is true: fungi can indeed be both unicellular, like yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida species, and multicellular, forming complex structures such as molds and mushrooms. Dimorphic fungi can even switch between these states depending on environmental conditions.

Explanation:

The statement that fungi can be unicellular and multicellular is true. Fungi include a wide range of organisms with diverse characteristics, from microscopic yeasts to large, complex molds and mushrooms. For example, yeasts, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) and Candida species (known for causing thrush), are unicellular fungi, thriving in various environments and under different conditions. On the other hand, multicellular fungi develop complex structures, such as molds and mushrooms, with networks of hyphae contributing to their vegetative body, known as a thallus. Notably, some fungi, known as dimorphic fungi, possess the remarkable ability to switch between unicellular and multicellular forms depending on environmental conditions. This dual nature highlights the adaptability and diversity within the fungal kingdom.

Which of the following is an example of a metamorphic rock? Granite limestone marble pumice WILL MARK BRAINLIEST IF CORRECT HURRY

Answers

Answer:

The answer would actually be Marble

The example of a metamorphic rock is Mable.

What is metamorphic to k?

Metarmorphic rock is a type of rock that is formed from solidification and transformation from igneous rocks or sedimentary rock to another form rock.

Therefore, The example of a metamorphic rock is Mable.

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Marilyn is undergoing a series of neuroimaging techniques to shed light on her anxiety disorder. the tests will likely be used to determine ____.

Answers

The correct answer is "which brain parts are/are not activated when she is exposed to fearful stimuli".
Neuroimaging techniques (such as MRI, fMRI, MEG or PET scan) are methods used to image the structure and function of the nervous system. In this example, the use of neuroimaging techniques will enable the healthcare professional to visualize the processing of information. This means that scientists will be able to see what happens in Marilyn's brain when she processes a fearful stimulus. 

Which of the following can be cofactors?

organic molecules

inorganic molecules

anions

cations

Answers

organic molecules and cations

Answer:

your answer is below

Explanation:

Which action must occur for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction?

A. A noncompetitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

B. A competitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

C. A substrate must bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme.

D. A substrate must bind to an active site of the enzyme.

Answers

For an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction it is very essential for the correct substrate to bind to the active site of the enzyme.The active site is divided into two portions : Binding site Catalytic site The binding site is made up of amino acid residues that are responsible for binding to the correct substrate while the catalytic site possesses the amino acids that lead to the catalysis. The shape of the active site is such that only the correct substrate binds to it easily and hence, the catalytic reaction takes place.

A complex big molecule that fastens the metabolic reactions without actually participating in it is called an enzyme. They fasten the formation and breakdown of the metabolic and catabolic reactions.

The actions that are required in a chemical reaction is:

Option: D. Active site of an enzyme must be attached to a substrate.

This can be explained as:

If a non-competitive binds to the active site then the substrate would not be able to bind to the site and a chemical reaction would not occur.

If in the second option a competitive bind to the active site it will block the substrate to bind on the active site of the enzyme and the complex would not be able to form.

If a substrate binds to an allosteric site then it will inhibit or activate the enzyme.

Therefore, the enzyme can catalyze chemical reactions when the substrate binds to the active site.

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A 60-year-old woman is hospitalized after losing an extensive amount of blood in a work-related accident. she tells the nurse that she heard the doctor say that she would keep feeling faint until her brain made more blood. the nurse recognizes that when the woman's blood pressure dropped, the pressure in her carotid arteries decreased. this was detected by baroreceptors in the carotid arteries, with which subsequent effect?

Answers

Systemic vasoconstriction maintained the diastolic pressure

Which of the following best describes an effective adaptation of plants commonly found in the rain forest?

Answers

the following correctly describes plant and animal adaptations of a particular biome is Savanna plants have deep root systems and tundra animals have fur or feathers with seasonal color variations.

The correct option is (b).

1. The Savanna biome is characterized by hot and dry conditions, with periodic droughts. Savanna plants have adapted to this environment by developing deep root systems that can reach water stored deep underground, allowing them to survive during dry periods.

2. In contrast, the Tundra biome is characterized by cold temperatures and a short growing season. Tundra animals have adapted by growing thick fur or feathers with seasonal color variations, which help them blend into their surroundings and provide insulation against the cold temperatures.

3. These adaptations in both plants and animals are essential for their survival in their respective biomes, allowing them to thrive despite the challenging environmental conditions.

complete question given below:

Which of the following correctly describes plant and animal adaptations of a particular biome?

a-Desert plants have modified leaves to prevent water loss and megafauna are found in deciduous forest leaf litter (detritus).

b-Savanna plants have deep root systems and tundra animals have fur or feathers with seasonal color variations.

c-Chaparral plants are adapted for wildfires and savanna animals have thicker fat deposits.

d-Epiphytes are found in tropical rainforests and nocturnal animals are found deciduous forest canopies.

