The sun is the ultimate source of energy in any ecosystem. Solar energy is captured by plants to produce food in the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water using solar energy is converted into to glucose and oxygen. In glucose molecules energy is stored to carry out life processes of plants.
Other organisms, in turn, feed on plants and break down glucose molecules in the process of cellular respiration to release energy. The released energy is utilized by the cells to synthesize a chemical molecule, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the energy currency for cells. ATP supply energy for all the metabolic activities of organisms.
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Metabolic reactions are necessary for the body to function and maintain homeostasis. Which of the following statements describes an enzyme’s role in these reactions?
A. Enzymes are formed into lipids.
B. Enzymes are catalysts that lower the activation energy allowing the reaction to occur.
C. Enzymes are used up as a part of the reaction and cannot be used again.
D. Enzymes can be any shape to bind to the substrate.
Motor nerve and all the muscle fibers it controls is called
What percentage of water vapor is found in the air?
0 to 4 percent
4 to 8 percent
0 to 10 percent
5 to 10 percent
Answer:
0 to 4 percent is the percentage of water vapor found in the air.
Explanation:
The percentage of water vapor can range from 0,000002% to as high 4%.
The vapor content in the air varies from place and time because the humidity is determined by the temperature of each zone.
For example at 30 celsius degrees, a volume of air contains 4% water vapor. At -40 celsius degrees approximately 0.2%.
The process by which an rna copy is made from dna.
__________ is a disorder caused by the deficiency of one of the enzymes needed to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine to the normally nonessential amino acid tyrosine; as a result, tyrosine cannot be made and becomes conditionally essential.
Answer:
mild PKU
Explanation:
Briefly describe how the artificial manipulation of plasmids has been used for technological applications
The incorporation of a desired gene from specie to another is achieved using plasmids. We can also say it is used to incorporate a desired gene from particular specie to specie. It is also genetic modification.
The process by which the genetic makeup of an organism is altered is known as genetic modification or genetic engineering.
Examples in this case would be to take a plasmid into antibiotic-resistant bacteria and put it into bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotic, for that reason plasmid insertion into the bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotic would make it to be resistant to antibiotic.
Plasmids are a small molecule of DNA within a cell physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and is able to replicate independently. Plasmids are mostly found in bacteria as small circular, double-stranded DNA, though they are also presents in archaea and eukaryotic organisms.
Plasmids typically can be found in bacterial cells and the gene they carried has advantage towards bacteria (antibiotic resistance). Plasmids are wide in lengths, from about 1000 base pairs to hundred thousands of base pairs.
Plasmids are commonly used by scientists as tools to clone and manipulate genes. Plasmids that are used for these particular purposes are called vectors.
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resistant to antibiotic desired gene genetic modification base pairs bacteria
What are the 4 steps to purify DNA from a cheek swab.
The four steps to purify DNA from a cheek swab are as follows:
Collect the cells from the required site, i.e. Cheek swab.Break or disrupt the cell in order to release DNA content.Now, separate this content of DNA from proteinaceous constituents.Isolated the required DNA with the phenol-chloroform method. What is DNA purification?DNA purification may be defined as a type of process through which various physical and chemical methods are utilized in order to separate DNA from cell membranes, proteins, and other cellular components.
DNA extraction is carried out by organic extraction which is known as phenol-chloroform methods and non-organic extraction which is known as salting out and proteinase K treatment. Apart from these two most common methods, other methods are also utilized for the same.
Therefore, the four steps of DNA purification from a cheek swab are well described above.
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Evaporative coolers are primarily used in climates where the summers are:
why do producers need decomposers?
consumers need the producer to eat and not starve
and decomposers. Decomposers are the garbage men of the animal kingdom; they take all the dead animals and plants
The food and nutrition board of the national academies defines ________ as non-digestible carbohydrates that occur naturally in plant foods.
Dietary fiber is defined as nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that occur naturally in plants, comprising soluble and insoluble types with respective health benefits for digestion.
The food and nutrition board of the national academies defines "nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that occur naturally in plant foods" as dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is a crucial part of a healthy diet, providing numerous health benefits. It is classified into two types: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber.
Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help to slow down the absorption of nutrients, which reduces insulin spikes.
Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and helps to add bulk to the stool, thereby stimulating digestive movement. Both types of fibers are found in various plant foods, and their roles are essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system.
Sinusitis ,bronchitis, and asthma are all associated with
Nicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a ligand and associates with specific cells in the nervous system. nicotine eventually produces feelings of pleasure and well-being. below are the events that happen in the cellular response to nicotine. place the events in the correct order to describe the steps in the signaling pathway.
a. the acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and, when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
b. an influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
c. nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
d. the signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
e. nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). c, d, b, a, e a, d, b, c, e nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). c, a, b, d, e b, a, c, d, e
The sequence of events is c, a, b, d, e. This defines nicotine dependence /addiction. A person with nicotine dependence cannot stop smoking even when their health deteriorates. Withdrawal symptoms associated with nicotine dependence include; lightheadedness, anxiety, problems focusing, slow pulse, and mood depression.
Nicotine binds to acetylcholine receptors, opens ion channels causing an influx of ions, which leads to dopamine release and pleasurable feelings, and is quickly eliminated causing cravings for more cigarettes.
This detailed answer explains the correct order of events in the cellular response to nicotine in the signaling pathway.The correct order of events in the cellular response to nicotine in the signaling pathway is:
c. Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.a. The cholinergic receptor functions as an ion channel that opens in response to ligand binding.b. The signal is sent to the brain's reward regions by an influx of ions.d. The signal triggers the brain's dopamine release, which results in positive emotions..e. The body rapidly rids itself of nicotine, which leads to desires for more smokes to feel good.which is not considered a sex-linked trait
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem describes the maximum number of organisms that can be supported by the water, food, shelter, etc., that is available in that ecosystem. What will be the most likely result if an ecosystem tries to exceed its carrying capacity?
A. The birth rate will increase. B. More food will be grown to meet the demand. C. The death rate will increase. D. More houses will be built to shelter people.
The death rate will increase will be the most likely result if an ecosystem tries to exceed its carrying capacity. So, the correct option is C.
What is Carrying capacity?The carrying capacity of an environment is defined as the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other available resources.
As the carrying capacity of the ecosystem is reached, greater pressure is placed on the supply that the ecosystem can supply which causes collapse which causes death rates to increase. Carrying capacity is explained as the population size at which the population growth rate equals zero.
Thus, the death rate will increase will be the most likely result if an ecosystem tries to exceed its carrying capacity. So, the correct option is C.
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What are the events of smooth muscle contraction? check all that apply. initiated by ca2+ binding to intracellular calmodulin troponin activates tropomyosin ca2+/calmodulin complex activates mlck activated mlck to activate myosin atpase?
Which correctly compares the immunity produced by a vaccine with the immunity produced by injection of antibodies from an external source? Injection of antibodies helps the body develop memory cells, which only produces a temporary immunity, whereas a vaccine can fight infection for years. A vaccine helps the body develop memory cells that make immunity last, whereas injection of antibodies only produces a temporary immunity. Injection of antibodies helps the body develop its own copies of the antibodies so immunity lasts, whereas a vaccine only produces a temporary immunity. A vaccine actively attacks pathogens until it is used up so immunity is temporary, whereas injected antibodies will remain passively in the blood, giving immunity for life.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Mitosis and binary fission are both forms of cell division that produce identical, or close to identical, daughter cells. What is a difference between these two processes? Mitosis involves two rounds of divisions, whereas binary fission only involves one round of divisions. Mitosis takes longer because it involves more chromosomes and is a more complicated process. Binary fission involves multiple chromosomes, while mitosis only involves one circular chromosome. Binary fission takes longer because prokaryotic cells are more primitive and slower than eukaryotic cells.
The statement "Mitosis involves two rounds of divisions, whereas binary fission only involves one round of divisions" is not accurate. In fact, both mitosis and binary fission involve a single round of cell division.
1. **Mitosis**:
- Mitosis is a process of cell division in eukaryotic cells, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- It consists of one round of cell division, during which the cell's nucleus divides into two, and the chromosomes are evenly distributed between the daughter cells.
