Calculate what the maximum rate of translation by a ribosome in a bacterial cell would have to be, in units of amino acids per second, so as not to overtake an rna polymerase that is transcribing mrna at a rate of 60 nucleotides per second.
What special structures are needed for green plants? A. chloroplasts and chlorophyll B. stems and roots C. cotyledon and embryo D. flowers and spores
Final answer:
The special structures required for green plants are chloroplasts and chlorophyll, crucial for the process of photosynthesis. Option A
Explanation:
The special structures needed for green plants are chloroplasts and chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plants and some algae. They are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This process is facilitated by chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants their green color by absorbing sunlight.
Chlorophylls, along with carotenoid pigments, are housed within the chloroplasts. While stems and roots, cotyledon and embryo, as well as flowers and spores, are indeed important to plant development and reproduction, it is the chloroplasts and chlorophyll that are critical for the plant's ability to undergo photosynthesis, hence making option A. chloroplasts and chlorophyll the correct answer. Option A
Pure Aluminum foil distilled water Na Cl (table salt) Gold Bar (pure Au) All of these may be classified as A) elements. B) compounds. C) pure substances. D) organic compound.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
pure substances
Pure Aluminum foil, distilled water, NaCl (table salt), and Gold Bar (pure Au) All of these may be classified as pure substances. Therefore, option C is correct.
What are pure substances?Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one type of particle, either atoms or molecules and have a constant composition throughout.
They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means, such as filtering or distillation. Examples of pure substances include elements, which are composed of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Pure substances have well-defined physical and chemical properties, such as melting and boiling points, that can be used to identify them. Thus, option C is correct.
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A friend argues that redundancy of the genetic code is due to wobble pairing. explain why this isn't the case.
Redundancy refers to the phenomenon where more than one codon in DNA code for the same amino acid. Wobble pairing means base pairing that does not follow the canonical G-C and (U)A-T rule. Wobble pairing allows for a tRNA to specify for more than one type of amino acid during the translation process.
Answer:
1. Wobble pairing is the phenomenon where the last nucleotide of the triplet codon is mainly rendered useless most of the time. But Redundancy is the phenomenon where one codon codes for more than one amino acid.
2. They are just opposite to each other, where in Wooble Hypothesis, more than one codon codes same amino acid, but in DNA redundancy, one codon codes for more than one amino acid.
3. Redundancy is seen In lower organisms, but Wooble hypotheses is seen in all organisms.
What happens to the force of gravity between two masses if one mass is increased
When the land and the sea warm up at different rates during the day, what is the most likely result? A. a breeze B. rain C.snow D. warm temperature
A. a breeze
A breeze is caused by unequal heating and cooling of adjoining areas of the surface of the Earth. It is strongest during the day in warm, dry weather. More intense solar radiation leads to stronger breeze. It can be countered or augmented by winds moving through pressure systems.
[tex]\huge\mathfrak\red {Answer}[/tex]
When the land and sea warm up around different rates during the day, a breeze is the most likely result.
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Perforation plates are characteristic of the ________ of __________.
What structures make up the outer ear?
The primary enzyme for digesting cholesterol esters in the small intestine is called:
The enzyme is cholesterol esterase. This enzyme is found in the pancreatic juice and is usually secreted by the exocrine pancreas. Cholesterol esterase digests cholesterol esters in the lumen of the small intestine into free fatty acids and cholesterol. In the small intestine, bile salts such as cholate and its conjugate is required to stabilized this enzyme in its polymeric form and protect it from proteolytic hydrolysis.
Plant pollen found in sediment layers can provide scientists with information on how the Earth's climate has changed over time true or false
Increased secretion of androgens at puberty stimulates typical body hair growth patterns in both adolescent males and females.
a. True
b. False
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What do you think will happen when you leave the paper in the container overnight?
The results of leaving the paper in the container overnight would depend on what's on the paper and the conditions of the environment. This can range from no noticeable changes to significant biological growth if the paper contains seeds, bacteria, or other organisms.
Explanation:The outcome of leaving the paper in the container overnight will largely depend on the environmental conditions of the container and the paper itself. For example, in the study mentioned, two petri dishes, A and B, were used with 20 tobacco seeds each. Dish B was exposed to a cycle of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark. The results after 7 and 14 days showed that light exposure has a significant effect on seed germination.
If the paper in question contains something like seeds, bacteria, or other living organisms and the conditions are right (moisture, light, temperature), there may be some growth or other changes. If the paper is just regular, it may absorb moisture from the air in the container and become damp. If the container is airtight and the paper is damp, over time you might see mold growth given the right conditions.
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Six fingered offspring are formed from normal parents, why?
Calculate the percentage of mass remaining for Samples A, B, and C to the nearest tenth of a percent. Record the percent of mass remaining in Table A of your Student Guide.