A flood kills most of the population of ants that live near river water

Answers

This situation is the perfect example of the random process that is called genetic drift. A minor, usually, form of evolution that works best in small populations or in situation as you have described above.

I hope you get this answer right!
Have a great day!:DDDD :)!

Answer:

A minor, usually, form of evolution that works best in small populations or in situation as you have described above.

Explanation:

Energy derived from hot rocks and fluids beneath the earth’s surface is _____. electro magnetic energy thermal energy geothermal energy heat energy

Answers

The answer is geothermal energy. This energy can be harnessed to generate  electricity. The energy emanates from the deep core of the earth due to the radioactivity of the rocks in the region.  The radioactivity heats Magma from the mantle which subsequently heats the rocks and fluids in the earth crust.


C. or Geothermal energy I believe.

1. Where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges more into a more gradual incline known as the continental____.

a. abyss
b. rise
c. zone
d. rift

2. Deep, steep-sided valleys that originate on the continental slope and may extend to the ocean basin floor are called____.

a. slope canyons
b. submarine canyons
c. abyssal plains
d. trenches

Answers

1. b. rise
 2. b. submarine canyons

The right options are;

1. b. rise

2. b. submarine canyons

Continental rise is the bottom feature of water that is composed of thick sequences of continental substances that coalesced between the continental slope and the deep ocean floor. Continental rises occurs due to three sedimentary processes which are vertical accumulation of biogenic and clastic substances, mass wasting and the deposition from contour currents.

Submarine canyons are deep, narrow steep-sided valleys that emanate from the continental slope and sometimes may extend to the ocean basin floor (continental shelf). The physical appearance of submarine canyons resembles canyons formed by rivers on land.



Why is it important for arteries to have thicker lining/walls than veins?

Answers

There’s more blood flowing and a rupture would lead to more blood loss and damage

Explain the effect that extreme vagus nerve stimulation had on the heart. how well did the results compare with your prediction?

Answers

Examples of vagus nerve stimulation is the Valsalva maneuver as well as massaging the carotid area. The extreme vagus nerve stimulation will produce a significant decrease in heart rate because the vagus nerve has autonomic functions, specifically primarily parasympathetic output. Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart decreases the conduction velocity (negative dromotropic effect) of the impulses from the sinuatrial node to the Purkenji fibers therefore decreasing the overall heart rate (negative chronotropic effect).
Final answer:

Extreme stimulation of the vagus nerve can decrease heart rate significantly, causing symptoms ranging from dizziness to cardiac arrest. These effects are predictable given the vagus nerve's role in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Explanation:

The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, is primarily responsible for the regulation of internal organ functions. When the vagus nerve is stimulated excessively, it results in what is known as the vagal response. This response can significantly decrease the heart rate, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. The results of extreme vagus nerve stimulation on the heart are generally predictable based on understanding the function of the vagus nerve in the body's parasympathetic nervous system.

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What has the fda mandated be added to foods containing olestra?

Answers

Fat  soluble   vitamins  has  the   FDA  mandate  be  added   to  food  containing  olestra.
     Olestra  inhibits  the  absorption  of  some  vitamin   and  other  nutrient. Vitamin  A, D,E    and  K    have  to  be   added  to  the  food  containing   olestra.   According   to  food  and  drug  Administration  olestra  containing  food  would  need  to   bear  a  label   statement   to  inform  consumers  about  possible  effect  of  olestra   on  the   gastrointestinal  system

The shuffling of chromosomes that occurs during both fertilization and _____ can lead to genetic variation. the shuffling of chromosomes that occurs during both fertilization and _____ can lead to genetic variation. natural selection genetic drift mutation meiosis mitosis

Answers

meiosis :) should be the answer



How is feedback inhibition important to the body systems?

- The body is more efficient when it ignores feedback

- The body systems have a chance to work in isolation.

- reaction to a stimulus helps maintain homeostasis.

- reaction to a stimulus controls the external environment.

Answers

Reaction to a stimulus helps maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is important for the body to keep it in a balance temperature. It helps the body to obtain its equilibrium or balancing the functions of the body parts.

The correct answer is reaction to a stimulus helps maintain homeostasis.


While observing the sun, you note a large number of sunspots. what can you conclude?

Answers

Final answer:

A large number of sunspots indicates an active phase in the solar cycle with increased magnetic activity on the Sun's surface. It also suggests heightened solar activity, such as flares, and signifies a period close to the sunspot maximum phase of the cycle.

Explanation:

Observing a large number of sunspots suggests that the Sun is in an active phase of its solar cycle. Sunspots are large, dark features on the Sun's surface due to increased magnetic activity. They are cooler regions compared to the surrounding areas, typically around 3800 K versus the brighter regions at about 5800 K. The occurrence of sunspots is associated with the solar cycle, which has an average period of 11 years, fluctuating between periods of sunspot maximum and minimum.