- Mitosis is a fundamental process in eukaryotic growth, tissue repair, and asex-ual reproduction.
2. **Binary Fission**:
- Binary fission is a process of cell division in prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria and archaea.
- It also involves a single round of cell division, during which the parent cell replicates its circular DNA and then divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Binary fission is a means of asex-ual reproduction for prokaryotes and is a relatively simple and rapid process.
Therefore, the main difference between mitosis and binary fission is not the number of rounds of division but the type of cells in which they occur (eukaryotic for mitosis and prokaryotic for binary fission) and the specific mechanisms involved.
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A boy falls while riding his bike. a scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. what response is occurring? a boy falls while riding his bike. a scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. what response is occurring? lytic response adaptive immune response autoimmune response inflammatory response
Some bears kept in the zoo allow veterinarians to routinely give them total body checkups. these bears open their mouths for teeth cleaning and present their paws for nail clipping. your friend wonders how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. you, however, a psychology student, quickly surmise that the bears had most likely undergone
Answer: Operant Conditioning
Some bears must have had undergone operant conditioning that is why they open their mouths for teeth cleaning and present their paws for nail clipping.
Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which a reward or punishment is given for some voluntary behavior.
Bears that have undergone operant conditioning are called food-conditioned bears. They are dangerous but learned to approach humans, or frequent human-occupied sites, in search of food (reward).
What is not one of the beneficial characteristics of a vegetarian diet?
One beneficial element often lacking in a vegetarian diet is the provision of all essential amino acids. While vegetarian diets offer many health benefits, they often require careful meal planning to ensure all essential amino acids are included from plant-based sources.
Explanation:A beneficial characteristic typically not associated with a vegetarian diet is provision of all essential amino acids. Complete proteins, which contain all essential amino acids, are typically found in animal sources like meat, dairy, and eggs. Vegetarian diets rely on plant-based foods that usually lack one or more essential amino acids, so vegetarians must combine different sources to ensure they receive all the necessary amino acids.
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Lower saturated fat and cholesterol intake, reducing heart disease risk, is not the only beneficial characteristic of a vegetarian diet.
While a vegetarian diet indeed reduces the intake of saturated fats and cholesterol, it offers a range of other advantages. Vegetarian diets are linked to a lower risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and hypertension. They can be effective for weight management due to lower calorie density and higher fiber content.
Additionally, these diets are considered more environmentally sustainable, with reduced resource consumption and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Ethical considerations often drive the choice of a vegetarian diet, promoting animal welfare by minimizing or eliminating animal product consumption. Moreover, well-planned vegetarian diets can be rich in nutrient-dense foods, offering essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
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A tomato breeder has noticed that a hybrid is not attracting pollinators to its flowers. What genetic change may have occurred in this hybrid? What does that mean for the long-term survival of the hybrid?
A genetic change in a hybrid tomato impacting pollinator attraction may threaten its long-term survival by reducing seed production. Examples include mutations affecting flower traits, such as those influenced by the Style2.1 gene. Hybridization techniques must balance effectiveness with practicability, and the genetic change needed for speciation can be minimal.
Genetic Changes in Hybrid Tomatoes and Pollination
A genetic change that might occur in a hybrid tomato causing it not to attract pollinators could involve a mutation in a gene affecting flower morphology, scent, or color, which are essential traits for attracting pollinators. An example is a mutation in the Style2.1 gene that affects the protrusion of the stigma beyond the anthers, a trait that could impact pollinator attraction. If pollinators are not attracted to the flowers, then the hybrid tomato's long-term survival could be threatened due to reduced seed set and therefore fewer offspring in subsequent generations.
The need to self-pollinate tomatoes for several generations after hybridization is to stabilize desired traits within the new variety. This contrasts with the concept of dehybridization, which is typically used with naturally inbreeding crops to capture specific desirable traits while reducing hybrid vigor. The downside of dehybridizing is that it can lead to inbreeding depression and a loss of beneficial genetic diversity.
