The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps:4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)(1)2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)(2)3NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)(3)Use the values of ΔH°f to calculate the value of ΔH° for each of the preceding reactions.ΔH°f, kJ/molNH3(g)-46NO(g)90.H2O(g)-242NO2(g)34H2O(l)-286HNO3(aq)-207ΔH°1 = kJΔH°2 = kJΔH°3 = kJWrite the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations. (Water is also a product.)(Use the lowest possible coefficients. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank.)

Answer:

The reactions free energy [tex]\Delta G = -49.36 kJ[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

      The pressure of (NO) is [tex]P_{NO} = 9.20 \ atm[/tex]

      The  pressure of  (Cl) gas is  [tex]P_{Cl} = 9.15 \ atm[/tex]

       The  pressure of nitrosly chloride (NOCl) is [tex]P_{(NOCl)} = 7.70 \ atm[/tex]

The reaction is

              [tex]2NO_{(g)} + Cl_2 (g)[/tex]    ⇆   [tex]2 NOCl_{(g)}[/tex]

 From the reaction we can  mathematically evaluate the [tex]\Delta G^o[/tex] (Standard state  free energy ) as

                    [tex]\Delta G^o = 2 \Delta G^o _{NOCl} - \Delta G^o _{Cl_2} - 2 \Delta G^o _{NO}[/tex]

The Standard state  free energy for NO is  constant with a value  

                 [tex]\Delta G^o _{NO} = 86.55 kJ/mol[/tex]

 The Standard state  free energy for [tex]Cl_2[/tex] is  constant with a value                  

             [tex]\Delta G^o _{Cl_2} = 0kJ/mol[/tex]

 The Standard state  free energy for [tex]NOCl[/tex] is  constant with a value

         [tex]\Delta G^o _{NOCl} =66.1kJ/mol[/tex]

Now substituting this into the equation

        [tex]\Delta G^o = 2 * 66.1 - 0 - 2 * 87.6[/tex]

                [tex]= -43 kJ/mol[/tex]

The pressure constant is evaluated as

         [tex]Q = \frac{Pressure \ of \ product }{ Pressure \ of \ reactant }[/tex]

Substituting  values  

        [tex]Q = \frac{(7.7)^2 }{(9.2)^2 (9.15) } = \frac{59.29}{774.456}[/tex]

           [tex]= 0.0765[/tex]

The free energy for this reaction is evaluated as

           [tex]\Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT ln Q[/tex]

Where R is gas constant with a value  of  [tex]R = 8.314 J / K \cdot mol[/tex]

          T is temperature in K  with a given value of  [tex]T = 25+273 = 298 K[/tex]

   Substituting value

                [tex]\Delta G = -43 *10^{3} + 8.314 *298 * ln [0.0765][/tex]

                       [tex]= -43-6.36[/tex]

                      [tex]\Delta G = -49.36 kJ[/tex]

Answer:

Explanation:

Industrial examples

Process Reactants, Product(s)

Ammonia synthesis (Haber–Bosch process) N2 + H2, NH3

Nitric acid synthesis (Ostwald process) NH3 + O2, HNO3

Hydrogen production by Steam reforming CH4 + H2O, H2 + CO2

Ethylene oxide synthesis C2H4 + O2, C2H4O

Answer:

The answer is A - Ethene gas reacts with hydrogen gas by using a nickel catalyst.

Explanation:

just did on Edge

10 litres = 0.01 cubic meter

Answer:

a) ii

b)iii

c)iii

Explanation:

three atoms directly bonded then only it is possible to achieve trigonal planar

trigonal bipyramidal means five atoms should attach to central atom

for octahedral six atoms must directly connected to central atom

Answer:

Step 1: The answer is option (b) NaOEt

Step 2: The answer is option (k) OH-, H2O, heat then H3O

Step 3: The answer is option (a) heat, -CO2

Step 4: na (no reagent)

Explanation:

See the attached file for the explanation.