During the maximum phase, more than 100 spots can often be seen on the Sun’s surface. The frequency and number of sunspots can also indicate heightened solar activities such as solar flares, which occur more often near sunspot maximum and contribute to more conspicuous solar phenomena like a stronger solar corona. Careful and regular observation allows one to track these sunspot cycles and understand the patterns of increased and decreased solar activity.

If fertilization does not occur, the uterine lining is shed in a process called

Answers

The process called menstruation.

Why might genetically engineering a crop to be herbicide resistant result in producing weeds that are herbicide resistant?
The genetically engineered design is flawed so weeds are not affected.
The weeds that are not affected by the herbicide are able to reproduce.
Insects that are not affected by the herbicide can pollinate new species of weeds.
The weeds will become tolerant to the herbicide through repeated exposure.

Answers

Final answer:

Herbicide resistant weeds can emerge when genes flow from genetically engineered crops to weeds via cross-pollination, or the weeds develop resistance through repeated exposure to the herbicide.

Explanation:

Genetically engineering a crop to be herbicide resistant might result in producing weeds that are herbicide resistant through a process known as gene flow. This happens when the genetically engineered crops cross-pollinate with nearby weeds. Some of the offspring of these weeds could inherit the herbicide resistance trait, making them more likely to survive and reproduce in an environment where that herbicide is being used. Over several generations, this could result in a population of weeds that are resistant to the herbicide. In other cases, weeds may become herbicide resistant through repeated exposure to the herbicide, which can lead to the evolution of herbicide resistance.

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The piece of dna that will be made into an rna and eventually a protein is called a

Answers

Transcription from DNA to mRNA occurs in the ___ of the eukaryotes. nucleus. Translation. a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Each tRNA binds to a specific sequence of 3 bases called a codon. 

Many cars use electricity stored in lithium ion batteries as an alternative fuel. While there are many positive benefits to this technology, what negative impacts do they present? 

Answer choices:
A) Reduces air pollution B) Decreases carbon emissions C) Disposal of spent batteries D) Cut dependence on fossil fuels

Answers

the answer is C disposal of spent batteries

A metal surface becomes dull on exposure to air. phyiscal or chemical change?

Answers

This is a chemical change.
A metal surface becomes dull on exposure to air is a chemical change. A physical change is ice melting or breaking. It is still the same chemical (H20). Also if a metal surface got scratched it is a physical change. Still the same chemical, just scratched up. But the metal surface reacting to to the air is a chemical change. For example copper, when exposed to air turns green. It is not just pure copper any more. It now has a different chemical structure. The green is a copper oxide.

All head injuries should be treated as ________ , and require ________.

Answers

Out  of the following given choices;

A. unimportant; no medical attention

B. stable; the R.I.C.E. formula

C. severe; immediate medical attention

D. severe; the R.I.C.E. formula

The answer is C. Head injuries should never be overlooked. This is because the brain could be damaged yet it is the most important organ of the body. Many symptoms of serious brain injury won’t appear right away. Some injuries result to internal hemorrhage that is not detected then but later causes serious brain damage such as intracranial hematoma.






Answer:

Yes it’s C give her/him brainlest

Explanation:

Your spinal cord works like a a0 wire, sending messages back and forth between your body and your brain.

Answers

Your spinal cord works like a Telephone wire, sending messages back and forth between your body and your brain.

Answer:

Telephone wire

Explanation:

The spinal cord can be compared to a telephone wire. This is because both of these objects operate in similar ways. A telephone wire allows a message to be transmitted from the speaker to the listener. In a similar way, the spinal cord allows a message to travel between your body and your brain, fulfilling an important role.

Some embryos do not survive through to the fetal stage, which begins about two months after fertilization. When this happens, the mother is said to have had A) endometriosis. B) a miscarriage. C) a toxic shock. D) an implantation.

Answers

the answer is b. miscarriage

Answer:

It's B trust me

Explanation:

Miscarriage

Is the chromosome number related to the complexity of the organism?

Answers

there  is  no relationship  or   correlation  between   the   number  of  chromosome  and  the   complexity   of  an  organism. Example  in  horse  which  has  more   chromosome  than  we  do have  but  we  can  say  that horses  are  more  complex than  the  human  being.

Nerve roots in the spine are the key component of intervertebral disks.
a. True
b. False

Answers

a) nerve roots in the spine are the key componet of intervertebrak disks

I hope this helps you:)

Answer:

The correct answer is - false.

Explanation:

The nerve root is the beginning part of a nerve that leaves CNS and the spinal cord. It is the initial part of the nerve that is present in between the intervertebral disks and runs through spines which acts as a shock absorber and protects these nerves to any type of damage to these nerves.