When considering hybridization systems for tomatoes, options such as hand emasculation, male sterility, and genetic engineering have different strengths and weaknesses. Hand emasculation is labor-intensive, male sterility can be environmentally sensitive, and genetic engineering offers the most targeted modifications with minimal non-target effects. Personal preference for a hybridization method would be based on a balance of these factors.
Genetic change required for a new species can sometimes be minimal, involving a change in only a few gene loci. This change could provide a prezygotic isolating mechanism, preventing cross-pollination and thus, species divergence.
The stronger the stimulus, the more powerful the action potential. true or false?
Mary breckinridge developed her skills as a nurse midwife in _____.
Final answer:
Mary Breckinridge developed her skills as a nurse midwife in New York and through her wartime service in the First World War.
Explanation:
Mary Breckinridge developed her skills as a nurse midwife in several places including New York and abroad during her service in the First World War. Denied admission to Canadian nursing schools, her journey began at the New Rochdale (New York) Hospital School of Nursing in 1914. Her experiences as a public health and school nurse, and later as a Nursing Sister with the American Expeditionary Force's Army Medical Corps during the war, undoubtedly contributed to her skill set as a nurse midwife. Post-war, she continued this noble work until her retirement in 1955.
What animals such as jellyfish or worms may be preserved as carbonaceous films in black shales.?
Elephantiasis is a common condition caused by roundworms; peoples' feet and legs swell up from roundworms blocking the flow of lymphatics. Roundworms can shed their skin and move in soil by a push-and-pull movement of their muscles. They have a digestive system and very primitive excretory and nervous systems.
Answer:
mollusks.
Explanation:
Mollusks and other soft-bodied animals as jellyfish or worms may be preserved as carbonaceous films in black shales.
These animals generally have a body divided into: head, foot and visceral mass. The sense organs are found in the head. The foot is responsible for the movements and, in some animals, like the octopus, it can be replaced by the tentacles. The visceral mass is where all the organs are located.
I need help on a Biology practice please?
1. A unicellular organism with no nucleus is a (1 point)
2. The type of infection in which a virus does not immediately start replicating itself, but inserts a piece of DNA into the host cell’s genome which becomes activated at a later date is called a (1 point)
3. A spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote is called (1 point)
4. The thick internal wall that can enclose a prokaryote’s DNA and some cytoplasm when conditions are unfavorable is called a (1 point)
The nurse is caring for a 79-year-old patient. the patient has had diabetes for 10 years and comes to the hospital for regular checkups. the nurse finds that the patient has developed a nonhealing wound on the left foot. the nurse is dressing the patient's wound. while performing the dressing, the nurse is unsure about the dilution of the antiseptic solution to be used. what should the nurse do
Sandi is diagnosed as having two conditions: migraine headaches and hypertension. a mental health professional should consider her as suffering from ____.
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Sally is examining some untitled diagrams. One diagram shows a cotyledon, primary leaf, and hypocotyls, whereas the other diagram shows presence of coleoptile, primary leaf, and primary root. What do these diagrams depict?
germinating seeds of a dicot and a monocot respectively
germinating seeds of a monocot and a dicot respectively
fertilizing ovules of a monocot and dicot respectively
What would indicate that a corpse had been dead between 2-8 hours?
How does the asexual reproduction of a lily differ from sexual reproduction? All BUT ONE statement describes a difference between asexual and sexual reproduction of this lily, namely:
The asexual reproduction in lilies results in genetically identical plants, as it happens through a process called vegetative propagation. Sexual reproduction, however, produces genetically unique plants, as it involves the fertilization of the ovule by the pollen, which is genetically different. The main difference between the two thus lies in the genetic diversity.
Explanation:The asexual reproduction in lilies involves a process known as vegetative propagation, often through bulbils or bulblets. This occurs when a new lily plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant, inheriting the exact same genetic information as the parent, resulting in a genetically identical (clone) lily plant.
On the other hand, sexual reproduction in lily plants involves the fertilization of the ovule by the pollen, which is genetically different. The ovule then develops into a seed and eventually grows into a new plant. The offspring produced is genetically unique because it contains a mix of genes from both parent plants.
Thus, the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in lilies lies in genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction results in plants that are genetically identical, while sexual reproduction produces new genetic combinations, increasing genetic diversity.
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