Answer: (a) The solubility of CuCl in pure water is [tex]1.1 \times 10^{-3} M[/tex].

(b) The solubility of CuCl in 0.1 M NaCl is [tex]9.5 \times 10^{-3} M[/tex].

Explanation:

(a)  Chemical equation for the given reaction in pure water is as follows.

           [tex]CuCl(s) \rightarrow Cu^{+}(aq) + Cl^{-}(aq)[/tex]

Initial:                         0            0

Change:                    +x           +x

Equilibm:                   x             x

[tex]K_{sp} = 1.2 \times 10^{-6}[/tex]

And, equilibrium expression is as follows.

          [tex]K_{sp} = [Cu^{+}][Cl^{-}][/tex]

       [tex]1.2 \times 10^{-6} = x \times x[/tex]

             x = [tex]1.1 \times 10^{-3} M[/tex]

Hence, the solubility of CuCl in pure water is [tex]1.1 \times 10^{-3} M[/tex].

(b)  When NaCl is 0.1 M,

       [tex]CuCl(s) \rightarrow Cu^{+}(aq) + Cl^{-}(aq)[/tex],  [tex]K_{sp} = 1.2 \times 10^{-6}[/tex]

   [tex]Cu^{+}(aq) + 2Cl^{-}(aq) \rightleftharpoons CuCl_{2}(aq)[/tex],  [tex]K = 8.7 \times 10^{4}[/tex]

Net equation: [tex]CuCl(s) + Cl^{-}(aq) \rightarrow CuCl_{2}(aq)[/tex]

               [tex]K' = K_{sp} \times K[/tex]

                          = 0.1044

So for, [tex]CuCl(s) + Cl^{-}(aq) \rightarrow CuCl_{2}(aq)[/tex]

Initial:                     0.1                 0

Change:                -x                   +x

Equilibm:            0.1 - x                x

Now, the equilibrium expression is as follows.

              K' = [tex]\frac{CuCl_{2}}{Cl^{-}}[/tex]

         0.1044 = [tex]\frac{x}{0.1 - x}[/tex]

              x = [tex]9.5 \times 10^{-3} M[/tex]

Therefore, the solubility of CuCl in 0.1 M NaCl is [tex]9.5 \times 10^{-3} M[/tex].

Final answer:

The solubility of CuCl in pure water and in 0.100 M NaCl solution both turn out to be 1.1 x 10^-3 M when formation of CuCl2- is ignored, determined using the provided Ksp.

Explanation:

To calculate the solubility of CuCl in pure water, we can use the solubility product constant (Ksp). The dissociation of CuCl can be represented as:

CuCl(s) ⇌ Cu+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Let the solubility of CuCl be 's' moles per liter. At equilibrium, the concentration of Cu+ and Cl- ions will both be 's' M. So, the Ksp expression for CuCl is:

Ksp = [Cu+][Cl-] = (s)(s) = s²

Giving us:

s = √(1.2 x 10^-6) = 1.1 x 10^-3 M

This is the solubility of CuCl in pure water.

For the solubility of CuCl in 0.100 M NaCl solution, we have to consider the common ion effect. In this case, Cl- is the common ion. With the presence of 0.100 M NaCl, the concentration of Cl- ions at equilibrium will be higher. However, since we ignore the formation of CuCl2-, the solubility will still be governed by the Ksp of CuCl. The calculation will remain the same as in pure water, due to the assumption of ignoring CuCl2- formation:

s = 1.1 x 10^-3 M

Therefore, the presence of NaCl does not affect the solubility under the given conditions for this specific case.

Answer:

Explanation:

Compounds derived from Phosphatidyl choline are referred to as Lysolecithins.  These compounds are  amphiphatic in nature and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Choline, glycerol, and phosphate represent the hydrophyilic portion of lysolecithins,while the fatty acid on C1 is hydrophobic in nature.

Glycerol, choline and phosphate act as a polar tail whereas the fatty acid acts as a long polar head which represents an amphipathic molecule like detergents.