The nerve root is not the component of the inter-vertebral disks but initial part of the nerves which are protected by these shock absorbers.

Thus, the correct answer is - false.

Extracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria in body fluids are attacked by _____. view available hint(s)

Answers

Answer:  "antibodies" .  (specifically, "antibodies from plasma cells" .).
__________________________________________________________

Compaction is most significant as a lithification process for sedimentary rocks composed of sand-sized particles.
a. true
b. false

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Lithification is defined as the summation of compaction and cementation. Finer materials undergo compaction due to the force exerted by the overlying sediment layers. Clay particles (diameter < 0.002mm) undergo more compaction because they are finest in terms of size whereas silt (diameter 0.002-0.06mm) and sand-size sediments (0.06-2mm) are relatively coarser..

So, compaction is relatively a more significant process for clay particles than the silt and sand-sized particles.

Hence the given statement is false.

Compaction is NOT the most significant process as a lithification process for sedimentary rocks composed of sand-sized particles.

Sedimentary rocks are as a result of compaction, lithification  and cementation.

Further ExplanationRock A rock is a naturally occurring substances that is a solid mixture of one or more minerals together with organic matter.Rocks are classified based on the chemical composition, texture and the way they are formed.  Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are types of rocks that are formed through accumulation of sediments at low temperatures in tectonic layers and sinks. The process involved include compaction and cementation of sediments.These sediments includes; pebbles, shells, sand and other material fragments.  The sediments accumulates in layers and then harden into rocks over a period of time.Examples of sedimentary rocks include; limestone and conglomerate

Lithification, cementation and compaction

Lithification is the process by which sediments combine to form sedimentary rocks. Compaction involves the consolidation of sediments due to the intense pressure and weight of the overlying deposits. Compaction takes place when sediments get buried.Cementation is the process through which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue grains of sediments together.Other types of rocks Metamorphic rocksThese are types of rocks that are formed as a result of changes that occurs due to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the earth. They result from action of heat and pressure on other rocks that pre-existed.These types of rocks are characterized by shiny crystals, ribbon-like layers among other features.Examples of metamorphic rocks are marble and gneissIgneous rocks These are types of rocks that are formed as a result hardening and cooling of magma from volcanic eruptions. Magma may cool inside the earth or when on the surface of the earth as a result of volcanic eruptions. The lava from this eruptions cools and hardens to form metamorphic rocks.Igneous rocks are glass-like and shiny with no crystals. They may also have tiny spaces and holes due to gas bubbles trapped during the cooling process.Examples of igneous rocks include obsidian and basalt.

Key words: Rocks, lithification, cementation and compaction, sedimentary rocks, examples of sedimentary rocks, other types of rocks.

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Level; High school

Subject: Geography

Topic:  Rocks

sub-topic: classification of rocks

In two or more complete sentences describe how a dam placed in a river can act as both a constructive and destructive force.

Answers

The good thing about a dam is that electricity can be created by mechanical means. That does not affect the atmosphere. Storing such production is a different matter.

The bad thing about a dam is that it wreaks havoc on the land where the water is stored behind the dam.

Answer:

Dams are constructed over the narrow valleys and it acts like a barrier that obstructs the water from the flow. There are both advantages as well as disadvantages in constructing a dam.

Some of the constructive force or advantages of dams are as follows-

1) It generates electricity .

2) It is often used for irrigation and industrial purposes.

3) it is used for farming purposes in water such as raising as well as harvesting of fishes and other aquatic plants.

Some disadvantages are-

1) It degrades water quality.

2) Aquatic organisms are affected thereby harming the ecosystem.

3) It obstructs the flow of water.

4) Failure of a dam causes flood.

How conditions in the biome affect the plant and animal life in contains

Answers

Climate affects the temperature, amount of water and amount of sunlight in an area. These factors affect the look of the land, as well as what types of plants and animals can survive in the biome. When the climate changes drastically, it can have seriously negative impacts on the biome.

The temperature and amounts of water and sunlight an area gets make up the basic building blocks of the climate. Somewhere with low rainfall, high temperatures and large amounts of sunlight leads to a dry, arid climate, for example. This in turn creates a desert-like biome. The plants and animals evolve in response to this harsh climate to conserve as much water as possible, and the animals often become nocturnal to deal with the high temperatures. Alternatively, somewhere with a lot of water, moderate sunlight and moderate to high temperatures creates a tropical biome, filled with lush plant life and many different species of animals. Frigid temperatures with little sunlight, such as in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, evolve fewer animals and organisms because of the climate. The climate is one of the most important parts of how a biome evolves. Geography also has a huge impact, since it affects the amount of water, type of soil and elevation.
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