The percentage of mass remaining for Samples A, B, and C to the nearest tenth of a percent are mentioned below:
sample A: 100.0%
sample B: 98.6%
sample C: 100.0%
What is mass?Mass is a property of matter which is use to measure the gravitational force.Gravitational force is a force which act on objects which have a matter i.e a object which contains mass.
Gravitational force is force which act between two objects which have a mass and both object are try to attract each other.
Mathematically we can say that :-
If a body mass M1 and another body mass with M2 and separate a distance by r then :-
Gravitational force is equal to
F = G×M1×M2/R^2
Where G is gravitational constant.
Gravitational force is directly promotional to the product of M1 and M2 it means higher the mass higher will force of attraction.
Gravitational force is inversely proportional to radius to the distance between them. So we can say that mass is a property of matter which is use to measure the gravitational force.
Therefore, The percentage of mass remaining for Samples A, B, and C to the nearest tenth of a percent are mentioned below:
sample A: 100.0%
sample B: 98.6%
sample C: 100.0%
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Atp synthesis in chloroplasts is very similar to that in mitochondria: electron transport is coupled to the formation of a proton (h ) gradient across a membrane. the energy in this proton gradient is then used to power atp synthesis. two types of processes that contribute to the formation of the proton gradient are:
Answer:
a. processes that release H+ from compounds that contain hydrogen, and
b. processes that transport H+ across the thylakoid membrane.
Explanation:
ATP synthesis can be defined as the process where ATP is produced from the transfer of electrons from membrane to the matrix of the cells. When ATP is synthesized, it is used as a source of energy in the at organism.
ATP is synthesized in plants using the enzyme ATP synthase that is found in the chloroplasts during the process of photosynthesis.
Electron transport is joined to the formation of a proton (h ) gradient by processes that release H+ from compounds that contain hydrogen, and processes that transport H+ across the thylakoid membrane across the membrane. The energy present in this proton gradient is then used to start up the process of synthesizing ATP.
The two types of processes that contribute to the formation of the proton (H+) gradient across a membrane in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, leading to ATP synthesis, are:*Electron Transport Chain (ETC) & Chemiosmotic Process.
1. **Electron Transport Chain (ETC)**: In both chloroplasts and mitochondria, the electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial or thylakoid membrane. During the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred from one complex to another, creating a flow of electrons (a flow of charges) through the membrane.
2. Chemiosmotic Process: This is a crucial mechanism in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. As protons are pumped across the membrane during electron transport, a concentration gradient of protons is established, with a higher concentration of protons on one side of the membrane. This creates a proton motive force (PMF), consisting of both a proton concentration gradient (chemical gradient) and an electric potential difference (voltage gradient). The energy stored in this proton gradient is then used to power ATP synthesis through a protein complex called ATP synthase, which allows protons to flow back across the membrane and couples this flow to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
In both organelles, the coupling of electron transport and the creation of a proton gradient to ATP synthesis via ATP synthase is a fundamental process that enables these organelles to produce ATP, the cell's primary energy currency.
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You're looking for a "few good fats" that include essential fatty acids. the best place to find them would be in a ____________.
How do doctors and researchers decide whether a disease is a good candidate for gene therapy? what are the advantages and disadvantages of using viral vectors for gene therapy? what factors must be considered when choosing a vector for a gene therapy trial? a young boy suffers from neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1), a genetic nervous system disorder that causes tumors to grow around nerve cells. the gene for nf1, approximately 8,400 base pairs long, is located on chromosome 11. what is the best candidate for a vector for gene therapy in this case? provide evidence from your research to support your choice. how does traditional gene therapy compare to the crispr-cas9 genome editing system? genome editing has many advantages for treating and preventing diseases, however there are many ethical concerns. explain one ethical concern related to genome editing. many athletes and administrators fear the widespread use of gene doping—the use of gene therapy to modify genes that improve athletic performance. describe at least two genetic modifications that would improve the performance of an athlete. make sure to mention the body system(s) affected as well as the specific goal of the therapy. explain how gene therapy can impact the future of humans as it relates to curing diseases and gene selection?
Diseases that are best candidates for gene therapy are those whose disorder has been identified to be a malfunctioning gene and the biology of the gene is well known. Gene therapy is also viable where the proper gene can be correctly delivered and replace the malfunctioned one.
The advantage of using viruses in gene theory is their effectiveness in delivering the desired gene by tapping into their natural mechanisms of infection. However, disadvantages include the risks of affecting healthy cells while targeting sick cells and wrong placement of the desired gene hence causing undesirable mutations in DNA.
One factor is the length of the DNA that is required to be replaced through gene therapy. Most vectors have a maximum length of DNA that they can carry for effective transduction. Another is the range of cell types that the vector can infect and the risk of immune response/ allergic reaction/ side effects.