The pH of this solution is 12.

We can solve this question knowing that the ammonium hydroxide, NH₄OH, dissociates in water as follows:

NH₄OH(aq) ⇄ NH₄⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)

Based on the reaction, 1 mole of NH₄OH produces 1 mole of OH⁻

With this molarity and the 1% dissociated we can find the molarity of OH⁻. With molarity of OH⁻ we can find pOH (pOH = -log[OH⁻]) and pH (pH = 14-pOH) as follows:

Molarity OH⁻:

A solution 1.0mol dm⁻³ = 1M of NH₄OH produce 1% of OH⁻ ions because only 1% is dissociate, that is:

[tex]1M NH_4OH*(\frac{1MOH^-}{100MNH_4OH}) = 0.01M OH^-[/tex]

Now, we can find pOH as follows:

pOH:

pOH = -log [OH⁻] = 2

And pH:

pH:

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 12

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Answer:

0.2788 M

1.674 %(m/V)

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

NaOH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O

Step 2: Calculate the reacting moles of NaOH

[tex]0.03575 L \times \frac{0.1950mol}{L} = 6.971 \times 10^{-3} mol[/tex]

Step 3: Calculate the reacting moles of CH₃COOH

The molar ratio of NaOH to CH₃COOH is 1:1.

[tex]6.971 \times 10^{-3} molNaOH \times \frac{1molCH_3COOH}{1molNaOH} = 6.971 \times 10^{-3} molCH_3COOH[/tex]

Step 4: Calculate the molarity of the acetic acid solution

[tex]M = \frac{6.971 \times 10^{-3} mol}{0.02500L} =0.2788 M[/tex]

Step 5: Calculate the mass of acetic acid

The molar mass of acetic acid is 60.05 g/mol.

[tex]6.971 \times 10^{-3} mol \times \frac{60.05g}{mol} =0.4186 g[/tex]

Step 6: Calculate the percentage of acetic acid in the solution

[tex]\frac{0.4186g}{25.00mL} \times 100\% = 1.674 \%(m/V)[/tex]

Answer:

Concentration  acetic acid = ‬0.27885 M

% acetic acid = 0.69%

Explanation:

You are given 25.00 mL of an acetic acid solution of unknown concentration. You find it requires 35.75 mL of a 0.1950 M NaOH solution to exactly neutralize this sample (phenolphthalein was used as an indicator). What is the molarity of the acetic acid solution?

what is the percentage of acetic acid in the solution? Assume the density of the solution is 1 g/ml.

Step 1: Data given

Volume of acetic acid = 25.00 mL = 0.025 L

Volume of NaOH = 35.75 mL = 0.03575 L

Molarity of NaOH = 0.1950 M

Step 2: The balanced equation

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O

Step 3: Calculate moles

Moles = molarity * volume

Moles NaOH = 0.1950 M * 0.03575 L

Moles NaOH = 0.00697125‬ moles

Step 4: Calculate concentration of acetic acid

We need 0.00697125‬ moles of acetic acid to neutralize NaOH

Concentration = moles / volume

Concentration = 0.00697125 moles / 0.025 L

Concentration = ‬0.27885 M

Step 5: Calculate mass of acetic acid

Mass acetic acid = moles * molar mass

Mass acetic acid = 0.00697125 moles * 60.05g/mol

Mass acetic acid = 0.4186 grams

Step 6: Calculate mass of sample

Total volume = 60.75 mL = 0.06075 L

Mass of sample 60.75 mL * 1g/mL = 60.75 grams

Step 7: Calculate the percentage of acetic acid in the solution

% acetic acid = (0.4186 grams / 60.75 grams ) * 100 %

% acetic acid = 0.69%

Answer:

D. If the pH of NaOH is 12, then that of Na₃PO₄ solution has to be lesser than 12.

Explanation:

In this problem, we are comparing the pH of a strong base to a weak base. A strong base is one that ionizes completely in aqueous solutions where as a weak base ionizes slightly.

The pH scale is good tool for measuring the acidity and alkalinity of various substances. It ranges from 1 - 14;

      1                                      7                                               14

                         ←                                       →

      increasing acidity                          increasing alkalinity

                                        neutrality

Strong bases have their pH value close to 14 and weak bases are close to 7.

Since Na₃PO₄ is a weak base, it will have lesser pH value compared to a strong base such as NaOH

The question lack options, that are as follows"

The following statements are true in the given question:

We know that:

Again,

PH +POH =14

From the above equation,

So,

Thus, If pH NaOH = 12.00, NaOH is a strong base and Na3PO4 is a weak base. For the solution, the weak base OH-ion concentration is less. Clearly, the pH of Na3PO4 is less than 12.00.

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For the second-order reaction 2 NOCl → 2 NO + Cl2, it will take 3.32 seconds for the concentration of NOCl to decrease from 0.076 M to 0.042 M.

The reaction 2 NOCl → 2 NO + Cl2 is second order with respect to [NOCl], meaning the rate law can be written as rate = k[NOCl]2. Given that k = 3.2 M−1s−1, we can use the integrated rate law for second-order reactions to find the time it takes for the concentration of NOCl to change from 0.076 M to 0.042 M. The integrated rate law for second-order reactions is ¼¾ ϑ¾ = k(t-t0), with t as the time elapsed, t0 as the initial time, and ϑ and ϑ0 as the final and initial concentrations, respectively. Solving for t gives us

t = ¼¾ [ϑ0^{-1} - ϑ^{-1}] / k

Substituting the given values we get:

t = ( ¼¾ [0.076−1 - 0.042−1] ) / 3.2

t = ( ¼¾ [13.16 - 23.81] ) / 3.2

t = ( ¼¾ [-10.65] ) / 3.2

t = 3.32 seconds

The ratio of energy obtained from metabolizing stearic acid to fructose is 3:1.

To calculate the ratio of the energy the body gets metabolizing stearic acid to the energy the body gets metabolizing fructose, we need to compare their carbon content. The molecular formula of stearic acid is C18H36O2, which means it has 18 carbon atoms. The molecular formula of fructose is C6H12O6, which means it has 6 carbon atoms. Since the energy content of food is roughly proportional to the carbon content, we can calculate the ratio by dividing the number of carbon atoms in stearic acid (18) by the number of carbon atoms in fructose (6). This gives us a ratio of 3:1.

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The energy ratio of metabolizing one gram of stearic acid (a fatty acid) to one gram of fructose (a carbohydrate) is 2.25, with stearic acid providing 9 kcal/g and fructose providing 4 kcal/g of energy.

The question asks to calculate the ratio of the energy the body gets metabolizing each gram of stearic acid to the energy the body gets metabolizing each gram of fructose. Stearic acid is a fatty acid, and fructose is a simple carbohydrate. According to the data provided, each gram of carbohydrates yields approximately 4 kcal of energy, while each gram of fat yields about 9 kcal. Therefore, the ratio of energy from fats to carbohydrates is 9 kcal/g to 4 kcal/g.

To calculate the ratio of energy from stearic acid to fructose:

Identify the energy values: 9 kcal/g for stearic acid and 4 kcal/g for fructose.

Divide the energy value of stearic acid by the energy value of fructose: 9 kcal/g \/ 4 kcal/g = 2.25.

This means that metabolizing one gram of stearic acid yields 2.25 times the energy compared to metabolizing one gram of fructose.