The best vectors are herpes or vaccinia viruses. The viruses are able to infect non-dividing cells such as the nerve cell. The vectors can accommodate 8400 bp in their genome and the transgene expressions have the potential to last long.
Traditional gene editing techniques such as TALENS and ZFN use modular proteins that target nucleotide sequences. In the CRISPR tool, the Cas9 protein is steered by a guide RNA (which is a complementary sequence to the target sequence) to the target region.
One ethical issue of gene editing is its use in genetic enhancement to develop ‘designer babies’. The question of who should decide on whether a trait is bad or good also complicates this matter. The morality of artificiality enhancing attributes such as strength, athletic capability, intelligence, and etcetera could lead to an unhealthy ‘arms race’ between humans.
In sports doping, gene editing could be used to enhance genes that enhance muscle strength by targeting myostatin (MSTN) and GF-1 genes. Genes that promote quick break down of lactic acid and increases oxygen capacity of the lungs and blood such as EPO gene could be targets of sports doping.
Gene editing will treat diseases and disorders by repairing the causative defective gene. This is already applicable in cystic fibrosis. Artificial gene selection will be common in future thanks to gene editing. Future humans will, therefore, have ‘desirable traits’ or new traits depending on what is appealing to the society.
Which statement is true about gravitational force? It is inversely proportional to mass. It increases with distance. It is an attractive force that depends on mass and distance. It is an attractive force that depends on temperature and pressure.
Answer:
the third one
Explanation:
Which type of behavior would an arboreal creature most likely exhibit?
Final answer:
An arboreal creature would likely exhibit behaviors such as grasping branches with prehensile hands, having forward-oriented eyes for depth perception, and using unique locomotion adaptations like brachiation or vertical clinging and leaping to navigate a tree-dwelling lifestyle.
Explanation:
An arboreal creature is one that lives in trees, so the types of behaviors they would most likely exhibit include adaptations like grasping or prehensile hands, forward-oriented eyes, and depth perception, as suggested by the Arboreal Theory. These traits have evolved to assist with mobility and survival in an arboreal environment. Creatures such as primates have developed these characteristics to move successfully through the trees, spot and capture prey like insects, and grasp branches securely. Additional behaviors may include brachiation, which is swinging from branch to branch using long front limbs, as seen in gibbons, and vertical clinging and leaping, which involves using elongated ankle bones and long fingers and toes to push off when leaping from one tree to another.
Arboreal quadrupeds, like some primates, also exhibit specialized locomotion with shorter arms and legs and longer tails for balance in trees, compared to their terrestrial counterparts. These adaptations are crucial for maintaining balance and efficiently moving in a three-dimensional space.
A layer of shale that contains a distinctive fossil could be used as a _____. marker bed geologic contact stratigraphic sequence depositional contact
Genetic drift can best be defined as
Answer:
A change in the allelic frequency within a population due to random chance.
Explanation:
in what ways is the ocean at 1,000 meters deep different from the ocean at the surface in the same location
Identify each family member's genotype in this pedigree for high-altitude adaptation. if you can't tell with certainty whether an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant, place the label "rr or rr" in that box.
A client who has been taking furosemide has a serum potassium level of 3.2 meq/l. which assessment findings by the nurse would confirm an electrolyte imbalance?
Shrimp are primary consumers that feed on photosynthetic organisms. why would these organisms likely be found only in shallow ocean zones?
Which of the following types of models would be most affective to demonstrate the relationship between distance and time
The Global Positioning System is a survey-based system that can precisely determine latitude and longitude points on Earth’s surface. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
The major threat the GM foods pose to human health is:
You are a researcher interested in a group of related bird species. All of these birds are fairly similar in their ecological niche, food requirements, and habitat preferences. But they vary in their mating practices. One species is polygynous and another is polyandrous with the third species being monogamous. In which species would you expect that males would produce the largest volume of sperm?
The monogamous species
The polygynous species
The polyandrous species
None of the above: all three would produce similar amounts of sperm
While studying related bird species with similar ecological niche, food requirements, and habitat preferences but different mating practices following observation are made:
One species is polygynous Second species is polyandrous Third species being monogamousIt can be concluded that the male from the polygynous species produce the largest volume of sperm.
Further Explanation:
In polygonous species, only single male is present and many females are present in this group. In this, one male mates with many females. Thus, in this group male produce many sperm to mate with every female in the group.
In polyandrous species, only single female is present in the group and there are many males are present in this group. Many females mate with only one male. Thus, less volume of sperm is produce because only one individual is responsible for producing sperm. In monogamous species, equal number of female and males mate with each other. So, the level of production of sperm is normal.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: Reproduction in Birds
Keywords:
Males, females, polyandrous, monogamous, polygonous, sperm, mate, produce, single, production, equal, individual, responsible, level.