Answer:

                    SEPARATION SCHEME FOR  CATIONS

GIVEN  CATIONS : [tex]Ag^{+} \ , Fe^{3+} , Cu^{2+}, Ni^{2+}[/tex]

    Step 1:   Add [tex]6mol/dm^3[/tex] of [tex]HCl[/tex] to the mixture solution

    Result : This would cause a precipitate of [tex]AgCl[/tex] to be formed

    Reaction :  [tex]Ag^{+} _{(aq)} + Cl^{-} _{(aq)} ---------> AgCl(ppt)[/tex]

    Step 2 : Next is to remove the precipitate and add [tex]H_2S[/tex] to the remaining          

                 solution in the presence of [tex]0.2 \ mol/dm^3[/tex] of HCl

     Result : This would cause a precipitate of [tex]CuS[/tex] to be formed

     Reaction :  [tex]Cu^{2+}_{(aq)} + S^{2-}_{(aq)} ------> Cu_2S(ppt)[/tex]

     Step 3: Next remove the precipitate then add [tex]6 \ mol/dm^3[/tex] of aqueous      

                 [tex]NH_3 (NH_3 \cdot H_2 O)[/tex] , process the solution in a centrifuge,when the  

                 process  is done then sort out the  precipitate from the  solution

                 Now this precipitate is   [tex]Fe(OH)_3[/tex] and the remaining solution

                contains  [tex](Ni (NH_3)_6)[/tex]

                 Next take out the precipitate to a different beaker and add HCl

                to it   this will dissolve it, then add a drop of [tex]NH_4SCN[/tex] this will

                form  a precipitate  [tex]Fe(SCN)_{6}^{3-}[/tex] which will have the color of

                 blood  indicating the presence of [tex]Fe^{3+}[/tex]

   Reaction :   [tex]F^{3+}_{(aq)} + 30H^-_{(aq)} --------->Fe(OH)_3_{(aq)}[/tex]

                        [tex]Fe (OH)_{(s)} _3 + 3H^{+}_{aq} -------> Fe^{3+}_{aq} + 3H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]

                         [tex]Fe^{3+} + 6SCN^{-} -----> Fe(SCN)_6 ^{3-}[/tex]

                      Now the remaining mixture contains [tex]Ni^{2+}[/tex]

Explanation:

Answer:

I would expect to extract the acetic acid.

Explanation:

In the first step, since we are adding a concentrated acid, it will react with the bases present in the mixture (diethylamine and ammonia) forming salts, which are soluble in water. Therefore, after draining the aqueous layer, we will have phenol and acetic acid left in the organic layer.

In the second step, we are adding a diluted base, so it will react with a strong acid. This compound is acetic acid, and its salt will be present in the aqueous layer. Phenol will be left on the organic layer.

Answer:

water is everywhere, its in the air and the clouds, in the earth too!

it isnt always liquid form. like when it snows or hails.

Explanation:

Find the attachments

Answer:

A chain of four carbon atoms connected by single bonds. Single bonds connect the first carbon atom to 3 hydrogen atoms. The second and third carbons are each connected to 2 hydrogen atoms by single bonds. The fourth carbon atom is double bonded to 1 oxygen atom and single bonded to 1 oxygen atom. The single bonded oxygen atom is connected to a hydrogen atom by a single bond. Both oxygen atoms have 2 lone pairs.

Explanation:

In the Brownstead-Lowry definition of a base; a base is any substance that accepts a proton. Hence, a base must have available lone pairs to accept a proton and possess a plus sign afterwards. Only the bonding situation described in the answer meets this description.

The description in the second option should be a Brownstead-Lowry acid because it will rather donate a proton.

The compounds that are bases in aqueous solution according to Bronsted-Lowry theory is ; ( A , B, C, D and E ).

Bronsted-Lowry theory states that a compound which is capable of accepting protons from another compound is a base while a compound that transfers protons to other compounds is categorised as an acid.  The compounds listed in the answer are capable of accepting protons because of the availability of lone pairs of protons.

Hence we can conclude that the compounds that re bases in aqueous solutions are as listed above.

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Answer:

is there like a passage to answer this question?

Explanation:

Answer:

Increasing fishing for them is thought to be causing problems for some of their natural predators, especially the auks which take them in deeper water. They are also tied as flies to catch fish. An instance of this was the RSPB report linking a population crash of seabirds in the North Sea to fishing for sand eels.

Explanation:

Answer:

percentage mass of platinum in the alloy ≈ 90.60 %

Explanation:

The alloy is 8.528 g sample of an alloy containing platinum and cobalt . The alloy react with excess nitric acid to form cobalt(ii) nitrate . Platinum is resistant to acid so it will definitely not react with the acid only the cobalt metal in the alloy will react with the acid.

The chemical reaction can be represented as follows:

Co (s) + HNO₃ (aq) → Co(NO₃)₂ (aq) +  NO₂ (l) + H₂O (l)

The balanced equation

Co (s) + 4HNO₃ (aq) → Co(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NO₂ (l) + 2H₂O (l)

Cobalt is the limiting reactant

atomic mass of cobalt = 58.933 g/mol

Molar mass of Co(NO₃)₂ = 58.933 + 14 × 2 + 16 × 6 = 58.933 + 28 + 96 = 182.933  g

58.933 g of cobalt produce 182.933  g of  Co(NO₃)₂

? gram of cobalt will produce 2.49 g of Co(NO₃)₂

cross multiply

grams of cobalt that will react = (58.933 × 2.49)/182.933

grams of cobalt that will react = 146.74317000/182.933

grams of cobalt that will react= 0.8021689362 g

grams of cobalt that will react = 0.802 g

mass of platinum in the alloy  = 8.528 g - 0.802 g = 7.726 g

percentage  mass of platinum in the alloy = 7.726/8.528 × 100 = 772.600/8.528 = 90 .595 %

percentage mass of platinum in the alloy ≈ 90.60 %

Answer:

it hydroxide ion

Hope it will help you

The molecule OH- is termed as a hydroxide ion. It comprises one hydrogen ion and one oxygen ion and holds a negative charge. Hydroxide ions are observed in water-based solutions and play a crucial role in chemical reactions such as hydrolysis; they also impact the pH levels in solutions.

The molecule OH- is called a hydroxide ion. This comes from the fact that it consists of one hydrogen ion (H) and one oxygen ion (O). An ion is an atom or molecule that carries a charge, in this case, the charge of the hydroxide ion is -1 because it has gained one electron. Hydroxide ions are found in solutions resulting from the ionization of water.

The molecule OH- plays an important role in various chemical reactions. For example, in hydrolysis, a molecule of water disrupts a compound; the water splits into H and OH. One part of the divided compound bonds with the hydrogen atom, and the other part bonds with the hydroxide group. The presence of hydroxide ions also has a significant effect in determining the pH of a solution; the higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the more basic or alkaline the solution is.

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Using sulfuric acid in the nitration of benzene generates a more reactive nitronium ion, which then reacts with benzene. The detailed mechanisms of nitration and sulfonation involve sigma complexes with resonance stabilization. An energy diagram for nitration shows intermediates and activation energy.

The importance of using sulfuric acid in the nitration of benzene by nitric acid is to activate the HNO₃, creating a more reactive electrophile, the nitronium ion (NO₂+). This ion then reacts with benzene to form nitrobenzene. In the mechanism of the sulfonation of benzene, sulfur trioxide (SO₃) acts as the electrophile, which is generated from sulfuric acid. The detailed mechanisms for both reactions involve the formation of a sigma complex with resonance forms and the restoration of aromaticity through deprotonation.

For the nitration of benzene, an energy diagram shows the activation energy and intermediates formed. The sigma complex for 1,3-dinitrobenzene undergoing further nitration to form 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene illustrates how the meta position stabilizes the complex by avoiding the creation of high-energy intermediates with adjacent positive charges, as seen in ortho and para substitution.

The equations representing the nitration and sulfonation of benzene are as follows:

Answer:

As the temperature of a gas increases, gas molecules exert more force on the walls of their container.

Explanation:

Pressure is the force exerted by a substance per unit area on another substance. The pressure of a gas is the force that the gas exerts on the walls of its container.

Gases collide frequently with each other and the walls of the container. This pressure of the gas increases with increase in temperature since increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of gas molecules. They now collide more frequently with the walls of the container hence the answer.

The gas pressure is defined as the force exerted by the gas particles when they collide with the walls of the container. It is the pressure exerted per unit area.

The correct option is:

Option C. As the temperature of a gas increases, gas molecules exert more force on the walls of their container.

The correct explanation can be given as:

Therefore, option C is correct.

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Answer:

There correct answer is option 1 (-50100 J)

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of water = 150.0 grams

ΔHfus = 334 J/g

Temperature = 0°C

ΔHfus = the amount of energy needed to change phase of 1 mol water to ice

Step 2: Calculate the amount of heat required

Q = m*ΔHfus

⇒Q = the amount of heat reuired = TO BE DETERMINED

⇒m =the mass of water = 150.0 grams

⇒ΔHfus = 334 J/g

Q = 150.0 grams * 334 J/g

Q = 50100 J  of heat required

Step 3: Calculate heat released

Qrequired = -Q released

Qreleased = -50100 J

There correct answer is option 1 (-50100 J)

Answer:

The answer is -50100 J

Explanation:

I just took the test as I'm in GCA as well (11th grade). My teacher walked us through each formula and gave us multiple practice questions in Jigsaw.

Honestly, all you need to be aware of is the fusion formula which is:

q = m*Hfusion

q = amount of energy

m = mass in grams

Hfusion = 334 J/g (it will not change)

Write down what we're given and what we're looking for:

q = ?

m = 150

Hfusion = 334 J/g

Set up the equation:

q = 150 * 334

Multiply 150 by 334 to get 50100.

You must keep in mind that we're finding how much heat is released which means the energy will be negative.

Add the negative sign to the number to get -50100 Joules

I don't know why that chart is there, it doesn't do anything for this equation. Disregard it for this problem.

Hope I helped! :D

Answer:

Mass of NaHCO₃ required for the neutralization = 0.143 g

Explanation:

The reaction between HCl and NaHCO₃ is given as

HCl + NaHCO₃ → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

The fluid in the stomach of a man suffering from indigestion is considered to be 50 mL of a 0.034 M HCl solution. The mass of NaHCO₃ he would need to ingest to neutralize this much HCl.

We forst need to calculate the number of moles of HCl in 50.0 mL of 0.034 M HCl

(Number of moles) = (Conc in mol/L) × (Volume in L)

Conc in mol/L = 0.034 M

Volume in L = (50/1000) = 0.05 L

Number of moles of HCl = 0.034 × 0.05 = 0.0017 moles

From the stoichiometric balance of the reaction,

1 mole of HCl requires 1 mole of NaHCO₃

0.0017 moles of HCl will require 0.0017 moles of NaHCO₃.

So, we can then.calculate the mass of NaHCO₃ required for this neutralization.

Mass = (Number of moles) × (Molar mass)

Molar mass of NaHCO₃ = 84.007 g/mol

Mass of NaHCO₃ required for this neutralization = 0.0017 × 84.007 = 0.1428119 g = 0.143 g to 3 s.f because calculated values usually have 1 more significant figure than the given parameters for the calculations.

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The starting alkyne is 3-hexyne, and after the ozonolysis process and treatment with water, the resulted product is hexanoic acid.

In the given question, an alkyne with the molecular formula C6H10 is treated with ozone followed by water, to produce one type of carboxylic acid via the process of ozonolysis. The starting alkyne for this reaction probably is 3-hexyne. During ozonolysis, the alkyne triple bond is cleaved, forming two equivalent aldehydes. But these aldehydes are further oxidized into carboxylic acids when water is used as second reagent. The produced product, hence, is hexanoic acid.

Remember, in the process of ozonolysis, alkynes are oxidized and cleaved into smaller molecules. These molecules usually have carbonyl groups such as aldehydes and ketones. But in this scenario, because of the hydration step, we end up with a carboxylic acid.

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Answer:

0.016 grams of chloride ion were present in the 0.1000 grams of sample.

Explanation:

According to question, 9.00 mL of titrant was added to solution with 0.1000 grams of complex to reach the end point.

Molarity of the silver nitrate solution = 0.0500 M

Volume of the silver nitrate solution = V = 9.00 mL = 0.009 L

1 mL = 1000 L

Moles of silver nitrate = n

[tex]Molarity=\frac{Moles}{Volume (L)}[/tex]

[tex]0.0500 M=\frac{n}{0.009 L}[/tex]

n = 0.00045 mol

[tex]Cl^-+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl+NO_3^{-}[/tex]

According to 1 mole of silver nitrate reacts with 1 mol of chloride ion, then 0.00045 moles of silver nitrate will :

[tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.00045 mol=0.00045 mol[/tex] of chloride ions

Mass of chloride ions :

0.00045 mol × 35.5 g/mol = 0.016 g

0.016 grams of chloride ion were present in the 0.1000 grams of sample.

Answer:GASOLINE IS NOT FUYKING SOUP IF YOU EAT IT YOULL DIE

Explanation:

Just a fair warning

This answer explains that during the combustion of gasoline, each carbon atom forms carbon dioxide (CO₂) and each hydrogen atom forms water (H₂O). This process increases the total mass due to the addition of oxygen atoms, resulting in CO₂ emissions being roughly three times the weight of the gasoline burned.

In this question, we explore the combustion of gasoline, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. The main reaction for burning gasoline can be approximated by the equation:

CH₂ + 1.5 O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

This indicates that each carbon atom in the gasoline molecule combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO₂), while each hydrogen atom combines with oxygen to form water (H₂O). The average chemical formula for gasoline is close to CH₂; thus, if you burn hydrocarbons, the products will primarily be CO₂ and H₂O.

For example, burning gasoline with the empirical formula CH₂ involves replacing two hydrogen atoms with oxygen, resulting in carbon dioxide and water. Here's a more balanced version of the reaction:

2 CH₂ + 3 O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 2 H₂O

This reaction results in a mass increase as the products (CO₂ and H₂O) weigh more than the original reactants (CH₂ and O₂). Specifically, for each carbon atom (12 atomic mass units) and two hydrogen atoms (2 atomic mass units) in the gasoline, the resulting CO₂ and H₂O (carbon dioxide: 44 AMU; water: 18 AMU) demonstrate an overall tripling of mass due to the addition of oxygen atoms.

By understanding this principle, one can estimate that the weight of CO₂ released by burning gasoline is roughly three times the weight of the gasoline itself. This is why a typical car emits a substantially larger mass of CO₂ relative to the fuel it consumes.

Answer:

Yes, Convection can occur in both liquids and gases

Explanation:

  The Particle Theory suggests that Particles are always moving. Convection occurs in the breeze you feel, when the warm particles quickly move upwards resulting in cold air quickly sinking and creating a breeze. Convection also occurs when you boil water, the molecules of warm water quickly move to the top and cold water quickly moves to the bottom resulting in a circle the constantly keeps the water circulating, making it boil.

Answer:

Potassium fluoride

Explanation:

Because potassium is strongly electropositive combined ionically with Fluorine which is highly electronegative this has the greatest tendency of been ionic

Answer:

4.5

Hope this helps!

In the given chemical equation according to stoichiometry, 4.5 moles  of oxygen are produced when 3.0 mole of KClO₃ decomposes completely.

Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample. It is important while making solutions and balancing chemical equations.In the given balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of  KClO₃  gives 3 moles of oxygen , thus 3 mole of  KClO₃ will give 3×3/2=4.5  moles.

Thus, 4.5 moles  of oxygen are produced when 3.0 mole of KClO₃ decomposes completely.

Learn more about stoichiometry,here:

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